Kuaj ntshav: LYM seev suab nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam (ib tug cai)

Nrog lub advent ntawm ib tug me nyuam los ntawm lawv niam lawv txiv, muaj ntau ntau yam zoo kawg nkaus thiab unforgettable moments. Tus thawj luag, thawj lo lus, thawj kauj ruam. Tag nrho cov tau me nyuam yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau nws niam nws txiv. Niam thiab Txiv tseem tabtom muab koj tus me nyuam rau qhov zoo xwb thiab tiv thaiv nws los ntawm tag nrho cov hom ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Tab sis, txawm rau kev sib tw thiab saib xyuas kho mob, tus me nyuam yuav muaj mob muaj nkeeg.

Uas tiv thaiv tus me nyuam los ntawm kev mob nkeeg?

Tau mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm tus menyuam tsis taus ib puag ncig ntawm lub plab, tus me nyuam ntsib nrog heev heev microbial ntiaj teb no.

Nws paub nrog lub me tshaj cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub neej cov ntaub ntawv yuav pib nrog thawj ua tsis taus pa. Rau menyuam tsis taus kab mob kas txhua txhua kab yog ib tug kev hem thawj. Tab sis, qhov zoo ces, xwm tau coj kev kho mob ntawm cov tsis paub pab beings, awarding nws cov haib tiv thaiv - tiv thaiv. Lub cev ntawm tus me nyuam mos yog lig nyob rau ntawm nws niam. Nws yog leej niam yog tau muab rau hauv lub cev ib tug haib tiv thaiv ntawm tus me nyuam nrog rau cov thawj ncos ntawm cov mis nyuj. Yog li ntawd xwm npaj, thiab qhov zoo tshaj plaws tsis muaj ib tug yuav xav seb los yog txua.

Tab sis tus me nyuam yog tsis muaj peev xwm mus tiv tag nrho cov kab mob uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nws lub neej. Raws li ib tug ntawm xws li ib tug lub rooj sib tham - tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob. Thaum nrhiav kom tau ntawm ib tug me nyuam txoj kev mob, peb hasten yuav ntsib ib tug kws - cov menyuam yaus. Ua tib zoo tshawb xyuas koj tus me nyuam, tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo kom rau ib tug ua tiav daim duab ntawm ib tug mus kuaj ntshav.

Yuav ua li cas yog tau qhia rau cov ntshav mus kuaj?

Sau kom tiav cov ntshav tsom xam yuav qhia tau ntau yam txog cov physiological mob ntawm tus me nyuam thaum lub caij. Kuaj ntshav, seev suab, LYM - tag nrho cov ntsiab lus yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov kws kho mob. Rau qhov ntsuas no, tus kws kho mob yuav txiav txim rau lub xeev ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm koj tus me nyuam.

Yuav ua li cas kuaj ntshav, LYM, nws yog dab tsi thiab vim li cas koj yuav tsum? Yog li ntawd, koj muaj ib daim ntawv teev nrog ib tug ntau ntawm ruam rau qhov nruab nrab neeg cov cim thiab tus xov tooj. To taub lawv tsuas los ntawm ib tug kws kho mob tshwj xeeb. Tab sis to taub ib yam dab tsi vim ib tug neeg tsis muaj kev kawm ntawv. Piv txwv li, dab tsi yog qhov LYM? Analysis ntawm cov ntshav, seev suab uas yog muab hauv qab no yuav pab kom to taub lub intricacies ntawm kev kho mob cov lus.

Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv nrog rau cov kev tshwm sim ntawm tag nrho cov ntshav count muaj xws li nram qab no lub ntsiab ntsiab lus:

• HB - hemoglobin. Qhov no xam pom tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb protein nyob rau hauv cov ntshav, uas yog cov cab kuj ntawm cov pa nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev.
• Ht - Hematocrit. Tus nqi ntawm qhov ntsuas no qhia tau hais tias tus piv ntawm cov ntshav mus ntshav.
• RBC - ntshav liab. Qhov no txoj hauj lwm yog zoo yam rau tus nqi ntawm hemoglobin, raws li nws erythrocytes - ntshav liab - yog muaj ntawm no tseem ceeb protein.
• CPU - xim index. Nws qhia tus piv ntawm hemoglobin index rau tus nqi ntawm cov ntshav liab.
• WBC - ntshav dawb. Qhov no tus cwj pwm hais tias ntau npaum li cas txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub cev lub luag hauj lwm rau lub confrontation ntawm tus kab mob mus rau ntau yam kab mob.
• Neu - qe. Qhov no ntsuas muab cov lus qhia txog lub hlwb ntawm innate kev tiv thaiv, uas nws ua hauj lwm yog yuav nqus thiab neutralize txawv teb chaws lub cev thiab tus kab mob no.
• EOS - eosinophils. Cov hlwb kuj tsis yog-kev tiv thaiv ntawm tus txiv neej, uas manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv cov ua xua thiab cab kab mob.
• LYM - lymphocytes. Qhov no txoj hauj lwm qhia txog lub xeev ntawm kev tiv thaiv thiab tuab lub inflammatory dab nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev. Rau cov kws txawj kawm kev kuaj ntshav, seev suab LYM yog xwm heev.
• PLT - platelets. Cov tshwj xeeb corpuscles yog lub luag hauj lwm rau cov ntshav txhaws thiab yog adsorbed nyob rau remnants ntawm pov tseg tiv thaiv kab mob sib txuas.
• ESR - erythrocyte sedimentation tus nqi. Tus nqi ntawm no parameter qhia tus kws kho mob txog cov muaj nyob rau hauv lub cev o los yog lwm yam pathological cov kab mob.

Ib sab cov nuj nqis yog tshaaj tau kuaj qhov tseem ceeb thiab kev txwv qhov tseem ceeb. Hais tias yog dab tsi zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muaj ib tug mus kuaj ntshav. Deciphering lub LYM nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam nqa tawm nyob rau hauv raws li cov hnub nyoog ntawm cov me nyuam. Standard ntsuas hloov raws li lawv loj hlob laus koj tus me nyuam.

Yuav ua li cas yog lymphocytes?

Yuav ua li cas qhia rau peb cov mysterious acronym LYM? Ib tug ntshav kuaj, uas tseem ceeb muaj koj paub, cov ntsiab lus rau cov ntshav kev hais - lymphocytes.

Lymphocytes yog ntshav, yog ib feem ntawm lub cev ntawm ib tug neeg. Qhov no pab pawg neeg agranulocytes, ib hom qe ntshav dawb hlwb, uas yog hu ua "cov ntshav dawb". B lymphocytes paub tab muaj xws li cov nram qab no cov khoom:

• Muab kev tiv thaiv los yog humoral antibody teb.
• Kev Tiv Tauj lub hlwb - tus neeg uas raug. Nws muab kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv cov cellular theem.
• Kev ua ub no rau kev tswj ntawm lwm cov cell hom.

Lub cev tus nqi ntawm lymphocytes nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam yog 30 - 70% (nyob ntawm seb muaj hnub nyoog). Tab sis cov ntshav muaj tsawg tshaj li 2% ntawm tag nrho cov ntshav dawb, li ntawd, tus so ntawm lawv dispersed thoob plaws lub cev thiab yog stationed nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg. Kuaj ntshav xyuas tus kws kho mob txiav txim lub normality ntawm lymphocytes nyob rau hauv lub cev. Rau nws tseem ceeb LYM index (ntshav kuaj). Txiav suab ntawm cov (lub cai no kuj muaj nyob muaj) tag nrho qhia. Ib txoj kev mob nyob rau hauv uas lub xov tooj tshaj lub cai, yog hu ua lymphocytosis. Yog hais tias lawv cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no yog cov kev txwv, ces nws yog hu ua leukopenia.

