Khoom Cartridges 12 caliber. Xovxwm suav cov khoom

Du-bore mus yos hav zoov ua tsov rog muaj leej twg paub lovers ntawm no hom ntawm taw tes nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm peb yuav kawm txog nyob rau hauv kom meej lub feem ntau rounds khoom 12 caliber haum rau nws. Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj muaj ib tug lb.av. lead (453.59 g), nws yuav tau muab cais mus rau hauv kaum ob muaj sib npaug daim. Ntawm lawv cam khwb cia rau hauv tib lub xov tooj ntawm zoo tib yam nyhav thiab diameters ntawm round cia nyias qhov. Eureka! Peb yuav tig 12 caliber bullets! Nco ntsoov tias lub puab inch ntawm qia channel phom zoo xws li cov hom ntais ntawv cov ciaj ciam ntawm cov hmoov txhuas hlaws.

Ceeb toom: nominal txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub phom chim 12 gauge yog 18.5 hli. Tab sis nws yog tseeb hais tias tam sim no qhov ntev ntawm tus raws los ntawm hais tias tshuam txawv. Cov kev txawv no twb vim qhov txawv nyob rau hauv hnyav ntawm ib phaus nyob rau hauv grams tshwm sim nyob rau hauv txawv xeev. Piv txwv li, Lavxias teb sab phaus sau raws nkaus Ii 409,512 g thiab Austrian - 560,01 g

Ib txhia caj npab manufacturers qhov tseem ceeb ris lub diameters kev ntsuas pib ntawm 18,2 rau 18,9 hli. Tula caj npab Hoobkas ua riam phom ntawm caliber 12 nrog ib lub cheeb ntawm 18.5 hli channel. Ib tug Izhevsk zoo kawg li cov neeg kho tshuab ua hauj lwm Hoobkas uas manufactures rau tag nrho phiaj kas tham nrog puab kab uas hla ntawm 18,4 hli (mus txog 1990 goda txoj kab uas hla tej kas tham ua nyob rau hauv no ntau lawm yog sib npaug zos rau 18,2 hli).

Rab phom tuam txhab uas muag nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Ltalis muab 12-gauge pub siv phom suab nrog tej kas tham, tus nqi ntawm cov uas yog sib npaug zos rau txoj kab uas hla ntawm 18.6 hli, US manufacturers - 18,9 hli, UK - 18,7 hli.

Raws li peb tau pom, 12 caliber bullets iav - ib tug heev yuav luag tsis paub ua hauj lwm, vim hais tias lub puab diameters ntawm qia channel riam phom sib txawv nyob ntawm seb tus qauv ntawm lub liner. Rau cov khoom uas ua los ntawm cov hlau, cov phab ntsa yog ntau thinner tshaj hais tias ntawm lub tib lub daim ntawv los yog yas kev xaiv. Uas yog vim li cas lub cev raws ua nyob rau hauv Papkova lub tes tsho muaj ib tug me me txoj kab uas hla nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog rau cov raws tsim los ntawm cov hlau. Nyob rau hauv kev, feem ntau versions ntawm lub tua tsiaj phom tsim los siv daim ntawv hnab twb qhib lawm.

12 caliber munitions

Rau ntau lengths ntawm tes tsho ua nram qab no caliber 12 cartridges:

• warhead nrog 65 hli ntev ntawm lub lub tes tsho;
• warhead tsim rau ib tug tes tsho ntawm 70 mm;
• warhead Magnum (tes tsho ntev ntawm 76 hli);
• cartridge Super Magnum (tes tsho ntev 89 hli).

12 caliber cartridges yog txwv kom muab zais raws li lub hom xwb:

• grapeshot;
• shotgun;
• mos txwv.

Warheads predetermined txoj kab uas hla kuj sib txawv raws li hauv daim ntawv thov. distinguished:

• kev yos hav zoov;
• kev poob plig;
• kev ua si;
• teeb liab warheads.

MEC 600 tshuab

Cia saib xovxwm khoom MEC 600 Jr. cartridges - lub feem ntau nrov nruab nrab-chav kawm ntawv ntaus ntawv.

