Lipids - yog dab tsi? Lipids: muaj nuj nqi, yam ntxwv

Lipids - yog dab tsi? Nyob rau hauv Greek, lo lus "lipids" txhais tau tias "me me roj." Lawv yog ib pawg ntawm tej yam ntuj tso sib txuas ntawm organic xwm uas nws kim heev comprising ncaj qha rog thiab muaj roj-zoo li tshuaj. Lawv yog ib feem ntawm txhua tus tib nyob hlwb thiab raug muab faib ua tej yam yooj yim thiab complex pawg. Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov yooj yim lipid muaj xws li dej cawv thiab fatty acids, thiab complex muaj siab molecular yuag Cheebtsam. Ob leeg yog txuam nrog rau lom week, muaj ib cov nyhuv rau lub active enzymes, thiab kuj koom nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm paj impulses uas kov nqaij contraction.

Nqaijrog thiab hydrophobia

Ib tug ntawm cov kev khiav dej num ntawm lipids yog cov creation ntawm ib tug muaj zog cia ntawm tus kab mob thiab los xyuas kom meej water- repelling thaj chaw ntawm daim tawv nqaij, ua ke nrog thermal rwb thaiv tsev tiv thaiv. Ib txhia muaj roj-muaj tshuaj, tsis muaj fatty acids, kuj raug xa mus rau lipids, piv txwv li, nws sterols thiab terpenes. Lipids yuav tsis yuav tsum tau raug mus rau lub aqueous nruab nrab, tab sis yaj nkag nyob rau hauv cov organic kua xws li chloroform, benzene, acetone.

Lipids, qhov kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov uas yog nyob tsis tseg ntawm thoob ntiaj teb seminars nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov tshiab discoveries, yog inexhaustible npe rau txoj kev kawm thiab kev tshawb fawb. Cov lus nug "Lipids - yog dab tsi?" Nws yeej tsis loses nws qhov tseeb. Txawm li cas los, kev kawm tsis sawv tseem. Tsis ntev los no qhia ob peb tshiab fatty acids, uas yog biosynthetic kev sib raug zoo nrog lipids. Ib suam ntawm organic tebchaw tej zaum yuav tsis yooj yim vim hais tias ntawm kev zoo sib thooj ntawm tej yam ntxwv, tab sis nrog ib tug tseem ceeb sib txawv nyob rau hauv lub lwm yam tsis. Nyob rau hauv feem ntau, nws yog tsim ib daim pab pawg neeg, thiab ces recovering zuag qhia tag nrho duab harmonious sis hais txog tshuaj.

cell week

Lipids - dab tsi nws yog nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm tej lub hom phiaj? Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lawv yog ib tug tseem ceeb ntawm nyob hlwb thiab cov nqaij mos ntawm vertebrates. Feem ntau cov dab nyob rau hauv lub cev tshwm sim nrog kev koom tes los ntawm lipids, tsim los ntawm cov cell week, interconnection thiab pauv ntawm Pib ntsais koj teeb nyob rau hauv lub extracellular ib puag ncig, tsis dispense nrog lub fatty acids.

Lipids - dab tsi nws yog, thaum saib los ntawm txoj hauj lwm ntawm nthawv tshwm sim steroid lawm, thiab phosphoinositide prostaglandins? Qhov no, saum toj no tag nrho, ntawm lub xub ntiag nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntshav ntawm nyeem fatty acids, uas yog, los ntawm txhais, yog cais Cheebtsam ntawm lub lipid lug. Vim lub hydrophobic thaj chaw ntawm lub caij nyoog kawg no lub cev yog yuam kom ua lawv feem ntau complex tsheb thauj mus los system. Fatty acid lipids mas kis rau complex nrog albumin thiab lipoproteins uas yog soluble nyob rau hauv dej, yog thauj nyob rau hauv lub niaj zaus txoj kev.

kev faib ntawm lipids

Faib tebchaw nrog ib tug lom xwm, los ntawm qeb - tus txheej txheem no yog txuam nrog ib co ntawm cov teeb meem nyob rau hauv tsis sib haum. Lipids nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog biochemical thiab structural zog yuav raug muab tso sib npaug rau nyias pawg. Basic cov chav kawm ntawm lipids muaj xws li tej yam yooj yim thiab complex tebchaw.

Los ntawm tsuas muaj xws li:

• Glycerides - lub glycerol esters cawv thiab fatty acids ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws qeb.
• Waxes - ntau dua fatty acid ester thiab 2-atom haus dej cawv.

Complex lipids:

• Phospholipid tebchaw - nrog xam nrog ntawm lub nitrogen Cheebtsam, glycerophospholipids, ofingolipidy.
• Glycolipids - nyob rau hauv lub txheej khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov lom kab mob.
• Yuam - heev active tshuaj ntawm cov tsiaj spectrum.
• Complex rog - sterols, lipoproteins, sulfolipids, aminolipids, glycerol, hydrocarbons.

tau hauj lwm

Lipid rog pab raws li cov ntaub ntawv uas rau cell week. Muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv thauj ntawm ntau yam tshuaj rau lub periphery ntawm lub cev. Ntawm lub cev muaj roj raws li lipid qauv yuav pab tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm hypothermia. Muaj cov kev ua ntawm lub zog savings "nyob rau hauv cia".

