Lub Balkan kev tsov kev rog

Ob tug Balkan kev tsov kev rog coj qhov chaw ua ntej tus thawj lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog. Tus thawj battles tau purely emancipatory, anti-Turkish cim. Ua raws li-up twb tshwm sim los ntawm lub contradictions ntawm lub yeej nyob rau hauv thawj zaug tsov rog.

Lub Balkan Wars (thawj theem) pub rau oust lub Turks los ntawm cov teb chaws Europe. Union ntawm Serbia, tim Nkij teb chaws, Montenegro thiab Bulgaria npaj mus nyiag lub Ottoman Empire tag nrho cov holdings nyob rau hauv cov European lub teb chaws. Tom qab, nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog kev tsim cov contradictions nyob rau hauv lub Union chaw uas zoo heev, ib co xa rov qab mus rau lub Turks. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub Balkan kev tsov kev rog txhais ntxiv aggravation ntawm rau txawv teb chaws txoj cai contradictions. Cov sib ntaus sib tua ib co raws li ceev lub phaum ntawm lub thawj lub ntiaj teb ua tsov ua rog. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lub Balkan kev tsov kev rog pab mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tub rog technology. Thaum lub sij hawm battles siv tshiab aircraft, submarines, armored tsheb. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws twb paub tseeb hais tias, thiab qhov muaj nqis ntawm ib tug loj heev phom loj, tshuab-phom thiab artillery hluav taws.

Thawj Balkan ua tsov ua rog ntawd kub ntev li ntawm kaum hli ntuj 9 1912 mus rau 30 th Tej zaum 1913. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no, Montenegro, Serbia, tim Nkij teb chaws thiab Bulgaria nyob rau hauv lub Union, tawm tsam nrog lub Ottoman Empire. Cov neeg ntawm lub Balkans twb mus nqa tawm ib qho tseem ceeb historic ua hauj lwm ntawm lub teb chaws liberation ntawm feudal oppression thiab cov Turks. Txawm li cas los, ib co ntawm cov backwardness ntawm lub peasantry thiab cov tsis muaj zog ntawm lub proletariat, cov kev pab ntawm lub imperialist powers nyob rau hauv lub affairs ntawm lub ceg av qab teb coj mus rau lub fact tias ib ce tsis yog ib tug revolutionary, thiab cov tub rog txhais tau tias.

Balkan Union twb mus los ntawm Serbian thiab Bulgarian bourgeoisie, uas nrhiav mus rau tus thawj nyob rau hauv ntau npaum li cas ntawm Macedonia. Bulgarian cov neeg sawv cev lam xav koom nrog Board of Western Thrace thiab Thessaloniki nkag tau mus rau lub hiav txwv Aegean. Nrog rau qhov no, Serb rulers xam nce nkag tau mus rau lub Adriatic hiav txwv los ntawm kev sib cais ntawm Albania.

Acceleration ntawm Thawj Balkan ua tsov ua rog twb provoked uprisings nyob rau hauv Albania thiab Macedonia, lub Lavxias teb sab-Turkish tsov rog. Yog vim li cas rau cov ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm thaum pib ntawm lub offensive zog yog tus tsis kam pab autonomy mus rau lub Turks ntawm Thrace thiab Macedonia, thiab kom txhob muaj tus mobilization ntawm Turkish pab tub rog.

Montenegro thawj phaum hostilities rau 9 Lub kaum hli ntuj 1912. Nyob rau lub kaum hli ntuj 18 th nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua yuav mus xeem tus so ntawm lub Union (Bulgaria, Serbia, tim Nkij teb chaws). Raws li lub hom phiaj ntawm cov phoojywg, cov Turkish tub rog yuav tsum mus ua txhaum li reinforcements los ntawm Asia muaj hnub nyoog. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias lub neej coj rog outnumbered lub Turks, tsis tsuas nyob rau hauv xov tooj tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub caj npab, thiab cov theem ntawm txoj kev kawm ntawm cov tub rog. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm cov tub rog ntawm Ottoman Empire dhau reorganization.

Ib tug loj lub tshuab mus rau lub Eastern Turkish tub rog tau raug kev txom nyem nyob rau hauv Thrace. Hla ciam teb, tus thawj thiab thib peb Bulgarian pab tub rog tua yeej cov peb lub tsev ntawm lub Turks. Tom qab lub yeej ntawm plaub corps sab hnub tuaj Ottoman tub rog khiav. Bulgarian troops tau nres ntawm Chataldzhinskih txaus qhia, fortified xav txaus.

Nyob rau hauv yav qab teb Macedonia Greek rog twb yeej nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Yenice thiab launched ib tug offensive nyob rau hauv Salonika, uas yog txhawb los ntawm lub Bulgarian tawm tsam. Lub Greeks, Ntxiv, txaus siab los ntawm lub Serbian pab tub rog thiab txhawb los ntawm Macedonia.

Nyob rau lub hiav txwv Aegean twb yeej los ntawm lub Greek fleet.

Cov successes ntawm tus tswv cuab lub teb chaws ntawm lub Balkan Union nyob rau hauv battles muab ua ntej lwm yam zoo kawg powers nyuaj txaus. Piv txwv li, Russia ntshai tsam hais tias lub conquest ntawm lub Turkish capital ntawm Bulgaria yuav tsa cov nqe lus nug ntawm lub Straits nyob rau hauv cov nyom tej yam kev mob rau tsarist. Yog li ntawd, lub Lavxias teb sab huab tais muaj kom muab ncua tseg hostilities thiab mus rau kev sib haum xeeb hais lus.

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nyuab thoob ntiaj teb ib puag ncig, tsis mus ntes Istanbul Bulgarian twb xaus lus sib yeem lus ntawm Serbia thiab Bulgaria rau hauv ib tes thiab Qaib Cov Txwv - nyob rau lwm yam. Tsis ntev, txawm li cas los, hostilities tau resumed. Tsuas yog tom qab ib tug tshiab yeej ntawm lub Turkish tub rog ntawv khi lus tau kos npe ntawm tag nrho cov teb chaws ntawm lub Union thiab Qaib Cov Txwv.

Lub Ob txhais Balkan ua tsov ua rog twb tshwm sim los ntawm lub contradictions nyob rau hauv lub Union. Lub teb chaws qhia lawv dissatisfaction nrog cov ntsiab ntawm cov 1 sib ntaus sib tua. Tub rog ua hauj lwm tau ua ntawm qaib ntxhw, Montenegro, Romania, tim Nkij teb chaws thiab Serbia nyob rau hauv ib txhais tes thiab Bulgaria nyob rau lwm yam.

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov sib ntaus sib tua Bulgarians poob ib tug ntau heev ib feem ntawm lub chaw uas zoo heev ntawm Romania thau los ntawm lub Triple Alliance , thiab tsiv los ze zog mus rau lub Entente. Bulgaria nws tus kheej yog tsiv los ze zog mus rau lub Austro-German bloc.