Lub aircraft La-7: specifications, kos duab, duab

Soviet aircraft La-7 yog tsim nyob rau hauv OKB-21 (lub nroog ntawm Gorky, tam sim no Nizhny Novgorod -). Nws coj lub kev loj hlob ntawm SA Lavochkin - ib qho ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws Soviet designers. Qhov no aircraft yog ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau txhais tau tias zoo ntawm kev sib ntaus los aircraft thaum lub sij hawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II. Nws ua ke lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws zog rau huab cua superiority - maneuverability thiab riam phom.

Txheej txheem cej luam

LA-7 - dav hlau, uas yuav tsum tau dej num raws li ib tug monoplane (tus ntaus ntawv nrog ib tug khub uas muaj tis). Nws muaj ib tug ib leeg-cav, nyob rau hauv lub hneev, thiab ib zaug xwb lub rooj - rau tus tsav. Nws thawj - 5-fighter aircraft, kuj tsim nyob rau hauv lub 21 m los. Tus thawj tsab ntawm tus aircraft (los ntawm LA-120 code) coj tawm nyob rau hauv Kaum ib hlis 1943.

Thaum pib ntawm 1944, nws ntse dhau davhlau kev ntsuam xyuas thiab txoj kev theej txhoj rau nqe ntaus rog luag hauj lwm. Los ntawm kawg ntawm tsov rog los ntawm cov conveyor nqis ntau tshaj 5.700 fighter La-7. Raws li rau ntau Soviet pilots, qhov no dav hlau yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws: kev txaus siab rau nws cov agility, ceev, kev cia siab thiab firepower. Thaum lub helm ntawm xws li ib tug high-chav kawm ntawv fighters tau cog qoob loo nyob rau hauv lub yeej tshaj tej ace ntawm lub Peb Reich.

Cov zaj dab neeg ntawm

LA-7 yog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm tus hauj evolution ntawm ib tug series ntawm ob peb aircraft. Cov thawj heev nyob fighters LaGG-2 (tsim nyob rau hauv 1939) thiab LaGG-3 (1940 th). Lawv creation twb tseem kawm los ntawm designers M. Gudkov thiab Gorbunov. Qhov thib ob fighter yog muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm ya rau speeds ntawm 600 km / h - sai German aircraft nyob rau hauv nws chav kawm ntawv. Tab sis nws yog hnyav: 600 kg ntau tshaj qhov Yak-1. Maneuverability LaGG-3 thiab climb tshuav npaum li cas yuav tsum tau kawm.

Nyob rau hauv 1942 tuaj lub LA-5 nrog ib tug sib zog cav, zoo proven nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Stalingrad. Tus tshiab aircraft yog superior rau "Messerschmitt", nws yog ntau npaum li ob tug 20-millimeter phom caliber, thiab lawv tsis xav zoo tshaj "German" nrog ib tug hluas ntsuas, supplemented nrog ob tug tshuab phom.

Nyob rau hauv 1943, thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kursk, lub teb chaws tus Cua Dag Zog Yuam tau txais ib tug tshiab tiam ntawm fighters - LA-5FN nrog uprated xyaw, sib zog thiab yooj yim dua los tswj. Txawm qhov tseeb German "Focke-Wulf-190" yuav tsis yog ib tug competitor ntawm lub Soviet aircraft. Thiab thaum kawg, qhov kawg ntawm 1943 tau sawv ib tug tshiab qauv rau cov huab cua - LA-7. Nyob rau nws, nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog rau yav tas los fighter, muaj ib tug thib peb phom, raws li zoo raws li lub aircraft yuav ncav cuag speeds ntawm 680 km / h.

tsim ntse heev

Tus txiv neej uas coj cov creation ntawm lub LA-7 - phev Alekseevich Lavochkin. Nws - kub medalist, nyob rau hauv 1918-1920 nws tau txais kev pab nyob rau hauv lub Red Army thiab frontier pab tub rog. Ces thiaj hloov tau lub Moscow dua tehuchilische (tam sim no MSTU. Bauman), qhov uas nws tau txais lub profession ntawm engineer Aeromechanics. Lub npe ntawm nws tswv yim sib cav twb txuam nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub bomber.

Mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam aviakonstruktorskoy Semyon pib nyob rau hauv lub lig 20, tus thawj coj tau koom los ntawm tsim aircraft rau cov fleet ntawm lub USSR, thiab ces mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau tua rog. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub 30s, thaum nws los ua nyob tsis tswm, lub Soviet tsoom fwv txiav txim siab los them nyiaj tshwj xeeb mloog mus rau cov kev loj hlob ntawm Cua Dag Zog Yuam nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Thawj Lavochkin nrog SN Lyushin tsim aircraft dhau-1, armed nrog dynamo rektivnymi phom. Tom qab ntawd tuaj lub tsab I-301, uas muaj koj tsim drawings. LA 7 tshuav nws cov tsos engineering undertakings Noob Alekseevich cov xyoo.

yam ntxwv ntawm

Cov kev ceev thiab tus nqi ntawm nce ntawm cov aircraft La-7, nyob rau hauv tus, twb xauj rau cov neeg ntawm tus La-5FN. Tswj fighter ceev yog 680 km / h (thaum ya rau ib qhov siab ntawm 6 txhiab meters.), Tsis txhob tus nqi nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws - 597 km / h. Ntau LA-7 txawv tebchaws yog 635 km, lub qab nthab qhov siab - 10 km 750 m.

Nce fighter - 1098 meters ib feeb. Tshuab ntev - 8,60 m, qhov siab - 2,54 m Npliag hnyav -. 2605 kg Loaded - 3265 kg. Cheeb Tsam ntawm tis fighter - 17.5 sq. m Maximum takeoff hnyav -. 3400 kg. Wingspan ntawm lub aircraft - 9,80 m LA-7 Cav - ib qho ntawm peb hom. 82FN-DB, DB-83 Fighter los yog 71. 1850 muaj ib tug thrust horsepower (uas yog sib npaug rau 1380 kW). Ib tug ntawm cov muaj siv txawv ntawm LA-7 los ntawm lub yav dhau los aircraft - khaub-ncaws nyias tsim (vim lub sab neeg hlau).

weaponry

Cov kev sib ntaus los khoom ntawm aircraft La-7 tau, raws li ib tug txoj cai, ob tug 20-hli cannon hom ShVAK los yog peb phom ntawm tib hom B-20 caliber. Lawv muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kom txhob txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv hits lub nplooj pu ntawm lub kiv cua, los ntawm kev tsim kom muaj lawv hydromechanical synchronizer. Mos txwv rau ib rab phom feem ntau ShVAK yog 200 rounds ib riam phom. Tsis tas li ntawd cov mos txwv zoo li complemented armor-tho caws nplaum hom (tau chob cov cuab yeej rau 22 hli nrog ib tug deb ntawm 100 m), raws li zoo raws li fragmentation caws nplaum mos txwv hom. Nyob rau hauv lub tis ntawm cov aircraft yuav yog set tej tawg hem (txog li 100 kg rau txhua tis). Feem ntau ntawm cov no twb zoo li hom FAB-50 thiab 100, Zab-50, 100 (subscript qhia ib tug loj pob - 50 los yog 100 kg).

shortcomings

Tub rog kws txawj taw tes qhia tawm hais tias cov aircraft La-7 los ntawm lub sij hawm rau lub sij hawm tsis kam mus ua hauj lwm hydraulics. Nws yog tsis heev khov kho thiab cov fighter engine. Vim lub fact tias lub cav cua intakes twb nyob rau hauv lub tis dav hlau, lawv tau ua daig nrog hmoov av vaj tse thaum lub sij hawm takeoff thiab tsaws. Yog li ntawd, lub cav yuav tsis kam mus ua hauj lwm. Qhov no tej khoom vaj tse yog overlooked kws txawj nyob rau hauv lub xeev cov kev ntsuam xyuas: Txais coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, thaum muaj tsis muaj hmoov av.

Nws yog pom hais tias lub cav nyob rau hauv LA-5FN tsis kam muab ntau npaum li cas rarer tshaj nyob rau hauv lub LA-7. Roj txias nyob rau hauv lub fuselage ntawm lub aircraft, thiab vim hais tias ntawm no nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov yog heev kub (txog 40 degrees nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no thiab 55 nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov). Pilots muaj ib tug nyuaj lub sij hawm noj mus rau hauv tus account lub fact tias cov cockpit poob tso gases los ntawm lub engine, thiab yog feem ntau poob rau ntawm iav condensate.

