Hypersonic "Subject 4202" thiab nws cov kev kuaj

"Nruas ntawm 4202" - ib lub cim ntawm tshiab Lavxias teb sab project nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm niaj hnub ua tub rog hypersonic davhlau tsheb (LA). Raws li ntaub ntawv pov thoob ntiaj teb analytical chaw zov me nyuam, nws muaj kev vam meej yuav ua raws li tej zaum yuav neutralize lub zoo nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm kev xaiv yaam riam phom, uas lub US npaj siab kom tau tshaj Russia raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov txiag ntawm lub ntiaj teb no missile kws muaj txuj ci.

Raws li txwv kom muab zais los ntawm cov aircraft davhlau ceev

LA nyob rau hauv nws cov ceev yam ntxwv raug muab faib ua subsonic, supersonic thiab hypersonic. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus ceev ntawm lawv lub davhlau feem ntau qhia raws li dimensionless ntau, ntau yam t. Hu. Mach tooj, hu ua tom qab lub Austrian physicist Ernsta maha thiab denoted nrog tsab ntawv M. Latin Mach tus xov tooj yog dimensionless thiab yooj yim to taub yuav muab txhais li tus piv ntawm cov aircraft tshaj tawm rau kev ceev ntawm lub suab nyob rau hauv cov huab cua ntawm ib tug muab altitude. Yog li ntawd, cov kev ceev ntawm lub aircraft nyob rau hauv 1 M (los yog M = 1) txhais tau hais tias nws txav nrog cov kev ceev ntawm lub suab. Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias qhov siab ntawm lub suab tshaj tawm decreases, kom tus nqi ntawm 1 M txawv heights yuav sib haum mus rau txawv qhov tseem ceeb, hais nyob rau hauv km / h. Yog li, nyob rau hauv lub hauv av ceev nqi sau raws nkaus Ii M 1 1224 km / h thiab nyob rau ntawm ib qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm 11 km - 1.062 km / h.

Supersonic aircraft tshaj tawm tej zaum yuav tsis ntau tshaj tus nqi ntawm 5 M (los yog M = 5), thiab hypersonic yoov ntawm speeds cia li saum toj no 5 M. Txawm li cas los, lawv yuav tau maneuver siv sawv thaum lub sij hawm lub davhlau nyob rau hauv cov huab cua aerodynamic quab yuam, thiab kev npaj deb, loj npaum li cas tshaj dogiperzvukovyh speeds.

Lub cev kev rho tawm puag hypersonic aircraft

Ciam teb M 5 ntawm supersonic thiab hypersonic aircraft yog tsis tau xaiv los ntawm lub caij nyoog. Lub fact tias thaum xeeb no ceev hloov ho cov ua cim ntawm lub aerodynamic thiab dynamic dab feem nyob ze ntawm lub aircraft lub cev thiab nyob rau hauv nws lub dav hlau engine. Firstly, tus ciam txheej ntawm huab cua ntws ib ncig ntawm lub aircraft, rau tus ceev ntawm 5 M sov mus txog ob peb txhiab degrees nyob rau hauv kub (tshwj xeeb mus rau lub frontal ib feem ntawm lub aircraft), thiab pib tawg ua me me mus rau hauv ions (dissociated) roj molecules muaj nyob rau hauv cov huab cua. Physico-tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm no ionized roj yog tshuam txawv los ntawm cov neeg zoo tib yam huab cua, nws nyhav mus nkag rau hauv tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog tus nplaim lub aircraft, muaj yog khaus tawg thiab convection tshav kub hloov lwm lub tsev ntawm nws thiab ntws nyob ib ncig ntawm cov khiav. Yog li ntawd, lub LA tshav kub tiv thaiv yuav tsum tsis muaj zuj zus tshaj lub American "Space Shuttle" los yog lub Soviet "Buran".

