Keeb kwm portrait Yaroslava Mudrogo. Princes ntawm Kievan Rus

Yaroslav Mudry, None ntawm ancient Russia, lub npe hu mus rau ib schoolboy. Thaum tus poj kav ntawm ib tug loj heev lub xeev, nws tam sim no nyob peacefully nyob rau hauv cov nplooj ntawv ntawm ib tug phau ntawv keeb kwm, qhib hluas minds rau cov lus tshiab qhia txog nws amazing ua hauj lwm. Ib tug patriot, ib tug yuav luag tsis paub diplomat, ib txog tej nyiaj txiag thiab ib tug yeej muaj tseeb connoisseur ntawm cov kos duab - tag nrho cov no yuav hais txog tus tub huabtais. Keeb kwm portrait Yaroslava Mudrogo piav me ntsis txog lub tsis yooj yim sua, raws li thaum lub sij hawm nws reign generously studded nrog zoo deeds thiab ntse ua.

Tsov rog nrog rau nws cov kwv tij rau lub zwm txwv

Tom qab kev tuag ntawm tub huabtais Vladimir ntawm Rus tshuav ntau tug tub-qub txeeg qub teg. Senior Svyatopolk, txiav txim siab los ua ib tug tib kav, no kawg, nws tua nws tus kwv tij: Gleb Boris thiab Svyatoslav. Survivor Yaroslav, thaum tus tub huabtais ntawm Novgorod, kev kawm txog cov txheeb ze teeb meem txhaum cai, sau tub cheev xwm, thiab mus rau Kiev. Battles rau lub zwm txwv ntawm cov kwv tij yog ib tug ntau. Svyatopolk, nicknamed rau nws siab phem kev npau taws thiab intolerable Damned feem ntau nug kev pab los ntawm lub Pechenegs. Cov rog twb tsis zoo tib, thiab Yaroslav retreated. Tab sis lub Lavxias teb sab neeg nyob rau hauv ib hnub, nkees ntawm dev leg kav, tiv thaiv thiab pab yeej Novgorodtsev tij laug thiab coj lub zwm txwv.

Ib me ntsis tom qab ntawd nws kuj muaj mus rau lub battlefield nrog Mstislav, uas kav nyob rau hauv Tmutarakan. Lwm tus tij laug kuj xav mus tshaj tawm ib tug ua haujlwm rau lub zwm txwv muaj kev vam meej tub Vladimir. Tiam sis ntawm no, nws yeej Yaroslav. Nws pab txhawb nqa ntawm ob nobles thiab zoo tib yam peasants. Txij thaum ntawd los, lub era ntawm lub flowering ntawm ancient Russia. Keeb kwm portrait Yaroslava Mudrogo (c. 988-1054), thiab niaj hnub no hais lus siab tawv thiab profundity ntawm no kuj zoo kawg kav.

Yog vim li cas Wise?

Nicknames princes muab neeg zoo tib yam nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lawv cov style ntawm tsoom fwv, cwj pwm tsis zoo los yog ua cim sijhawm. Keeb kwm portrait Yaroslava Mudrogo kom meej meej ua rau nws paub tseeb tias tus neeg uas nws yog tiag tiag sib sib zog nqus, broad-minded thiab analytical lub siab. Nicknamed "lub Wise" muab nws rau nws tireless muab cov nyiaj qhia. Nws tsuas tsis nyeem cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov phau ntawv, uas nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm uas tau suav hais tias yog cov ncov ntawm cov ntawv, nws kuj tau ua txhua yam nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav kis tau kev kawm ntawv rau tag nrho cov seem ntawm cov pejxeem.

cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov txiv plig, los ntawm nws kev txiav txim pib qhia cov me nyuam rau lub kos duab ntawm kev nyeem ntawv thiab sau ntawv. Tub huabtais kuj qhib thawj lub tsev kawm ntawv rau cov tub hluas, uas yog nyob rau hauv Novgorod. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XI nws yog ib tug loj kev tshwm sim uas hloov qhov uas cov neeg xav hais tias txog lub neej. Yuav cov phau ntawv nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau, tus tub huabtais coj ib tug lossis loj cov tsev qiv ntawv thiab muab nws mus rau St. Sophia Cathedral. Yaroslav Mudry - cov piv txwv ntawm lub keeb kwm portrait ntawm tus pas ntsuas, uas yog lossi xav txog lub welfare ntawm nws kawm, thiab nyob rau hauv txhua txhua txoj kev uas nws tau nce.