Piv nrog zoo xws li cov: Theory thiab kev xyaum

LA-7 dav hlau, uas muaj ib tug duab nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov phau ntawv ntawm Soviet aviation, yog feem ntau ntaus nqi raws li ib tug dav hlau tua rog, nyob deb superior rau lawv German counterparts - FW-190 thiab "Messerschmitt-109". Txawm li cas los, cov pilots lawv tus kheej hais tias sib ntaus tawm tsam tus German aircraft yog qhov nyuaj heev. Piv txwv li, ua ib tug dhia dej, raws li ib txhia Soviet ARRANGEMENT, "Germans" yog npaum li cas zoo dua no tshuab. Yog li ntawd, los yeej muaj cov sib ntaus yog hais tias tus yeeb ncuab ua li aerobatics, yuav feem ntau tsuas yog tus tshaj plaws kev paub pilots ntawm lub Soviet Cua Dag Zog Yuam.

Tab sis, tseem ceeb tshaj, nyob rau hauv lub LA-7 xws li mob, muab ib tug zoo dua vim muaj ib tug ntse txheej ceev. Thaum muaj kev tswj kom tau nyob ze nrog rau cov Germans yuav tua tus yeeb ncuab. Txawm li cas los ntsuas khoov vojvoog (kab rov tav maneuverability) nyob rau hauv LA-7 pub hais lus ntawm superiority tshaj German aircraft. Qhov no yog vim qis Soviet fighter tis loading: txog 190 kg / sq m. (Thaum cov "German" - ntau tshaj 200 kg / sq.m). Yog li ntawd LA-7 ho tig 3-4 vib nas this sai dua, piv txwv li, "Focke-hma".

kev sib ntaus los kev

LA-7 - nws yog ib tug dav hlau, uas ua rau lawv sib ntaus los missions, NYOB RAU HAUV Kozhedub - legendary tsav, Hero ntawm lub Soviet Union peb lub sij hawm. Sib ntaus sib tua txoj kev uas nws pib nyob rau hauv lub helm ntawm lub LA-5, uas tau coj down ob peb lub kaum os aircraft. Peres LA-7, Kozhedub puas lawm 17 German fighters, kov tiav nws kev sib ntaus los missions thaum lub sij hawm sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze Berlin.

Active kev sib ntaus los siv ntawm cov aircraft pib nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj 1944. Qhov no fighter tau nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb yawm nyob rau hauv lub tiv thaiv regiments ntawm lub Soviet Cua Dag Zog Yuam. Hais txog qhov kev legendary LA-7 hais zoo AI Pokryshkin - al, Hero ntawm lub Soviet Union peb lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv nqa tawm kev sib ntaus los missions nyob rau hauv no lub dav hlau, nws xuas phom tua cia 17 German fighters, xws li reactive "Messerschmitt-262". Great Soviet tsav pom lub LA-7 qauv zoo heev maneuverability, ceev, riam phom hwj chim: nws tag nrho cov niam txig nrog koj nyiam "mis" ace "ceev, maneuver thiab hluav taws."

Lub dav hlau ntawm tus hero

LA 7 historians ntawm lub Great Patriotic feeb txuam nrog rau lub npe ntawm Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub uas tau qhab nia 64 yeej (tsis muaj lawm ib tug ace anti-Hitler coalition). Account battles tsav qhib nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj 1943 nyob rau hauv cov tub rog aircraft La-5. Tom qab Kozhedub ua no hom ntawm ib tug fighter dav hlau 146 sorties thiab khob qhov rooj 20 "German". Nyob rau hauv Tej zaum 1944, tus tsav tsiv mus rau LA-5FN, uas yog sau nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj, zoo li, ib tug ntawm tus neeg ua teb tus Stalingrad cheeb tsam. Thaum no dav hlau, nws puas lawm 7 units yeeb ncuab aircraft. Nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj Kozhedub tso kom muaj kab muaj kev twb pauv mus rau qhov tshiab rau lub Soviet Cua Dag Zog Yuam aircraft-7 fighters. Nyob rau hauv no hom ntawm aircraft Ivan Nikititch nws tiv thaiv txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.

Thaum lub sij hawm ib tug ntawm cov kev sib ntaus los missions LA 7 Kozhedub twb ntaus, nws cav stalled. Txiav txim tsis tau zwm rau cov yeeb ncuab, Soviet ace xa ib lub dav hlau rau ib tug ntawm cov khoom rau hauv av. Tab sis thaum lub fighter pib swoop down, lub cav mam li nco dheev nyiaj li cas, thiab Kozhedub, tsiv LA-7 los ntawm lub ncov, rov qab mus rau lub airfield. Thoob plaws hauv lub tsov ua rog, Ivan Nikitich ya mus rau ib tug sib ntaus los lub hom phiaj 330 lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv koom 120 cua battles, uas puas lawm 64 yeeb ncuab aircraft. Nws twb muab peb medals "Kub Star".