Hiav txwv haiv neeg nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm ancient tim lyiv teb chaws

Lub sij hawm "hiav txwv haiv neeg" nyob rau hauv lub ancient Iyiv yam lus nyob rau hauv lub XIV caug xyoo. BC. e. Yog li ntawd cov neeg uas nyob ntawm lub Nile hu ua lub neeg txawv teb chaws uas nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob ntawm Asia muaj hnub nyoog thiab lub Balkans. Nws yog Teucer, sherden, shekelesh Filixatee. Ib txhia niaj hnub kws tshawb fawb qhia tau tias lawv nrog cov Greeks. Haiv neeg ntawm lub hiav txwv, lawv raug xam tias yog vim lub fact tias nyob nruab nrab ntawm lawv thiab cov Iyi yog tus Mediterranean hiav txwv. Lub sij hawm twb tau rov qab los thiab muab tso rau hauv niaj hnub scientific lus Fabkis tus paub txog Gaston Maspero.

Cov teeb meem ntawm lub hnub nyoog bronze

Nyob rau hauv XII xyoo pua BC. e. muaj ib tug thiaj li hu ua kev teeb meem ntawm lub hnub nyoog bronze. Muaj ntau ancient civilizations tau tsaus muag. Nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm, tseem Mycenaean kab lis kev cai, qhov chaw uas yog cov Aegean. Tsis paub ntaub ntawv, faded qub lag luam tseem khiav. Nyob rau hauv cov tshwm sim, lub hiav txwv cov haiv neeg tsiv sab qab teb thiab pib ua rau ib tug loj kev hem thawj rau tim lyiv teb chaws.

Horde, uas tshuav qhov tu siab heev sab qaum teb, mus liam txhua yam uas tuaj nyob rau hauv lawv txoj kev. Grandeur thiab wealth ntawm ancient lub zos attracted marauders thiab barbarians. Qhov kev txiav txim twb hloov los ntawm chaos, destitution thiab kev txom nyem tuaj mus rau qhov chaw ntawm abundance. Tag nrho cov fermentation tshwm sim los ntawm tsiv teb tsaws tsis coj mus rau lub zoo-paub Trojan tsov rog. Nws cov txheej xwm tseem paub los ntawm polumifologicheskim thiab ib nrab-real qhov chaw. Yog hais tias, piv txwv li, cov neeg ntawm lub hiav txwv Baltic thiab lwm yam nyob rau ntawm dab tsi yog ces cov teb chaws Europe, peb yog zoo tsis paub hais tias, ces cov Iyi thiab lawv cov neeg nyob ze rau hauv lub Mediterranean, peb yuav txiav txim los ntawm tus nplua nuj keeb kwm ntaub ntawv.

tus mus kom ze ntawm neeg

Tuag tshuab tau hais txog lub hiav txwv cov haiv neeg ntawm lub Hithai lub nceeg vaj uas muaj nyob rau hauv Anatolia. Thawj qhov uas ua lub tuaj tshiab - txiav sab qaum teb-western luam tseem khiav. Lawv tsiv down lub Aegean ntug dej hiav txwv nyob rau hauv sab qab teb raws Mediterranean ntug dej hiav txwv. Raws txoj kev, nws raug muab cheb pov tseg lwm ancient lub nceeg vaj, ntev feuded nrog cov Hithai - Arzawa. Nws capital yog tam sim no lub nroog Efexus. Ces poob Cilicia. Tim lyiv teb chaws twb tau txais los ze zog. Hordes ntawm neeg txawv teb chaws tuaj mus rau qhov chaw nyob qhov twg lub hiav txwv. Ob peb cov neeg ciaj tus ntxeem tau ntawm Cyprus. Tom qab nws tau nres rau ntawm cov kob extraction ntawm tooj liab ore. Cov teeb meem ntawm lub hnub nyoog bronze nyob rau hauv kev twb tsiag ntawv los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm tej infrastructure. Cov tib yam tshwm sim nrog Northern Syria - nws twb puas.

Tom qab uas tau Tshooj los ntawm lwm tseem ceeb economic leeg ntawm cov Hithai. Lawv ancient capital ntawm Hattusa, tsis muaj zog txaus los ntawm kev rho tawm, yuav tsis ua rau ob peb tawm tsam ubiquitous Hiav txwv Haiv neeg. Tsis ntev lub nroog raug hlawv mus rau hauv av. Nws ruins, archaeologists muaj sab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm lub XX caug xyoo. Kom txog thaum uas lub sij hawm ntawd, ib zaug ib tug thriving capital rau centuries tau tsis nco qab lawm.