Introduction translation

Keeb kwm portrait Yaroslava Mudrogo qhia tsis tshua muaj tshwm Tshuag ntawm lub siab ntawm tus tub huabtais, nws ciav muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv cov kev kawm thiab kos duab. Nws yog tus thawj nyob rau hauv Russia uas txiav txim siab los tsis tau tsuas yog nyeem thiab sau ntawv rau hauv phau ntawv, tab sis kuj txhais uas twb muaj lawm tej hauj lwm txawv teb chaws chroniclers thiab sages.

Nws Revered lub txhab ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm lwm haiv neeg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyiam rau nws thinkers ntawm ancient Greece. Jaroslav kom hloov lawv philosophical treatises, yog li ntawd cov neeg uas xav mus nyeem rau lawv, lawv siv lawv tus kheej cov lus, Slavic, li no kev txhim kho nws txoj kev kawm thiab ntxaum. Adhering rau txoj ntsiab cai no, nws cim pib ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm Lavxias teb sab zaum raws li cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Byzantium. Thiab thaum muaj ib lo lus nug nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm ib tug tshiab Tsam, nws tsis tau hu nws los ntawm txawv teb chaws, raws li yog cov kev cai ua ntej, thiab tau tsa nws tus, Hilarion, los ntawm tej yam yooj yim Slavic zos Brest. Lub tsev teev ntuj kev cai li choj, Nomocanon kuj txhais mus rau hauv lub haiv neeg hom lus, raws li hais rau tub huabtais. Yuav kom ua tau qhov zoo tshaj plaws, tsis txhob ntshai ntawm kev hloov - cov no yog cov sijhawm uas los ntawm lub centuries qhia tau hais tias keeb kwm portrait Yaroslava Mudrogo. Keeb kwm ntawm Russia tsis tau paub tias xws rulers.

Tus thawj tes sau kev cai lij choj nyob rau hauv Russia

Yog, qhov no zoo thiab tsim nyog ua lag ua luam kuj muaj ib txhais tes Yaroslav Mudry. Nws sawv ntawm tus menyuam txaj hauv lub feem ntau ancient Lavxias teb sab kev cai lij choj monument - "Charter" ( "Lavxias teb sab tseeb", los yog "tsev hais plaub ntawm Yaroslavl"). Niaj hnub nimno soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv ib lub suab tshaj tawm hais tias nws tsis yog cia li ib phau ntawv sau los ntawm tub huabtais, tsis yog tsuas yog nws kev xav thiab cov tswv yim, thiab ib tug heev sib sib zog nqus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm kev cai lij choj, ib tug sau ntawm cov kev cai, cov txheej txheem thiab cov kev coj nyob rau hauv kev quab yuam nyob rau hauv cov hnub. Lawv hais tias nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm tus sau los ntawm tus tswv xeev pab cov tib neeg. Tab sis txawm yog hais tias lawv yog kiag li sau, "cov khoom ntawm Association", tus pab ntawm Yaroslav tsis tau overemphasized. Txij li thaum nws, yam tsawg kawg, patronized lawv, sau lawv tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv ib lub ru tsev, koom los ntawm ib tug tshaj plaws thiab coj nws mus rau thaum xaus - luam tawm ib phau.

"Charter" ua kev nplua rau kev tua neeg, riam phom, kev puas tsuaj rau tej tsiaj txhu thiab cov vaj tse. Nws sawv khwb tshaj cov kev kho mob thiab lub neej zoo tib yam tib neeg, hu ua rau cov nyiaj txiag kev them nyiaj rau cov inflicted kev raug mob thiab insult. Nws pom zoo qhov kev xeem, xav criminals nyob rau hauv kub caum qab, xyuas cuav zaj lus tim khawv - nyob rau theem no, tsis tau tus thawj zaug kev loj hlob ntawm cov Cheebtsam ntawm ib tug niaj hnub hais plaub ntug system.