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, hypersonic aircraft dav hlau engine xav tau ib tug tshwj xeeb heev tsim uas tsis zoo li ib yam ntawm cov paub ntau hom. Qhov tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv tej yam aircraft xyaw supersonic aircraft tshaj tawm khiav ntawm tsawg huab cua los ntawm cov cua thaum lub sij hawm tsim ntawm huab cua-roj sib tov yog inevitably txo kom subsonic (txwv tsis pub tsis yooj yim sua mus caum tus huab cua mus rau hauv lub xav tau tus nqi ntawm lub roj). Lub hypersonic aircraft yog yuav txo tau ntawm huab cua khiav tus nqi yog tsis tsim nyog - vim lub zog hloov dua siab tshiab txoj cai yog ib tug ua overheating ntawm lub cav tsim, uas tsis tau tiv nrog tej paub cov ntaub ntawv uas.

tsim nta

Cav hypersonic aircraft (nyob rau hauv qhov nyuaj embodiment) zoo ib yam li ob tug Articulated funnels, yog ib tus uas ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib tug cua inlet (nqaim ib feem yog ib yam ntawm cov compressor, ua ke nrog rau cov injector ntawm roj thiab ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib tug combustion chamber), thiab ib tug thib ob funnel - ib tug nozzle rau tawm ntawm burnt gases, tsim cravings. Qhov no cav yuav muab tso cia li nyob rau hauv lub fuselage ntawm lub aircraft, uas tsim ib tug tej yam duab ntawm hypersonic tsheb.

Txawm li cas los, xws li ib tug lub cev muaj zog muaj peev xwm tsis khiav lag luam ntawm speeds tsawg tshaj li 5-6 M, raws li cov compressed kwj yog tsuas sov txog li kub tsim nyog rau tag nrho combustion. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau muaj tiag txoj kev mus disperse hypersonic aircraft rau cov kev kawm ceev ntawm lub cav pib (yam tsawg kawg nyob rau tam sim no theem) yog siv tsuj roj-separable foob pob ua ntxaij raws li cov thawj theem, tej zaum nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog nrog ib tug tsuj roj dav hlau. Nyob hauv daim duab qhia hauv qab no hypersonic aircraft American X-52, tsau nyob rau hauv ib tug tis xaiv yaam bomber B-52.

Xeev ntawm cov kos duab hypersonic aircraft nyob rau hauv lub US

Lub US tau ntev pib los tsim tshiab hom ntawm offensive riam phom. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, qhov no hypersonic aircraft. Yog li ntawd, raws li ib feem ntawm DARPA Liaj Project Project tsim foob pob ua ntxaij glider xws HTV-2, raws li zoo raws li tej yaam num ntawm hypersonic tsheb li Boeing (X-43, lub X-51) txawm peem rau nrog ib tug ramjet xyaw li ib tug nyob hauv cov kev yees duab saum toj no. Lawv muaj peev xwm nqa warheads uas mus txog 450 kg, uas yuav ua tau ob qho tib si nuclear warheads thiab bombs ntim tawg adjoining hwj chim muaj peev xwm ua kom puas muaj kev tiv thaiv KP yeeb ncuab.

Boeing X-51 project yuav muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm speeds mus txog 6400 km / h. Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm no tsev yog nqa mus rau hauv cov huab cua nyob rau hauv Tej zaum 2010. Muaj ob hai pib, twb raug puas tsuaj los ntawm cov glider. Tom qab sib cais los ntawm lub aircraft carrier ntaus accelerates ntxiv koob, ua rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov tub rog thiab tactical cuaj luaj. Tsuas yog thaum muaj cov kev ceev ntawm 5400 km / h hloov maj mam tsav ntawm lub aircraft, uas accelerates mus rau ib tug cruise tshaj tawm.

Yuav ua li cas peb poob Soviet hypersonic tsim

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, Russia yuav tsum tau fend tawm no kev hem thawj. Niaj hnub no cov tsim nyog Soviet txoj kev loj hlob coj mus rau lub siab. Nyob rau hauv lub 80s ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo peb tau muaj advanced uas nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no thiab txawm ib tug tiav lawm khoom - foob pob ua ntxaij dav hlau X-90 project "Gala". Raws li kws txawj, cov X-90 twb ntse launched los ntawm ib tug aircraft qhia tshwj xeeb uas siv tau rau lub hom phiaj no, thiab ceev rau 5400 km / h, uas yog lub hypersonic ciam. Tab sis, ces tuaj rau hauv lub "foom koob hmoov rau liberals 90", thiab lub peb tes num twb muab tso tseg.

Russia lo lus teb rau "Washington"

Tsis ntev los no, tus naas ej British tub rog kev tshawb fawb center Janes Information Group luam tawm cov ntaub ntawv uas nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj xyoo tas los nyob rau hauv Russia ntawm qhov chaw "Dombarovsky" (Orenburg thaj av ntawd.) Ua davhlau kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm ib tug hypersonic aircraft nyob rau hauv lub cim U-71 (Yu-71). Cov khoom 4202, uas, raws li mus rau lub qub chaw, yog ib tug generalized lub cim ntawm tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab hypersonic txoj kev loj hlob yog ib feem ntawm peb cov missile kev pab cuam.