Ib cim feature yog lub peev xwm ntawm cov ntshav dawb paub antigens. Lymphocytes yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov nram no lub nruab nrog tib neeg lub cev: lub tonsils, cov qog ntshav hauv, tus po, Peyer lub thaj ua rau thaj, hloov hlwb pob txha, thiab lub appendix. Nyob rau hauv so hlwb yog me me hlwb uas tsaus nti kob tub ntxhais. Cov tub ntxhais muaj ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm chromatin thiab me ntsis cytoplasm mitochondria nyob rau hauv tawg daim ntawv. Yog hais tias peb kos cov morphology ntawm lymphocytes, tus ob hom yuav ua tau distinguished:

• Loj granular cell hom (feem ntau yog NK-hlwb, tsis tshua - immunoblast thiab lymphoblasts nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev ntawm division).
• Me hlwb (T thiab B-lymphocytes).

Raws li cov kev khiav dej num uas khiav lag luam lymphocytes nyob rau hauv lub cev, lawv muab faib ua peb loj hom: B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes thiab NK-hlwb.

B-lymphocytes

B hlwb - yog hlwb uas yuav tau paub txog hostile qauv los yog antigens. Nyob rau hauv lub teb, lawv tsim tshwj xeeb molecules ntawm protein xwm - tshuaj.

Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov B-lymphocytes hloov txog 10-20% ntawm tej hlwb. Lub feature ntawm cov lug yog nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm kev sib cuag nrog ib tug txawv teb chaws neeg sawv cev, seb nws yog ib tug kab mob, ib tug kab mob los yog ib tug tshuaj compound, formulation thiab nws cov cim mechanism ntawm neutralization. Thaum cov hlwb ciaj sia, lawv khaws cov mas yuav kis tau nco. lawv kuj tau mus rau kis cov ntaub ntawv no rau tus tshiab tsim B-lymphocytes. Nws yog los ntawm cov hlwb yog tau zoo nqa tawm hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.

T lymphocytes

T - lymphocytes yog peculiar regulators ntawm kev tiv thaiv. Lawv cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv cov ntshav - 60-85% ntawm tag nrho cov lymphocytes. Ib tug ntshav kuaj, LYM ntawv tseem ceeb yuav qhia raws nraim no hom ntawm lymphocyte. Precursors ntawm cov pab pawg ntawm lub hlwb nkag mus rau thymus los yog thymus, qhov twg tus txheej txheem ntawm lawv maturation. Uas yog vim li cas lawv yog hu ua T-lymphocytes. Cov hlwb raug muab faib ua ob peb hom:

• T-kev coj tus kheej lymphocytes CD4 marker. Lawv muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cov kev cai ntawm lub ntau yam txheej txheem ntawm B-lymphocytes thiab zus tau tej cov tshuaj.
• T lymphocytes, CD4 marker muaj. Cov corpuscles nkag mus rau hauv kev koom tes nrog phagocytes, thiab pab lawv mus neutralize cov kab mob hlwb. Ob pawg neeg ntawm cov CD4 marker muaj cov chav hauv ib chav kawm ntawv ntawm T pab hlwb.
• T-suppressor muaj peev xwm ntawm suppressing ib lub cev tsis teb los yog cytotoxic ntxim rau cov antigen los yog kev tso tawm ntawm cytokines los yog teeb liab muab negative kev cai.
• T-lymphocytes kev coj tus kheej lub CD8 marker, hu ua T-killers. Cov hlwb muaj peev xwm ntawm paub thiab kev rhuav tseg cov qauv kab mob cov kab mob thiab lwm yam intracellular pathogens.

Lub ntsiab functions ntawm T-lymphocytes nyob rau hauv tib neeg yog:

• Stimulating B lymphocytes rau proliferate thiab qha.
• Muaj peev xwm mus suppress lub cev teb.
• Lub antigenic tseem ntawm T-nws thiab T-killer hlwb.

NK-hlwb

NK - lymphocytes yog cov zoo tswj muaj nuj nqi ntawm tag nrho cov hlwb nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev. Lawv tau dab tsi rau 5-20% ntawm tag nrho cov lymphocytes.