Cov khoom no yog tsim rau cov neeg uas xav kom muaj ib tug uas tsis muaj nqi tshuab, tsis siv zog rau tag nrho cov automation ntawm tus txheej txheem, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyhav kom tau ib tug zoo meej tshwm sim. Ntawm no yog lub txheem yog tsis enabled pib feeder lub kaus mom, tiam sis nws tsis muaj nqi. Nws yuav tsum tau muas nyias thiab ntsia rau hauv xovxwm. Nco ntsoov tias qhov no yog qhov uas pheej yig tshaj rau tag nrho cov tshuab tej cuab yeej ntawm nov li.

Khoom mos txwv nyob rau hauv lub tsev raug xa mus rau raws li "txoj hauj lwm rau lub mob siab." Yog li ntawd, feem ntau cov artisans xav no tshuab - lub hauv paus ntawm cov kev qhia tswj nyob rau hauv tus qauv nab npawb ntawm tus MEC. Mon 600 raws li tag nrho cov lwm cov khoom xa mus rau lub tuam txhab, tsim los ntawm cov hlau. Nws yog txawm peem rau nrog haib qauv, ntev operating zog nrog ib tug xis tuav, high-qib adjustable nozzles.

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, xovxwm ntxiv 600 yog tsim kom txhua lub lag luam yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv nws muaj, nws tus kheej rau lwm tus. Ib tug dog dig neeg siv yuav equip, piv txwv li, 12 caliber cartridges, ntaus ntawv no yog heev tsim nyog, vim hais tias lub siab tshaj plaws efficiency ntawm tus dais Mon 600 yog kwv yees li 250 warheads ib teev. Tsis tas li ntawd, masters yuav equip lawv lub tes tsho txoj kab uas hla 76 thiab 70 mm. Lub apparatus yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug qhov siab adjustable Sau nplhaib npaj rau crimping hlau puag raug rho tawm haujlwm cartridge.

Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug tus lub khob hliav qab yooj yim dov yuav nqa tawm. Tshuab rau cartridges caliber khoom, tshem tawm cov raug rho tawm haujlwm primer thiab presses lub tshiab ntsuas lub txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv thiab gunpowder, lub tes tsho npog rau los yog yim rays.

Tshuab Lee Thauj Tag nrho 2

Qhov no ntaus ntawv tawm rau warheads 12 thiab 20 gauge. Lawv yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm cov mos txwv cov khoom rau tag nrho phiaj. Qhov no ntaus ntawv ua raws li nram no ua hauj lwm:

• yog extruded thiab cov raug rho tawm haujlwm presses lub kaus mom;
• calibrates cov hlau tes tsho lub taub hau;
• reload cartridges nyob rau hauv lub siv, thiab ib tug tshiab lub tes tsho;
• pyzhuet cartridges;
• presses lub tes tsho muaj tus cim;
• 60-100 warheads tau them ib teev.

Tus ntaus ntawv muaj dispensers ntawm hmoov cov zauv feem thiab ib co ntawm cov plugs (24 daim).

Twists on-rooj

Tam sim no xav txog lub kiv board, equip ammo 12 caliber. Nws enshrines txhaj tshuaj wad, dov free ntug Dultsev yas los yog ntawv tes tsho.

Tus ntaus ntawv yog txuas mus rau lub bracket rooj. Ntxiv ntug warhead yog muab tso rau ntawm tus tuag thiab lub washer (dulcitol lub matrix, thiab mus rau lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws taub hau). Ces, kho teebmeem kev kos chuck yos hav zoov kov spins lub tes tsho ntug. Nws yog noteworthy uas nyob rau ntawm tib lub sij hawm nws sab laug tes nws presses lub warhead rooj noj caj npab. Thiab tus neeg tua tsiaj yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav ntau heev siab rau nws, txwv tsis pub nws yuav lwj lub ntug ntawm lub lub tes tsho.

Interestingly, lub twist board muaj kev kawm zoo tshaj rau cov phau ntawv, raws li lawv muaj ntau nyiam siv. Cov pab kiag li lawm yog screwed ntug Dultsev smoother thiab firmer.