Lub heyday ntawm Kiev

Yaroslav Mudry (1019-1054 - xyoo ntawm nws reign nyob rau hauv Kiev) yog tus uas kav txaus. Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm, lub flourishing lub xeev crouches thiab qub peev ntawm Russia - Kiev. Tub huabtais patronized kev ntseeg. Nws txais tos cov kev siv ntawm lub tuam tsev tshiab thiab lub koom txoos. Thaum lub sij hawm nws reign pib ua thawj monasteries, ntawm lawv lub ntiaj teb no-nrov Crypt. Niaj hnub no, nws yog tag nrho cov Lavra, uas yog ciav nyob rau hauv nws cov kev zoo nkauj thiab cov khoom kim heev. Nws yog qhov chaw ntawm kev cai dab qhuas lub neej nyob rau hauv Kiev.

Jaroslav kuj ntxiv dag zog rau lub nroog lub loj loj ncej, xa nws mus rau hauv ib tug tiag tiag fortress. Cov yav qab teb kev nkag flanked rooj vag, lawv twb hu ua "golden" vim hais tias ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj ncaws. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm no ib feem ntawm lub zos ua tau tsam cathedral, lub npe hu ua Sophia. Lub tsev nyob rau hauv lub qub peev ntawm Lavxias teb sab lub zos tau raug fwm kom txog thaum peb lub sij hawm thiab nyob rau hauv zoo heev mob. Lawv radiate lub hwjchim ci ntsa iab thiab lub hwj chim ntawm peb cov pog koob yawg koob. Tsheej lab ntawm cov tourists txhua txhua xyoo tuaj rau Kiev mus saib tus txiv neej-ua cov kev xav.

Tsaug rau tus tub huabtais pib los mus tsim cov khoom siv tes ua. Masters ntawm tag nrho cov tshaj Russia sau nyob rau hauv Kiev thiab ces staged tag nrho cov kev sib hais haum. Tam sim no qhov chaw no yog hu ua tus taw tiab. Lavxias teb sab capital ntawm cov nqi zog mus txog rau nws ncov ntawm txoj kev loj hlob thiab sib koom nws nrog tej European capitals li London thiab Paris.

Sab nraud None txoj cai

Nws muaj peev xwm nthuav tus ciam teb ntawm Russia. Nws lub hwj chim thiab them ib sab ntawm lub pas dej Peipsi: no av ua St. George nroog paub hnub no raws li lub Estonian Tartu. Lub siab xav mus ua lawv zoo tshaj plaws nqi zog - ib tug Credo uas emits ib tug keeb kwm portrait Yaroslava Mudrogo. Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm qhia tau hais tias nws muaj peev xwm los hwj chim rau tus Neman rau Yatvagi. Nws kiag li rebuilt thiab revived tsis tsuas Kyiv, tab sis Novgorod, Vladimir-Volyn, Chernihiv.

Yaroslav ntxiv dag zog rau ciam teb nqi zog, coj ib tug active tawm tsam nrog cov nomads. Thaum lawv tau txais mus rau ciam teb rau lwm ntawm nws lub xeev, nws sau cov tub cheev xwm thiab ntse tiv thaiv tawm tus yeeb ncuab nres. Nws twb ntshai tsam thiab hwm. Jaroslav yog ib tug zoo heev-mannered thiab ntse txiv neej, nws twb tau txais nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau influential lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe: teb chaws Aas Kiv, Fabkis, Lub teb chaws Yelemees, Norway, Byzantium. Lub rulers ntawm cov haiv neeg haus tshuaj yej nrog nws nyob rau hauv ib lub rooj thiab tham nyob rau hauv sib npaug zos lus, thiab suav hais tias Russia ib tug tag nrho-fledged, tsim thiab muaj zog tsoom fwv tsev thaum lub sij hawm.

dynastic ties

Tub huabtais Yaroslav cov Wise, kev nom kev tswv portrait yog tam sim no piav nyob rau hauv txhua txhua phau ntawv ntawm keeb kwm, nws pom yuav ua li cas zoo rau nws kev sib yuav, xaus lus nrog ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm lub muaj koob muaj npe tsev ntawm cov teb chaws Europe. Qhov no yog tseem manifested nws illustrious txawj ntse. Nws yuav tus ntxhais ntawm lub Swedish huab tais Ingigerda uas rebaptized nrog Irina.