Hithai faj tim teb chaws yog cov uas lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv lub Middle East rau 250 xyoo. Nws tiv thaiv ntev thiab nyuaj nrog Tim lyiv teb chaws. Ib tug ntawm diplomatic ntawv cog lus nruab nrab ntawm ob lub teb chaws los ua tus hiob sab daim ntawv ntawm no hom nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm noob neej. Txawm li cas los, tej nuj nqis cov hwj chim los sis txoj cai ntawm cov Hithai twb tsis tau thuam ib tug tsis paub barbarians.

Meanwhile nyob rau hauv Egypt

Cia li ob peb xyoos tom qab lub Trojan ua tsov ua rog thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm lub Hithai hwj chim ntawm lub lem ntawm lub XIII-XII centuries. BC. e. Egyptians thawj ntsib nrog nws cov tshiab yeeb ncuab, uas yog cov neeg ntawm lub hiav txwv. Leej twg yog lawv rau cov neeg ntawm lub Nile Valley? Txawv hordes. Lub Egyptians mob-xeeb neeg.

Thaum vaj ntxwv yog Rameses III. Soj ntsuam xav txog nws lub xeem zoo kawg kav ntawm cov neeg Iyiv imperial era ua ntej lub sij hawm tuaj txog ntawm cov tub rog Aleksandra Makedonskogo thiab cov Hellenization ntawm lub teb chaws. Ramses koom lub thib nees nkaum dynasty. Nws yog raws nraim tib yam li lub xyoo thiab puas tawm, tej nws apogee thiab poob. Rau cov kab XIII-XII centuries. BC. e. Kuv ntaus nws heyday. Rameses reign pib nyob rau hauv kwv yees li 1185 BC. e. Lub ntsiab kev tshwm sim ntawm nws reign yog qhov ntxeem tau ntawm lub hiav txwv Haiv neeg.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ancient lub sij hawm, Tim lyiv teb chaws suav hais tias ib tug hlub lub hom phiaj ntawm tej invaders. Qhov no lub teb chaws sim yuav tsum yeej xwb lub Persian Cambyses, Assyrian Ashurbanipal, Aleksandr Makedonsky, lub Roman Pompeii. Tom qab ntawd muaj invading Ottoman Selim thiab lub Frenchman Napoleon. Pob tawg lawm nyob rau hauv Iyi tebchaws, thiab hauv lub hiav txwv cov haiv neeg. Lub hnub nyoog bronze tuaj mus rau qhov kawg, thiab ua ntej mus rau lub hlau, lub Mediterranean yuav tsum tau mus los ntawm ib tug ntau ntawm cov caij nyoog phem heev. Tsov rog nrog rau lub sab qaum teb Iyiv neeg, Mekas yeej fervor, yog ib tug ntawm lawv.

pov thawj ua tsov ua rog

Ancient Keeb kwm ntawm hiav txwv Haiv neeg paub rau peb ua tsaug rau cov heev heev pob zeb hewn illustrations thiab keeb kwm ntawv, fwm mus rau lub XX xyoo pua nyob rau hauv lub Egyptian tuam tsev thiab tombs, thaum lawv deciphered niaj hnub archaeologists thiab linguists. Cov chaw qhia rau peb hais txog cov poj tsov kev rog thiab kev yeej thaum kawg ntawm Ramses III. Tab sis pov thawj ntawm cov ntshav nyob rau hauv lub Middle East los yog nyob rau hauv tim Nkij teb chaws yuav luag tsis tau ciaj sia. Tsuas yog indirect cov ntaub ntawv, zaum tau xaus lus tias tus neeg ntawm lub hiav txwv, tsis tsuas rhuav tshem cov Mycenaean kab lis kev cai, tab sis kuj cov Hithai faj tim teb chaws, raws li tau zoo raws li ntau lwm yam me me kingdoms.

Qhov tseem amazing tshaj plaws yog hais tias muaj, qhov uas nws siv mus mus los conquerors, lub neej raws li hais tias tag nrho zoo. Piv txwv li, tim Nkij teb chaws thiab Crete, muaj yog tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv rau lub sij hawm 1200-750 xyoo. BC. e. Tom qab lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Troy, lub keeb kwm ntawm cov av no raug tshem tawm ntawm tag nrho cov pov thawj rau ob peb centuries. Historians hu lawv "tsaus ntuj nti uas muaj hnub nyoog." Qhov no lub sij hawm yog ib kauj ruam rau txoj kev hloov los ntawm antiquity rau classical antiquity, thaum Hellas nkag mus hauv nws cov kev cai thiab kev nom kev tswv zenith.