Khoom warheads nyob rau hauv tsev

Khoom 12 caliber cartridges nyob rau hauv ib tug domestic puag ncig tsis tau hu ua super nyuab tshaj plaws, tshwj tsis yog tias, ntawm chav kawm, kom ua raws li kev ruaj ntseg cov kev cai. Yog, nyob rau hauv tus, tej cartridge yog ib qho yooj yim mus equip lub tsev: nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau attentive thiab ceev faj. Cov txheej txheem yam cov nyiaj thiab pab craftsmen ua tib zoo xyuas ballistics paub tab thaum tawm ntawm shotgun shooting. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias shooter tau txais ntau Library thaum yos hav zoov rau tsiaj qus ua si nrog warheads ntawm nws tus kheej lawm.

Cov neeg uas xav nyob rau hauv domestic khoom 12 caliber bullets, uas xav mus kawm no txawv txawv khoom siv tes ua tsum tau muas (yog nws tus kheej ua) cov li nram qab no:

• tes taw hnyav li ntawm 0.01 mus rau 20 g, thiab dos rau weighing lub hmoov thiab txhaj tshuaj zoo li;
• Lub khob hliav qab rau wires cov npoo ntawm siv cartridges, ib tug ntaus ntawv rau lub duav hom warheads khoom los yog "Barkalay";
• ntsuas rau batches ntawm hmoov thiab txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv;
• funnel rau sau casings thiab hmoov feem, wads rau tej;
• twist, zavaltsovyvayuschaya tes tsho;
• calibration ntug warheads los yog siv cartridges yuav tsum muaj ib tug koob qhia hais tias lub nplhaib;
• xav tau rau hnab twb qhib lawm sawv: txhua rau tsib caug grand.

Muaj ntau ntawm cov pab kiag li lawm uas muaj npe saum toj no tej zaum yuav mus yuav nyob rau hauv khw muag khoom noj muab cov khoom rau kev yos hav zoov, thiab ib co - ua lawv tus kheej txhais tes.

Ntawm kev muag khoom koj yuav nrhiav tau cov kev ntsuam weighting rau dub hmoov thiab txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv. Tiam sis muaj ntau zoov rau ntau npaum ntawm gunpowder "Liaj" (smokeless) ua ob peb yardsticks los ntawm txhais tes. Lawv ua rau lawv los ntawm yas raj mis kaus mom: tus txheej npoo yog txiav thiab txuas mus rau lub kov ntawm lub bedplate.

Ces otkalibrovyvayut ntsuam nyob rau hauv cov qauv "Liaj" gunpowder. Ua li no, coj nws Desired qhov ceeb thawj thiab poured los ntawm ib tug funnel mus rau hauv lub tawb. Tom ntej no, dlhos cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw thiab muab sau cov theem. Tom qab no txiav ntug ntsuam, ua tau zoo ntawm 1 hli saum toj no lub cim, raws li scooping hmoov los ntawm lub khob, nrees muab nws yog tsis yooj yim sua, li ntawd nws yog lawm ua tus sau tsuas yog los ntawm cov funnel.

Kauj ruam yog kauj ruam qhia

Yog li ntawd, peb tseem kawm ntxiv yuav ua li cas rau equip ammo 12 caliber. Merck check uas daus hmoov. Thaum ntsuas zoo ntais ntawv cov npaj them nyiaj hnyav, no qhov ceeb thawj yog xaiv nyob rau hauv nws kov.

Incidentally, ib tug funnel rau filling ntawm casings sib raug zoo ntawv, yas los yog ua los ntawm ib tug metallic nyias daim ntawv. Lub khob hliav qab, uas ncaj Dultsev siv cartridges, los yog machined los ntawm khoom ntoo los sis hlau.

Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, cov khoom nrog buckshot cartridges 12 caliber muaj cov nram qab no cov kauj ruam.

