Informatics. Tsim ntawm algorithms thiab programming

Yuav kom sau daim ntawv sau npe ntawm qhov ntau thiab complexity, koj yuav tsum xub txais tau kev paub yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau nws. Thiab nws yog ntshaw kom pib nrog cov qauv rau kev algorithms thiab programming. Uas yog hais txog nws, peb mam li tham nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm qhov tsab xov xwm.

Yuav ua li cas yog computer science?

Yog li ntawd hu ua Complex kev science uas nws ua hauj lwm - systematization txoj kev ntawm kev tsim, ua, kis, thiab me nyuam tseg cov ntaub ntawv siv computer technology. Tsis tas li ntawd siv tau rau nws lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam thiab cov kev tswj txoj kev, uas pab kom ua tau lub hom phiaj. Lub sij hawm "computer" yog ntawm Fabkis keeb kwm thiab yog ib tug hybrid ntawm lo lus "cov ntaub ntawv" thiab "Tsis Siv Neeg". Nws cia li sawv los ntawm txoj kev loj hlob thiab nthuav tawm ntawm tshiab yees rau khaws tseg, ua, thiab kis tau tus mob uas yuav muaj tau txuam nrog lawv fixation rau computer xov xwm. Qhov ntawd yog dab tsi yog qhov keeb kwm ntawm lub computer. Tsim ntawm algorithms thiab programming yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws cov lus qhia ntawm no science.

Yuav ua li cas yog tsis muaj nws ua li cas?

Ua ntej computer science yog cov nram no paub tab:

1. Kho vajtse thiab software them nyiaj yug rau computers.
2. Txhais tau tias kev sis raug zoo ntawm tus txiv neej thiab computer Cheebtsam ua ke.

Lub sij hawm "interface" yog feem ntau siv rau xa mus rau cov kev feem. Ntawm no yog peb muaj ib tug arbitrary kev pab cuam. Tsim ntawm algorithms thiab programming yog yeej ib txwm siv thaum tsim khoom ntawm loj tis, uas "yuav tsum" yeej muaj ntau cov neeg tuaj saib. Tom qab tag nrho, rau qhov muaj koob meej ntawm daim ntawv thov raug tsim yuav tsum optimally ua thiab saib.

lub algorithm

Lawv muaj peev xwm muab sau tseg ib tug txiav txim tus naj npawb ntawm txoj kev. cov feem ntau nrov yog cov nram qab no:

1. Lus-definable hauj lwm. Yog meant cov kev tso kawm ntawm cov ntawv nyeem thiab cov qauv uas yuav piav nta kev sis raug zoo nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov neeg mob.
2. Flowchart. Nws txhais tau tias lub xub ntiag ntawm cov duab cim uas tso cai rau kev sis raug zoo ntawm cov kev pab cuam to taub tus yam ntxwv hauv lawv tus kheej thiab nrog lwm yam kev siv los yog computer hardware tivthaiv. Txhua yam ntawm lawv tej zaum yuav lub luag hauj lwm rau ib qho muaj nuj nqi, txheej txheem los yog mis.
3. Algorithmic lus. Nws yog meant cov creation ntawm nyias muaj nyias txoj ntawm piav txog ib qho kev mob uas qhia tau cov yam ntxwv thiab ib theem zuj zus ntawm kev pab raws qib.
4. Neeg teb xov tooj tswvyim. Nws yog meant cov creation ntawm tsab - nws yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm tus sis paths uas yuav cais operands.

Lub pseudo-code. Sketch ntawm lub cev pob txha ntawm cov kev pab cuam.

cov ntaub ntawv algorithm

Yuav ua li cas mus pib tsim nws tsab kev pab cuam, muaj nuj nqi, los yog txoj kev? Ua li no, siv heev xws general tswv yim pom zoo:

1. Txhua algorithm yuav tsum muaj koj lub npe, uas piav txog cov ntsiab lus.
2. Nco ntsoov saib xyuas ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm qhov pib thiab thaum xaus.
3. tawm tswv yim thiab tso zis tej ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau piav.
4. Yuav tsum qhia rau pab neeg IEP uas yuav ua tau tej yam rau tej ntaub ntawv.

cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv kev

Lub algorithm tej zaum yuav raws li muaj ntau yam raws li tsib. Tab sis ntawm no yog txoj kev mus rau sau cia li ob:

1. Tsim-hais lus. Nws yog yus nyob rau hauv uas qhov kev piav qhia no yog ua los tsuas yog los ntawm kev siv cov qauv thiab cov lus. Cov ntsiab lus raws li tau zoo raws li ib theem zuj zus ntawm cov kauj ruam ntawm lub algorithm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog sau nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam ntuj tso lus nyob rau hauv ib tug kev daim ntawv.
2. Graphic. Cov feem ntau. Rau nws, siv thaiv cim los yog cov kab kos. Cov kev twb kev txuas ntawm lawv yog qhia nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm tshwj xeeb kab.