Lub yeej ntawm lub Egyptians

Nyob rau hauv tsov rog tiv thaiv northerners tim lyiv teb chaws yog ib qho tseem ceeb, tsis tsuas cov tub rog tab sis kuj cov neeg ntawm lub hiav txwv ships. Cov tub rog conquerors los tsuam chaw so nyob rau hauv evkawj. Lub fleet muaj rau lub taub hau mus rau lub Nile Delta. Ramses kuj npaj rau tsov rog. Vajtswv ntxiv dag zog rau sab hnub tuaj frontiers, qhov uas nws ua ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov tshiab fortresses. Iyiv fleet faib nyob rau hauv lub North Chaw nres nkoj thiab tos rau tus yeeb ncuab. Thaum lub qhov ncauj ntawm tus Nile ua "yees" - txawv txawv engineering lug, lub zoo li ntawm uas tau yeej tsis tau pom lub ancient era.

Hiav txwv haiv neeg pinned mus rau nws fleet kev cia siab. Thaum xub thawj lawv npaj hais tias cov ships yuav muaj nyob rau Pelusianskomu lub qhov ncauj. Txawm li cas los, paub hais tias nws inaccessibility, lub invaders mus rau sab tod. Lawv qhov kawg lub hom phiaj uas lawv tau xaiv lwm Mendusskoe lub qhov ncauj. Tsev Hais Plaub tsoo los ntawm lub Egyptian barrier. Tsaws peb txhiab troops yuav lub tsev fuabtais, nyob rau hauv lub Nile Delta. Tsis ntev muaj nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm lub Egyptian cavalry. Kuv tau txais mus rau hauv ib tug kub sib ntaus sib tua.

Ntxeem tau ntawm lub hiav txwv Haiv neeg mus tim lyiv teb chaws yog xwm nyob rau hauv ob peb reliefs era ntawm Ramses III. Tw ntawm cov Iyi nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv sib ntaus sib tua xwm li nyob rau lawv Coronaform tiaras thiab horned nyiam. Ib tug ntawm cov reliefs qhia tau hais tias yuav ua li cas nyob rau hauv lub convoy troops Hiav txwv Haiv neeg twb wagons uas muaj ib tug niam yau. Cov poj niam yog cov tsis tshua muaj hmoo yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub tuab ntawm kev tsov kev rog. Nyob hauv daim duab, lawv tsa lawv tej tes, thov Vajtswv rau txoj kev hlub tshua, thiab ib tug ntawm cov hluas nkauj txawm nws khiav, tab sis ntog.

Capturing tus thawj fortress, lub invaders twb tsis tau ua rau lawv vam meej. tej kev tsis sib haum ntawm lawv cov thawj coj nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim. Ib txhia xav kom mus rau Memphis, thaum lwm tus neeg tos rau reinforcements. Meanwhile Ramses tsis plam lub sij hawm thiab sab hnub tuaj ciam teb rau lwm tsiv mus rau kev cuam tshuam cov yeeb ncuab. Nws ntes tau mus nrog tw thiab tsoo lawv. Neeg txawv teb chaws tawm ntawm koob hmoov kuj nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias lawv yuav lub fortress ntawm tus ntug dej ntawm lub Nile rau lub tswv yim ntawm cov dej nyab. Vim hais tias ntawm cov koom haum kuj thiab tsis meej nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej cov qib haiv neeg raug kev txom nyem yeej hiav txwv. Armor thiab riam phom yuav pab tsis tau lawv. Ramses III paub tseeb hais tias nws raws li txoj cai raws li ib tug zoo kawg huab tais thiab confidently kav lub teb chaws txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub neej.

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tus mysterious northerners tsis tau zoo. Tsis tau kov yeej lub Egyptian ciam teb, lawv tsawm nyob rau hauv Palestine. Ib txhia ntawm lawv tuaj koom lub Libyans, uas nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm lub Pharaohs. Cov neeg nyob ze nrog adventurers Hiav txwv Haiv neeg thiab tim lyiv teb chaws txhawj. Ib tug ob peb xyoos tom qab lub sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv lub delta, lawv yuav Hacho Fortress. Ramses thiab lub sij hawm no coj ib pab tub rog mus raws li lub tom ntej no ntxeem tau. Libyans thiab lawv cov phoojywg - tuaj ntawm cov teb chaws hauv lub hiav txwv - yeej thiab poob nyob rau hauv tua txog li ob txhiab tus neeg.