1. Hunter cia lub raug rho tawm haujlwm primers rau rov qab siv lub cartridges.
2. Nws scans, xaiv thiab npaj liner rau cov khoom siv.
3. Ntxiv nias rau hauv tsiav tshuaj.
4. Hunter tiv kev txom nyem thiab taub txua nqi ntawm gunpowder thiab pw tsaug zog nyob rau hauv lawv cov tes tsho.
5. Tom qab ntawd nws nyob hauv lub wads nyob rau hauv cov hmoov.
6. Tiv kev txom nyem los yog taub txua txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv tus neeg zoo li. Tsaug Zog nyob rau hauv lawv tes tsho.
7. Tom qab ntawd nws nyob hauv lub shotgun wads.
8. Cov no yog cov ces kom ruaj.
9. Sau tias cartridges.

cartridge mob

Peb cia siab tias peb cov nyeem yuav muaj kev zoo siab mus kawm cov khoom 12 caliber: lub tshuab thiab lwm yam ntsiab tsim nyog rau xws li ib tug loj heev kev. Koj puas paub hais tias cov siv cartridges craftsmen them ib tug ntau ntawm cov xim? Ua li cas nws muaj? Yog hais tias lub tes tsho muaj ib tug longitudinal keej los yog so, nws yog muab tso tseg. Yog hais tias ib tug neeg yos hav yuav nrhiav tau cov khoom no dua dulcitol los yog tsis muaj zog txaus lub qhov nyob rau hauv lub hau, transverse kab nrib pleb tsim raws qaum ntug ntawm cov hlau bottoms, nws tsis siv nws. Tsis tas li ntawd xam tau tias yog sib yuav khoom muaj burnouts, delamination thiab lub zos o phab ntsa ntawv.

Yog hais tias lub liner tearing dulcitol, thiab lwm yam tsis xws luag muaj nyob, nws yuav siv tau rau khaub-ncaws nyias nqi. Tab sis nws yuav tsum tau shortened los ntawm 7 hli.

Yog hais tias lub phuam lub tes tsho, lawv yog qhuav nyob rau hauv lub qhov cub los yog nyob rau hauv lwm yam kev. Qhov no yuav txo nws txoj kab uas hla: cov khoom yuav nkag mus rau dawb do rau hauv lub chamber riam phom. Ib tug qhuav hmoov cartridges yuav ua tau ib tug heev lub sij hawm ntev kom muaj nws sib ntaus sib tua zog.

Nyob rau hauv lub siv los yog daim ntawv raj khoom mus yos hav zoov uas conical pravilkoy Ncaj dulcitol. Yog hais tias daim ntawv khoom yog tsis muaj zog txaus lub zog, koj yuav restore nws, soaking cov khoom melted paraffin los yog ciab. Nyob rau hauv essence, iav kev yos hav zoov cartridges yuav tsum tau rau lub koom haum ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm, muab cov muaj peev xwm ua tau tag nrho cov ua hauj lwm.

sau nrog cov hmoov

Pom zoo nrog buckshot mos txwv cov khoom (12 caliber riam phom zoo li) yog ib co entertaining yi. Peb mus txuas ntxiv kom to taub txog qhov no complex txheej txheem thiab xav txog ib theem zuj zus ntawm kev ua los ntawm sau tus hmoov nyob rau hauv lub cartridge. Npaj rau equip lub tes tsho yog ntsia tau rau hauv lub menyuam txaj nyob rau sab laug sab ntawm lub wizard. Nyob rau hauv txhua tus ntawm lawv nias rau hauv tsiav tshuaj. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tias cov tshuaj ntsiav nkag mus hauv lub zes tsis distortions, nruj. Yog hais tias nws yog muab tso rau muaj dawb do, lub tes tsho yuav tsum muab pov tseg.

Tom ntej no npaj cov khoom muab tso rau hauv ib qho kev npliag muag zaub nyob rau sab xis nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm. Tab sis yog hais tias tus box yog tshuav ib tug tej yam muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm tsiav tshuaj, nws yuav raug xa mus rau mus tas li cia. Tom qab ntawd ruaj khov puag tshuav nyiaj li cas thiab cov teeb ntawm tes taw hnyav li thiab arming yardstick rau noj hmoov, ib khob. Thawj saib lub raw cov ntaub ntawv kom tau raws li koj uas txheem. Substance daus khob kom nws tau sau nrog ib tug swb.