Qauv npaj software

Muaj peb hom:

1. Tawm. Nrog cov qauv no, tag nrho cov kauj ruam ua sequentially nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim queue thiab ib zaug xwb. Lub Circuit Court zoo li ib tug sib lawv liag ntawm blocks txheej txheem downward nyob ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm lawv tua. Cov uas ua thawj thiab intermediate cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov computational txheej txheem.
2. Branching. Kuv pom coob leej ntau tus daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, nyob rau hauv kev daws ntawm complex teeb meem. Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj xav coj mus rau hauv tus account lub thawj zaug tej yam kev mob los yog cov interim tau, qhov tsim nyog suav yog ua nyob rau hauv raws li lawv thiab cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov computational txheej txheem yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb cov kev tshwm sim.

Cyclical. Mus piv rau koj ua hauj lwm nrog ib tug xov tooj ntawm kev pab raws qib, ib txhia qhov chaw hauv lub code nws yuav ua rau kev nkag siab rau tau rov qab ntau lub sij hawm. Tsis muab ntau npaum li cas lub sij hawm thiab qhov uas koj yuav tau ua yog siv ib tug cyclic qauv. Nws muab rau ib tug series ntawm lus txib uas yuav tau rov qab mus txog rau ib teev mob. Siv Loops tso cai rau kom txo tau cov complexity ntawm kev sau ntawv ib qho kev pab.

programming

Tseem ceeb yog xaiv hom lus programming nyob rau hauv uas qhov kev pab cuam yuav tau tsim. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias muaj ntau ntawm lawv "raug kaw" nyob rau hauv kev khiav hauj lwm tej yam kev mob (piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub browser). Nyob rau hauv kev, programming lus muab faib ua ob pawg:

1. Functionality.
2. neeg teb xov tooj:

- tsis muaj kev kho mob;

- kev kho mob.

Nej twv puas tau uas lawv yog feem ntau siv? Neeg teb xov tooj-kev kho mob - yog cov lus teb. Tej zaum lawv yuav tswj lub tshuab los yog ywj siab. Cov yav tas los xws li assemblers, autocode leb coding. Independent muab faib raws li lawv orientation:

• kev kho mob;
• teeb meem;
• kwv.

Txhua yam ntawm lawv nws muaj nws tau. Tab sis sau cov kev pab cuam (pab tau daim ntaub ntawv los yog kev ua si) yog feem ntau siv yam twj paj nruas-orientrovannye lus. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, koj muaj peev xwm siv lwm yam, tab sis qhov tseeb hais tias lawv yog cov feem ntau zoo tsim yuav tsim tau lub kawg khoom ntawm tau rau lub masses. Oh, thiab yog hais tias koj tseem tsis tau ib tug leej lub zeem muag ntawm pib qhov twg, kuv muab them sai sai mus rau lub qhia txog algorithms thiab khoom-taw qhia kom paub programming. Tam sim no qhov no yog ib tug heev nrov lo lus uas peb, qhov twg koj yuav nrhiav tau ib tug ntau ntawm kev kawm ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub tsim ntawm algorithms thiab programming lus yog tam sim no tsim nyog vim rau qhov tseeb hais tias muaj yog ib tug tsis txaus txawj developers, thiab lawv tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej yuav tsuas loj hlob.

xaus

Thaum ua hauj lwm nrog algorithms (thiab tom qab nrog cov kev pab cuam) yuav tsum nrhiav kev los xav txog tag nrho cov lus rau lub me tshaj. Tom qab unexamined paub txhua code feem yuav tsuas ua tau kom ntxiv ua hauj lwm, ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob nqi thiab lub sij hawm poob ntawm neeg ua hauj lwm. Ceev faj npaj thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm tag nrho cov nuances yuav ho txuag lub sij hawm, siv dag zog thiab nyiaj txiag. Zoo, tam sim no kuv yuav hais tias tom qab nyeem ntawv no tsab xov xwm, koj muaj ib lub tswvyim hais txog cov qauv rau kev algorithms thiab programming. Nws tseem raug nyob tsuas yog thov no paub. Yog hais tias koj xav mus tshawb lub npe nyob rau hauv ntau yam, Kuv muaj peev xwm kom lub phau ntawv "Tsim ntawm algorithms thiab programming" (Semakin Shestakov) 2012.