Version ntawm lub Greeks

Tsis txoj kev tshawb no ntawm cov keeb kwm ntawm cov neeg ntawm lub hiav txwv tseem attracts soj ntsuam thiab historians. Nws yog ib tug tham conglomeration ntawm cov pab pawg neeg thiab nws cov caij nyoog pes tsawg leeg ntawm ntxiv sib cav tswv yim thiab sib tham. Iyiv bas-reliefs, uas depict cov neeg yog nyob rau hauv lub chaw pam tuag tuam tsev ntawm Ramses III. Nws hu ua Medinet Habu. Invaders rau nws kos duab zoo zoo heev rau cov Greeks. Muaj ntau ntau nqe lus nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm tus uninvited qhua uas twb sim mus ua txhaum mus rau hauv Egypt, twb Greeks. Piv txwv li, Ramses nws tus kheej hu ua lawv tsis tsuas mus rau cov neeg ntawm lub hiav txwv, tab sis kuj cov neeg ntawm cov Islands tuaj. Qhov no tej zaum yuav qhia tau tias cov invaders sailed mus rau lub Aegean Islands tuaj, Crete los yog Cyprus.

Tawm tsam Greek version nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm tus fact tias cov neeg nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob seas, cov Iyi xwm beardless. Qhov no yog tsis tooj mus rau historians paub txog Greeks. Greek cov txiv neej loj hlob ntev beards mus txog rau lub IV. BC. e. Qhov no yog qhia los ntawm xws li cov dluab nyob Mycenaean vases ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd.

Shekelesh

Lub hom phiaj ntawm lub Greeks nyob rau hauv cov tub rog ntawm cov neeg ntawm lub hiav txwv muaj teeb meem. Tab sis muaj haiv neeg nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov uas historians ntseeg. Ib tug ntawm lawv - shekelesh. Qhov no lub teb chaws yog piav nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm ancient Iyiv Tshiab Kingdom qhov chaw. Mention ntawm nws yog, nyob rau hauv xws ib qho tseem ceeb qhov chaw xws li lub tuam tsev ntawm Karnak thiab Athribis. Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm, cov graffiti nyob ntawm tus thawj ntawm kev Ramses III, Merneptah, uas reigned nyob rau hauv 1213-1203 gg. BC. e.

Shekelesh twb phoojywg ntawm lub Libyan princes. Nyob rau hauv Iyiv bas-reliefs lawv xwm nyob rau hauv lub zoo li nrog hmuv rau cov tibneeg, swords, hmuv rau cov tibneeg thiab hloov shields. Shekelesh sailed rau tim lyiv teb chaws Sailing nrog cov dluab ntawm noog hau rau cov hneev nti thiab siab tawv. Nyob rau hauv XI nyob rau hauv. BC. e. lawv, nrog rau cov Filixatee nyob Palestine. Shekelesh hais nyob rau hauv lub "Lus Una-Amun" - hieratic papyrus XXI dynasty. Tam sim no, qhov no yam cuav belongs rau lub Moscow Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm nrag hu ua tom qab Pushkin. Shekelesh hunted piracy. Nyob rau hauv Palestine, lawv coj Karmalskoye ntug dej hiav txwv - ib tug nqaim nqaum sawb ntawm lub Carmel roob thiab lub Mediterranean hiav txwv, raws li zoo raws li lub tiaj ntawm Sharon.

sherden

Sherden - ib tug tseem ceeb ib feem ntawm lub conglomerate, uas tsim nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv Haiv neeg. Yog leej twg? Raws li shekelesh, cov neeg tsav nkoj twb fearsome pirates. Muaj ntau historians saib lawv raws li cov poj koob yawm txwv niaj hnub Sardinians. Nyob rau hauv lwm version ntawm no hiav txwv neeg akin Dardania - lub trojans thiab tag nrho lub sab qaum teb-western Anatolia.

Capital sherdanov xam tau tias yog Ahvat Palestinian lub nroog, uas, cov lwm yam, hais nyob rau hauv lub "Phau Ntawv tsev hais plaub". Tus thawj cov lus qhia txog lawv mus rau lub diplomatic av nplaum ntsiav tshuaj teej tug tseem ceeb heev rau Egyptologists Tel El Amarna archive. Cov neeg nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob seas, hais Tav-Addi - kav lub nroog ntawm Byblos.