Ntxiv kev kawm ntawm lub lub tes tsho los yog lwm yam muab tshem tawm ntau heev hmoov. raw khoom seem nyob rau hauv lub ntsuas yog tiv kev txom nyem. Yog hais tias nws hnyav sau raws nkaus Ii xaiv iav, pib sau cov ntaub ntawv uas nyob rau hauv lub liner. Thaum cov neeg yos hav puv cartridges 10-12, nws yeej ib txwm tuav cov tshev uas gunpowder.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb yuav tau nco ntsoov hais tias cov hmoov yog lawm ua tus sau nrog monotonous taw.

tswv yim pom zoo

Raws li koj tau pom, tua tsiaj cartridges khoom yuav tsum tau enormous siab ntev thiab yuav siv sij hawm ib tug ntau lub sij hawm. Thiab yog hais tias koj nyob nraum npaj rau ntau lengthy txheej txheem, taub txua nqi ntawm gunpowder nyob rau hauv qhov nqi koj tshuav, raws li tsis sib xws txawm nyob rau hauv 0,02 g muaj feem xyuam rau qhov tsis muaj khib nyiab txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv. Los ntawm txoj kev, rau cov warheads, uas yog siv rau kev deb txhaj tshuaj los yog tshwj xeeb, cov hmoov uas ib tug yuav tsum.

Yog li ntawd, qhov nqi koj tshuav muab mus rau sab laug ntawm lub khob nrog rau cov hmoov, nyob ze rau tus neeg tua tsiaj. Ntawm lawv khob ncuav lub hmoov los ntawm ib tug funnel mus rau hauv lub tes tsho. Ntxiv sau nrog cov ntawv luam teem rau ib qho kev npliag kev muag zaub.

Nco ntsoov, rau lub caij ntuj sov hunts tsis tas yuav siv ib tug haib them nyiaj ntawm gunpowder, vim hais tias lawv muaj nyob rau hauv no lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm yuav tsuas paug qhov zoo tshaj ntawm tua cov khib nyiab thiab muab ib tug muaj zog rov qab. Tab sis xws li mus yos hav zoov los ua ib tug tsim txom - kev lom zem ntawm nws tsis tau.

Rau phom qub hnyav nrog reclining tej kas tham cartridges yog loaded nrog cov cai nram qab no.

1. Mos txwv npaj rau autoloading phom equip ib tug me me npaum li cas ntawm cov hmoov yuav tsum tau rau automation.
2. Yog hais tias qhov kub thiab txias yog tsawg dua, hmoov nqi nce.
3. Khoom Cartridges 12 caliber mos txwv los yog canister muab rau ib qho kev nce ntawm 0.5 g qauv ntawm hmoov dub thiab 0.1 g ntawm hmoov "Liaj" rau caliber riam phom ntsia saum toj no pom zoo raws caij nyoog xeem feem. Rau lwm calibers ntawm riam phom kom nyob rau hauv kev faib ua feem rau qhov loj ntawm lub ntsiab xwb.

Yog hais tias cov khoom 12 caliber mos txwv cartridges muaj tseeb, nws yog pom zoo nqi muab txaus thawj zaug txhaj tshuaj tshaj tawm cia nyias qhov thiab buckshot rau tej kev yos hav zoov.

hmoov wads

Thaum tag nrho cov neeg zoo li lawm ua tus sau nrog gunpowder, cov neeg tua tsiaj ua muab kev koom tes dosypki wads. Lub tes tsho yog tso qho obtyuriruyuschy wad ua los ntawm cov duab los qhia txog 2 hli tuab, thiab felted - osalenny thiab ces neosalenny wads.

Tomqab kawm tas, ib co craftsmen muab ib tug nyias duab los qhia wad, uas rab phom sib ntaus sib tua yuav ntau sprawling. Qhov no yog hais tias nws amplifies ob peb lub sij hawm deformation feem.