Kev paub txog ib tug cell abnormality, NK - lymphocyte muaj peev xwm ntawm kev rhuav tseg nws. NK tsiaj ntawv es rau «Ntuj Killer» ( «ntuj killer"), uas qhia yuav ua li cas cov cellular substance. Nrhiav discrepancies nyob rau hauv lub cell marker, NK - lymphocyte tshem tawm nws, muab histological purity nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev. Nws txiav txim yog tswj mas thaum sib ntaus sib tua ua cancer hlav thiab lub hlwb hloov nrog cov kab mob.

Yog li, cov muaj kev kuaj ntshav (transcript LYM) yuav qhia rau tus kws kho mob txog tsis yog hais tias tus me nyuam lymphocyte cov ntsiab lus. Rau ntawm no theem, peb yuav tham txog dab tsi, kom los txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlwb nyob rau hauv cov ntshav. Tej lymphocyte cov ntsiab lus qhia rau hauv lub rooj.

Rooj ntawm kev ntsuas lymphocytes

Qhov tseem tuav kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm qhov ntsuas no yog ib tug ua kom tiav cov ntshav count (transcript LYM LY). Lymphocytes (cov nuj nqis muaj piv rau lub cai) yuav qhia txog cov txhawb los yog txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab nyob rau hauv cov ntshav.

Loj txheem ntawm lymphocytes (lymphocytosis)

Nws muaj ob hom ntawm lymphocytosis:

• Tus txheeb ze nce ntawm lymphocytes nyob rau hauv cov ntshav hais lus tsuas hais txog lub nce feem pua ntawm lub yav tas rau hauv tag nrho leucocyte suav. Tag nrho cov ntawm lymphocytes yog tsis muaj zog. Kuaj ntshav (transcript LYM) yuav taw tes rau lawv tus xov tooj. Tus txheeb ze leukocytosis cov yam ntxwv ntawm typhoid kub taub hau, mob khaub thuas, anemia Birmera, mob splenomegaly, aleukia, endocrine cov kab mob (Addison thiab Graves 'kab mob), ib txhia ntaub ntawv ntawm cov vitamin tsis muaj peev xwm, lub cev qaug, malnutrition, ib lub xeev tom qab prophylactic txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab thaum lub sij hawm rov qab tom qab mob kab mob.
• Lub meej nce nyob rau hauv lymphocytes yam ntxwv rau mob thiab benign syphilis tshua tom qab subcutaneous thawj coj ntawm epinephrine, benign tuberculosis, pertussis (nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog nrog leukocytosis), peptic angina, lymphatic leukemia.

Lub txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm lymphocytes (lymphocytopenia)

Lymphopenia los yog lymphocytopenia kuj muaj ob hom:

• Tus txheeb ze lymphopenia, tshwm sim nyob rau hauv feem ntau ntawm cov neeg mob, qhia nyob rau hauv tej lub feem pua ntawm cov lymphocytes nyob rau hauv lub leukocyte mis. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub meej lymphocyte count yuav ua tau li qub los yog txhawb. Qhov no tshwm sim yog ntse leukemic mieloza, leukocytosis (sepsis, lobar mob ntsws).
• Tsis leukopenia yog tsis tshua muaj. Nws yog raug rau mob kis tus kab mob nyob rau hauv ib tug loj heev daim ntawv. Piv txwv li, rau mob sepsis, qhua pias, sarcomas, qog tuberculosis, cancer. LYM (tiav ntshav suav, seev suab ntawm tag nrho cov indicators) yuav tsum paub cov kws txawj nyob rau hauv lub mob thiab ntxiv kev soj ntsuam ntawm tus neeg mob.

Kev sib tham txog dab tsi cov kws txawj uas yuav tsum tau?

Rau tswv yim thiab paub ntaub ntawv ntawm cov ntshav dawb suav txawv txav, yog mob yuav tau sib tham nrog ib tug hematologist tus kws kho mob phthisiatrician thiab Venereology. Heev tuav rau cov tub txawg CBC suab LYM (qhov no daim duab ntau zog los tsis) yuav pab kom cov tseeb mob. Thaum complex xeem thiab raws sij hawm kev kho mob yog ib txwm ib lub caij nyoog rau ib tug tag nrho rov qab los ntawm tus neeg mob.