Sherden pov thawj rau lawv tus kheej tsis tsuas yog raws li pirates, tab sis kuj raws li ib tug txhim khu kev qha mercenaries. Lawv pib tshwm nyob rau hauv lub Egyptian tub rog thaum lub sij hawm lub XVIII dynasty. Ramses II yeej cov neeg txawv teb chaws, tom qab uas lawv tau pib tuaj ntxiv rau hauv cov kev pab cuam ntawm lub Pharaohs. Mercenaries tiv thaiv lub xub pwg mus pwg nrog cov Iyi thaum lub sij hawm lawv tom ntej tub rog campaigns nyob rau hauv Palestine thiab Syria. Thaum Ramses III sherden twb "cais". Thaum lub sij hawm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev tsov kev rog ntawm lub Egyptians tiv thaiv lub hiav txwv Haiv neeg ntawm lawv tiv thaiv nyob rau sab ntawm vaj ntxwv ib feem - tawm tsam nws. Classic sherdansky rab ntaj - ntev thiab ncaj. Lub inhabitants ntawm lub Nile Valley siv ib tug sickle-zoo li tus tuaj.

Teucer

Nyob rau hauv ancient Troy nyob tsis tau tsuas yog Dardano thiab sherden. Lawv cov neeg nyob ze twb Teucer - lwm lub teb chaws hiav txwv. Lawv twb tsis Greeks, txawm hais tias lawv paub tus Greek lus. Teucer, ib yam li lwm haiv neeg ntawm lub hiav txwv nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws, tsis mus rau lub Indo-European pab pawg neeg ntawm haiv neeg, tom qab ntawd mus nyob ib tug tseem ceeb txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Mediterranean. Txawm hais tias nws yog lub npe hu raws nraim, ntau ncauj lus kom ntxaws ethnogenesis tsis tau elucidated.

Raws li ib tug unconfirmed versions, Teucer akin mus rau lub Etruscans nyob rau hauv ltalis (nws yog nthuav tias ancient sau ntawv ntseeg tias nws yog lub koob yawm txwv tsev ntawm lub Etruscans Asia muaj hnub nyoog). Lwm cov kev tshawb xav txuas nrog Teucer misiytsami. Cov peev ntawm cov pab pawg neeg yog lub nroog ntawm Dor, nyob rau hauv Palestine, nyob rau hauv Mediterranean tub tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv dab tsi yog tam sim no cov Yixayee. Rau XII xyoo pua BC. e. Teucer tsim no me me hais sib haum nyob rau hauv lub loj tshaj plaws thiab richest chaw nres nkoj. Lub nroog tau muab los ntawm cov Phoenicians. Peb tsuas paub ib tug lub npe Teucer kav. Nws yog Beder. Cov ntaub ntawv yog muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov tib "Lus Una-Amon."

cov Filixatee

Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov Filixatee raws nraim tsis paub hais tias. Cov koob yawm txwv tsev ntawm no hiav txwv ntawm cov neeg, tswm nyob rau hauv Palestine, tej zaum tim Nkij teb chaws los yog Western Malaya Aziya. Nyob rau hauv phau Vajlugkub nws yog hu ua Crete. Nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev ntawm Ramses III Filixatee yog xwm li nyob rau hauv lub Aegean khaub ncaws thiab nyiam dai kom zoo nkauj nrog plaub. Zoo li cov drawings Lig Bronze Hnub nyoog nyob rau hauv Cyprus. Lub tsheb ua rog ntawm cov Filixatee twb tsis faib ib yam dab tsi zoo kawg li, tab sis cov ships differed txawv txawv zoo. Cim lawv muaj ntau thiab ceramics, raws li zoo raws li Anthropoid Sarcophagi.

Tus thawj hom lus ntawm cov Filixatee tsis paub hais tias mus historians. Nrog rau cov sij hawm tuaj txog nyob rau hauv Ixayees lub hiav txwv Haiv neeg tau saws lub lub suab hais lus ntawm Khana-as (lub thaj ib sab ntawm lub Fertile Crescent). Txawm lub Philistine deity nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm nyob rau hauv lub Semitic npe.