Tab sis nws formal kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv kev lag luam tsis yog ua tsov ua rog Department, thiab Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Chaw Agency, uas nyob rau hauv tam sim no tej yam kev mob yog tsis ntau tshaj "cover" ntawm no ua hauj lwm. Head OCD tib performer on "Nruas 4202" yog "NPO Engineering" los ntawm Moscow Reutova (hu ua foob pob ua ntxaij KB designer general Vladimir Chelomeya, uas yog lub ntsiab tsim tawm cruise missiles thiab nruab nrab ntau ballistic cuaj luaj nyob rau hauv lub USSR).

Los ntawm txoj kev, rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm no lub tuam txhab muaj cov ntaub ntawv uas nyob rau hauv lub lig 50-ies ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem nyob rau hauv lub KB twb tsim LA MP-1, tau maneuver nyob rau hauv cov cua nrog kev pab los ntawm aerodynamic tswj chaw nrog hypersonic speeds. Successful community launch txog nws twb nqa tawm nyob rau hauv 1961! Yog li ntawd lub ntsiab ntawm "cov kwv 4202" muaj ib tug ntev li keeb kwm.

Zeem muag rau lub Lavxias teb sab "hypersonic"

Los ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm qhov chaw nws yog lub npe hu hais tias txij li thaum pib ntawm lub 2000s, Russia tau pib ua hauj lwm rau ib tug "tub rog hypersonic" thiab yuav ua U-71 mus teem cov khoom mus rau cov neeg tham lwm ballistic missile "Sarmat". Tus tshiab Lavxias teb sab supersonic khoom 4202 yuav leeb mus rau ib tug ceev ntawm 11,000 km / h thiab yuav nqa pa los yog nuclear warhead. Thaum lub apparatus yuav maneuver xws li ib tug lossis loj velocities, thaum nyob rau hauv cov cua ntawm altitudes ntawm 40 mus 50 km. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav tsis tau cuam tshuam los ntawm tej yam tseeb missile tiv thaiv systems.

Txawm tias niaj hnub warheads ntawm intercontinental ballistic cuaj luaj thiab mus txog rau hauv lub davhlau hypersonic speeds, tab sis lub trajectory ntawm tawm los xam, thiab yog li ntawd lub interception ntawm missile tiv thaiv chaw. Cov khoom no yog tib yam U-71 (kwv 4202) muaj peev xwm sawv, nyob rau hauv zoo, ib tug complex maneuver rau ib tug unpredictable txoj kev, hloov cov hoob kawm thiab qhov siab yog li ntawd nws yog zoo tsis yooj yim sua rau kev cuam tshuam.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, muaj yog vim li cas rau xav hais tias cov thawj kuaj yam khoom 4202 dhau nyob rau hauv 2004. Nws yog ces tus Thawj Tub Ceev chief ntawm lub General neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Armed Forces Yuri Baluyevsky qhia nyob rau hauv ib tug xovxwm rooj sab laj nyob hypersonic aircraft xeem, Maneuvering rau hauv chav kawm thiab qhov chaw siab tshaj.

"Nruas ntawm 4202": tus shores ntawm America nyob rau hauv lub hypersonic

Cov American xovxwm tau reacted kom Lavxias teb sab kev xeem ntawm lub hypersonic glider. Muaj ntau cov ntawv xov xwm tau tab tham txog qhov tseeb hais tias lub US tswv yim ntawm txhob ntiaj teb no Strike tam sim no muaj ib tug loj competitor. Yog hais tias lub project "Khoom 4202" lag luam yuav tsum tau ntse kom tiav nyob rau hauv 10 lub xyoos Russia yuav tau txais loj heev "trump card" nyob rau hauv kev sib khom lus nrog lub US. Qhov tseeb yog tias nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm hypersonic aircraft yuav tsum guaranteed mus ntaus tej phiaj nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States ib tug missile. Piv txwv li, tib "SARMAT", uas yuav tsum tau ntsia aircraft, tsim los ntawm "Nruas 4202". Hypersound nyob rau hauv sib ntaus ceev Maneuvering tuition ntxiv ib yam tshiab ntawm aircraft - cov no yog cov zoo ntawm no tshiab riam phom, uas tej zaum yuav ua rau meaningless colossal pov tseg ntawm cov kev pab los tsim kom tau US missile tiv thaiv systems.