Leej twg yog spravschik? Qhov no yog ib tug tshwj xeeb txoj hauj lwm nyob rau Printing lub tsev

Cov me nyuam cov ntaub ntawv pib nws txoj kev loj hlob raws li ib tug neeg sab nraud cov kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv lub XVII caug xyoo. Nws tsim yog spravschik Savvaty, Carion Istomin thiab Simeon ntawm Polotsk. Leej twg yog cov neeg no? Yuav ua li cas ua rau lawv ua txawj ua hauj lwm? Xav txog piv txwv li cov kws sau paj lug Savvatii.

Leej twg yog spravschik

Tus txiv neej no, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub XVII xyoo pua, luag hauj lwm heev txoj hauj lwm nyob rau Moscow printing tsev. Nws yuav tsum tau muab tsa tsuas yog tus muaj koob muaj npe tus neeg. Thiab rau cov uas nws yuav tsum tau muaj ib tug zoo kev kawm ntawv thiab ib tug neeg ncaj lub koob npe nrov. Ib tug neeg ua ntawv thov rau spravschika, tas yuav tsum tau yuav paub nyob rau hauv lub siab strata ntawm cov haiv neeg, raws li zoo raws li lub cij rau hauv lub voj voog ntawm cov muaj koob muaj npe tsev neeg.

Tag nrho cov uas tau teev tseg yam ntxwv muaj spravschik Savvaty. Tus thawj cov me nyuam kws sau paj lug tshuav ib tug luv luv piav qhia ntawm nws biography nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej sau.

biographical ntaub ntawv

Kev tshawb fawb ua los ntawm sau ntawv, muab vim li cas rau pov plob hais tias Savvaty muaj ib tug tus poj niam thiab cov me nyuam. Tab sis ib yam ntawm lub kev mob kev nkeeg uas feem ntau raged nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe thiab nyob rau hauv Russia, nws poob nws tsev neeg.

Tseeb qhia tias Savvaty los ua ib tug haujsam tom qab lub tu siab cov txheej xwm. Nws pib mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Kremlin nyob rau hauv ib tug lub tsev hais plaub ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj. Cia li ces muaj nws acquaintance thiab los ze zog ties nrog cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe tsev neeg.

Teem sij hawm mus ua hauj lwm

Educated txiv neej twb pom tsis tau tsuas yog huab tais, tab sis muaj ntau nobles ntawm lub sij hawm. Patriarch Filaret tus kheej pom zoo ib tug haujsam mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub printing tsev, qhov chaw uas nws tau raug tsa, uas hu ua spravschik. Qhov no tau qhib li tshiab lub caij rau cov Sabbatius.

Nws los ua kev koom tes nyob rau hauv kev kawm. Muaj pov thawj hais tias nws muaj ib tug lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob qhov twg cov me nyuam tau qhia nobles tau qhib. Qhia nyob rau hauv tsev thiab twb tsis cais los ntawm cov kev xyaum ntawm cov kawm.

Qhia cov me nyuam Savvaty to taub hais tias nyob rau hauv lub arsenal ntawm cov xib fwb nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm muaj me ntsis tshwj xeeb ntaub ntawv, uas yuav pab tau nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam, nws qhia tej ntsiab cai ntawm science. Spravschik qhov teeb meem sim mus kho, muaj tau koom nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv ntawm cov me nyuam kwv huam. Ntawm nees nkaum-paub tej hauj lwm ntawm lub kws sau paj lug kaum ib tshwj xeeb sau rau cov hluas tiam. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog muab tso rau hauv nyeem cov phau ntawv, uas yog luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub Moscow printing tsev nyob rau hauv 1634. Peb xyoos tom qab, lub phau ntawv twb reissued. Nws yog nyob rau hauv no tsab ntawm phau ntawv los zaum sab cov me nyuam kwv huam uas sau spravschik. Qhov no yog ib qhov zoo, ib tug ntau yam, ib qho yooj yim rau cov me nyuam txoj kev xaav ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm. Qhov no txaus siab mus rau tus me nyuam yog ib tug novelty nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem. Sabbatius kwv huam tau tam sim ntawd pom thiab menyuam los ntawm critics.

Kawm ntawm cov me nyuam tej hauj lwm

Niaj hnub no lub farewell lus ntawm tus neeg sau ntawm cov phau ntawv los yog phau ntawv no tsis yog rau tus nyeem ntawv ib yam dab tsi txawv txawv. Tab sis nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm cov XVII xyoo pua, tus neeg sau ntawm xws kev kho mob yog ib tug tiag tiag novelty. Nws yog ib tug paj huam sau Savvaty rau lawv cov tub ntxhais txawj nyeem ntawv. Cov khoom tau raug muab tso rau thaum pib ntawm phau ntawv, tsim los rau kev kawm nyeem ntawv. Nyob rau hauv nws tus sau cuabyeej me nyuam txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kawm ntawv tau txais los ntawm lawv. Nws hu zog ua hauj lwm thiab muab piv nws kev tshawb fawb nrog qhov no yooj yim ua hauj lwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, ob peb lub sij hawm tus neeg sau pib sib tham txog qhov yuav tsum tau rau kev hwm rau cov mentors muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cov kev cob qhia thiab kev kawm ntawv ntawm cov me nyuam.

Spravschik Savvaty nyob rau hauv lwm zaj paj huam nws mus tham frankly nrog ib tug me nyuam uas yog muaj lub peev xwm ntawm txoj kev kawm, tab sis heev tub nkeeg. Educational cuab tam tus sau xaiv tsis mus kev hem thawj thiab muaj lub siab mus nrog ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv lub cev, thiab txoj kev ntseeg.
Nyob rau hauv lwm ua hauj lwm cov kws sau paj lug qhia tau hais tias cov tib neeg kawm ntawv, tab sis hloov lawv tus yam ntxwv ntawm txoj kev kawm. Tus sau pom lus qhuas rau tus menyuam kawm ntawv. Ntawm txawj pab kiag li lawm Savvaty siv tiag tiag li similes, kev fab ntxeev, ua cov lus tseeb thiab tsim nyog nco tej hauj lwm.