Nws cov tub kuj ua ib tug zoo neeg. Izyaslav xaiv tus muam ntawm lub Polish huab tais, Igor - Princess lub teb chaws Yelemees, Sviatoslav - Austrian ntxhais fuabtais, Vsevolod - Greek ntxhais fuabtais ntawm lub genus Monomakh, uas tau yug los lwm nto moo Lavxias teb sab tub huabtais Vladimir Monomakh.

Tub huabtais Yaroslav tus ntxhais tswm zoo dua. Anastasia yuav txiv rau tus Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Hungary, Elizabeth - rau ib tug Norwegian kav, Anna - rau Fabkis huab tais. Raws li koj tau pom, cov dynastic ties yuav ntxiv dag zog rau txoj hauj lwm ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no kev nom kev tswv thiab economic arena. Lawv pom tias European hais lub dag lub zog thiab lub hwj chim ntawm peb cov illustrious pog koob yawg koob.

Tsev lag luam ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Imperial lub tsev

Thaum no tseem ceeb lub sij hawm ntawd, ib yam nkaus thiab, kuv muaj ib tug txhais tes nyob rau hauv Yaroslav. Nws muaj peev xwm intermarry nrog yuav luag tag nrho ntawm cov teb chaws Europe, thiab qhov no pab mus rau txoj kev vam meej ntawm nws Grand Duchy. Keeb kwm portrait Yaroslava Mudrogo ntawd hais tias ib tug active txawv teb chaws txoj cai pab nws nyob rau hauv domestic affairs. Yog li ntawd, ua tsaug rau nws kim heev tsev neeg ties, nws tsim lag luam, pib lub tsev lub zos thiab ntxiv dag zog rau ciam teb.

Lub dynastic txoj cai tau pom zoo nyob rau hauv cov PatientsÕ theem. Alexander lub Blessed yog thaum pib ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Imperial lub tsev. Raws li qhov no, cov poj niam muaj koob muaj npe tsev neeg twb tsis tau tso cai rau nkag mus rau hauv tsis zoo tib txij ua nkawm. Nws tiav txawm ntau dua txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub Principality. Tom qab tag nrho cov kev sib txuas lus nrog rau cov muaj koob muaj npe lub tsev nyob ntawm lwm yam powers tsuas ntxiv dag zog rau txoj hauj lwm ntawm Russia, raws li lwm yam koom haum yog ib tug me ntsis tsis meej pem. Bloodlines kuj pab tsis txhob ua tsov ua rog, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus yeeb ncuab nres muaj active kev pab txhawb nqa thiab pab txhawb kev kawm hauv lub txhab nyiaj thiab tsim tag nrho cov spheres ntawm lub neej ntawm cov nqi zog.

xaus

Keeb kwm portrait Yaroslava Mudrogo qhia rau peb tag nrho tob ntawm tus xav li cas ntawm tus tub huabtais, nws foresight thiab analytical lub siab. Nws paub raws nraim li cas twb yuav tsum tau rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub hwj chim thiab meej meej daig rau nws lub tswv yim. Ua tsaug rau nws, Russia tau mus txog lub apogee ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob. Economy, luam, kos duab, thiab kev tsim kho yog nyob rau hauv nws siab tshaj plaws ncov. Lub xeev tsis tau tsuas yog flourished, nws tau tshaj tawm hais tias nws tus kheej rau cov nom tswv ntiaj teb no nyob ntev. Nrog Russ pom tias, nws hwm thiab Revered.

Yuav ua li cas, ces, yog cov qub txeeg qub teg ntawm Yaroslav rulers ntawm ancient Russia? Yog leej twg? Keeb kwm portraits qhia hais tias ib tug tsim nyog successor nyob rau hauv lub Wise tsis yog. Tsis muaj leej twg ua nws cov tub yuav tsis txiav txim siab ua raws li nws txiv, yog li no txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv cov thaum ntxov xyoo tsis pom ntxiv. Tag nrho cov tau ntawm tub huabtais maj mam faded, kev loj hlob nqi tsis yeem, thiab ces kiag li lawm. Looming tsaus medieval moos, lub sij hawm ntawm Tej. Russ seemed tsis nco qab lawm nyob rau hauv ib tug muaj zog pw tsaug zog, tos rau ib tug tshiab muaj zog thiab paub qab hau kav.