Cardboard wad rau hauv lub tes tsho yog tso obliquely. Nws dlhos navoynikom, thiab nws yuav siv sij hawm ib tug kab rov tav txoj hauj lwm, thiab ces ntxiv ntxiv hmoov. Xav wads punched nws txhais tes rau nkag mus rau hauv lub tes tsho, lawv tsis wrinkle nws dulcitol. Tom qab ntawd, muab cov lus tsa suab , lawv muab tso rau hauv lub plhaub thiab tsiv mus rau navoynikom pyzhu cardboard.

kev nyab xeeb

Yuav ua li cas lwm surprises yuav peb tuaj ib tug 12-gauge cartridges ib pab tub rog? Lee Thauj Tag nrho 2 thiab lwm yam zoo xws li nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev ruaj ntseg cov kev cai. Thaum lub sij hawm khoom yuav tsis pub nyob ze ib tug qhib nplaim taws, haus luam yeeb, embed kaus mom tom qab sau lub hmoov cartridge, rauj rauj zoo li, los yog mus nqa tawm kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv sis tsis ncaj thiab lo av saum npoo av.

Txawm lub me tshaj grain ntawm xuab zeb, tshwm sim tau nyob rau hauv lub tshuaj ntsiav, lub nias yog tau zes nws.

Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, thaum arming warheads yuav tsum tau huv si thiab orderly. Thiab yog hais tias tag nrho cov kev cai, txawm tus novice yos hav zoov yuav equip rau yav tsaus ntuj mus txog tsib caug rounds.

Chucks "Magnum"

Koj puas paub hais tias "Magnum" cartridges ntawm 12 caliber khoom tau hais tias yuav luag hauj lwm heev tshaj plaws? Cov warheads nyuam qhuav tau loj loj muaj koob meej ntawm lub zos zoov. Thiab nyob rau hauv lawv West txaus siab rau.

Yuav ua li cas lawv sawv cev rau? Tej yam yooj yim cartridge tes tsho 70 mm loj fractions muaj 32-36 g. Ntau haib warheads nrog loj tsho 76 thiab 89 hli no twb dej num raws li "Magnum" (tua hnyav 40-52 g). Nyob rau hauv lub lag luam koj yuav nrhiav tau warheads manufactured los ntawm cov qauv ntau thiab tsawg pab 12/70, xa mus rau ntawm cov "Polumagnumom" pejxeem (loj feem nyob rau hauv lawv - 38-42 g).

Yog li ntawd, peb kawm cov "Magnum" cartridges ntawm 12 caliber khoom raws li ntxaws li sai tau. Peb sub feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv cov qauv no warheads riam phom 12/76 hom. Tom qab 12/89 hom yuav tsum tau kev riam phom thiab tsim ib tug heev haib feem.

Handwritten iav warheads "Magnum" 12/76 nrog 52-gram feem yuav tsum tau txawj craftsmen meej ua tau txhua kev txheej txheem nuances. Yeej yuav tsum xyuas tias koj rab phom yog tsim los rau payloads ntawm cov qauv no raws nkaus Ii mus rau lub 76-millimeter chamber.

Rau cov khoom nqi "Magnum" siv yas tes tsho (ntev 76 hli) 12 gauge. Primer yog tsim nyog los xaiv ib tug zoo. Los ntawm domestic hmoov txig muaj pov thawj rau lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub "Liaj" thiab yos hav zoov "Sunar, 42 Magnum." Raws li tus nqi yog li ntawd li qhia cim yuav tsum tau siv.

Nyob rau hauv lub hmoov thawv mounted wad nrog kev tsis damper. Cov feem coj los ntawm №4 rau №0000. cartridges seaming nqa tawm yog dov txoj kev, los yog ib tug "lub hnub qub."

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov khoom ntawm "Magnum" riam phom yog ib tug luag hauj lwm heev neeg ua hauj lwm. Thiab yog hais tias cov kev txawj ntse yog tsis txaus, los ntawm lub tsev kev kawm rounds cov qauv no yuav tsum tau tso tseg.

Tab sis lawv yog muag nyob rau hauv tej khw ntawm kev yos hav zoov cov khoom!