Rog reserves yog feeb meej nyob rau hauv lub cell cytoplasm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov mob. Vertebrates, thiab tus txiv neej nyob rau hauv particular, muaj kev tshwj xeeb hlwb - adipocytes, uas yog tau muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov rog. Tso roj txuam nrog nyob rau hauv adipocytes yog vim lipoid enzymes.

lom zog

Rog tsis yog tsuas yog ib tug txhim khu kev qha qhov chaw ntawm lub zog, nws kuj muaj insulating zog, aided los ntawm biology. Lub lipids li tso cai rau kom tau ob peb pab nta xws li ib tug natural txias ntawm lub cev los yog, conversely, nws rwb thaiv tsev. Nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb cheeb tsam, yog yus muaj los ntawm tsawg kub, tag nrho cov tsiaj noog roj uas yog tso tag nrho cov thoob lub cev tusyees, yog li tsim ib yam kev tiv thaiv txheej uas ua cov kev ua ntawm thermal tiv thaiv. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov loj marine tsiaj: whales, walruses, cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj.

Tsiaj txhu uas nyob hauv kub lub teb chaws, kuj noog lub cev muaj roj, tab sis lawv tsis muab faib thoob plaws hauv lub cev, thiab cov concentrated nyob rau hauv tej qhov chaw. Piv txwv li, lub roj ntxhuav yuav nyob rau hauv lub humps, tsiaj nyob rau hauv cov suab puam - nyob rau hauv tuab, luv luv tus Tsov tus tw. Xwm yog ceev faj thiab kom qhov chaw kawm ntawv uas muaj roj thiab dej nyob rau hauv uas muaj sia nyob.

Tus qauv muaj nuj nqi ntawm lipids

Tag nrho cov dab muaj feem xyuam rau cov hauj lwm ntawm lub cev, kev kawm mus rau tej yam kev cai. Phospholipids yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub lom txheej ntawm cell week thiab roj uas txhaws taus regulates lub fluidity ntawm cov week. Yog li, feem ntau ntawm cov nyob hlwb yog surrounded los ntawm ib tug ntshav membrane nrog ib tug muab ob npaug rau txheej ntawm lipids. Tej concentration yog qhov tseem ceeb rau tej cell kev ua si. Nyob rau hauv ib yam ntawm cov lom membrane microparticle muaj ntau tshaj ib vam ntawm lipid molecules uas muaj dual yam ntxwv: lawv yog cov tag nrho ob qho hydrophobic thiab hydrophilic. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, cov no yog cov nrog kom thaj chaw ntawm nonequilibrium xwm, thiab yog li ntawd lawv functionality yog heev zajlus kom. Lub lipids nyob rau hauv lub cell - yog ib qho zoo tej yam ntuj tso kev tswj. Lub hydrophobic txheej yog feem ntau yeej los ntawm cell daim nyias nyias thiab tiv thaiv lub nkag mus ntawm cov teeb meem ions.

Glycerophospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol kuj pab mus rau impermeability ntawm lub hlwb. Cov ntaub lug nyob lwm membrane lipids, sphingomyelin thiab yog sfingoglikolipid. Txhua yam khoom uas muaj ib txog kev ua.

Lipids nyob rau hauv tus tib neeg lub noj cov zaub mov

Triglycerides - cov rog nruab nrab cim, yog ib qho zoo chaw ntawm lub zog. Nyeem fatty acids muaj ib tug nqaij thiab khoom noj siv mis. Ib tug fatty acid, tab sis unsaturated pom nyob rau hauv neeg rau, paj noob hlis thiab txiv roj roj, pob kws muaj noob thiab nplej. Yog li ntawd hais tias lub cev tsis tsa cov roj ntau ntau, nws yog pom zoo txhua hnub coob ntawm cov tsiaj nqaijrog yog tsuas yog siv mus rau 10 feem pua.

Lipids, thiab carbohydrates

Muaj ntau cov tsiaj muaj tus kab mob "pawg" rog nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus, cov subcutaneous cov ntaub so ntswg, nyob rau hauv lub folds ntawm daim tawv nqaij, thiab lwm qhov chaw. Oxidation ntawm lipids xws roj qeeb, thiab yog li ntawd tus txheej txheem ntawm lawv transformation mus rau hauv cov pa roj carbon dioxide thiab dej tso cai rau kom muab tau ib tug tseem ceeb npaum li cas ntawm lub zog yog yuav luag ob lub sij hawm ntau tshaj yuav muab carbohydrates. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub hydrophobic thaj chaw ntawm roj tshem tawm qhov xav tau ntawm kev siv ib tug loj kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm cov dej los txhawb kom co. Nruab hnub nrig muaj roj theem no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub zog "qhuav." Txawm li cas los yam muaj ntau npaum li cas qeeb qeeb nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub zog tso, thiab muaj ntau suited rau tsiaj nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev ntawm hibernation. Lipids thiab carbohydrates xws li Nkij los txuam rau txhua lwm yam nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kab.