Yuav luag tag nrho cov haiv neeg ntawm lub hiav txwv nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm ancient Egypt tau tseem tsis zoo to taub vim ib tug tsis muaj qhov chaw. Qhov kos rau txoj cai no yog cov Filixatee. Firstly, lawv differed multiplicity li ntawd nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm assimilated ob peb me me haiv neeg. Secondly, cov Filixatee muaj ntau ntawm cov pov thawj (phau Vajlugkub sawv tawm). Lawv tsis muaj ib tug centralized lub xeev. Es tsis txhob, lub Palestine nyob 5 lub zos cov kev cai. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv (Ashdod, Ashkelon, Gaza, Gati) tsuas yog Ekron, tau kov yeej los ntawm cov Filixatee. Qhov no yog muaj tim khawv los archaeological khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg uas tsis yog mus rau lawv cov kab lis kev cai. Kev cai yog tswj hwm los ntawm cov txwj laus, yog lub soviets. Biblical David kov yeej cov Filixatee tso ib tag rau kev txiav txim no.

Cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv, maj mam zoo. Txawm Egyptians nkag mus hauv lub sij hawm ntev tsis tom qab Ramses III txoj kev tuag. Filixatee, on qhov tsis tooj, txuas ntxiv mus nyob rau hauv txoj kev vam meej thiab txaus siab. Raws li hais saum toj no, tom qab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov hnub nyoog bronze tib neeg maj mastered hlau. Filixatee tau ua nws ib tug ntawm cov thawj. Muaj cim technologies thiab secrets ntawm smelting hlau ntaj, swords, sickles thiab laij ntsiab ua rau lawv rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, invulnerable rau cov yeeb ncuab daig nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog bronze. ntawm cov neeg pab tub rog muaj peb skeletons: hnyav infantry, archers thiab lub tsheb ua rog.

Chiv, kab lis kev cai ntawm cov Filixatee coj qhws ib tug ob peb Mycenaean sijhawm, raws li lawv khaws cia ruaj khov tiv tauj nrog tim Nkij teb chaws. Bright, kev sib raug zoo muaj peev xwm yuav twb tsis siv rau tej hub style. Affinity pib ploj tom qab txog 1150 BC. e. Yog tias thaum cov Filixatee ceramics ua lub thawj uas tsis yog-Mycenaean kev lig kev cai nta. Filixatee haus yog npias. Nyob rau hauv excavation archaeologists pom muaj ntau yam ntxwv jugs, uas feature yog lim lub husk ntawm barley. 200 xyoo tom qab resettlement nyob rau hauv Palestine Filixatee kiag poob kov nrog lub Greek yav tag los. Nyob rau hauv lawv kab lis kev cai nws loj hlob hauv zos Iyiv thiab Semitic nta.

End ntawm lub hiav txwv Haiv neeg

Tom qab lub yeej nyob rau hauv tsov rog tiv thaiv Ramses III Hiav txwv Haiv neeg tsawm nyob rau hauv Palestine thiab tag subjugated rau yav qab teb ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Khana-as. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub XII caug xyoo. BC. e. Lawv kov yeej loj lub zos Lachish, Megiddo, Gezer moos Npe-ee. Nyob rau hauv cov kev tswj ntawm cov Filixatee tuaj lub Jordan Valley thiab lub Lower lub xeev Kalilais. City thawj puas lawm thiab ces rebuilt nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej txoj kev - li ntawd nws yog yooj yim los mus tsim kom muaj txoj cai nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw tshiab.

Nyob rau hauv XI xyoo pua BC. e. Philistia los ua ib tug tseem ceeb chaw ntawm Ashdod. Nws twb yeej muaj txhab thiab ntxiv dag zog. Trade nrog Tim lyiv teb chaws thiab lwm yam cov neeg nyob ze coj loj profits. Filixatee muaj kev tswj kom tau ib tug foothold nyob rau hauv lub leeg ib qho tseem ceeb thaj av ntawd, nyob qhov twg ntau yam ntawm ua lag luam txoj kev. Nyob rau hauv Ashdod nyob Tel Mor - ib tug fortress nyob ib ncig ntawm uas qhov chaw nres nkoj muaj ntau zog.

Lub ntsiab tus nrog sib ntaus ntawm cov Filixatee, tab sis cov Iyi, yog neeg Yudais. Lawv teeb meem ntawd kub ntev li ob peb centuries. Nyob rau hauv 1066 BC. e. sib ntaus sib tua coj qhov chaw ntawm ib sab Ebenezer, thaum lub sij hawm uas lub sij hawm cov Filixatee yuav lub nkoj ntawm lub Covenant (lub ntsiab tej yam qub qab ntawm cov Yixayee). Cov yam cuav twb tau tsiv mus rau lub tuam tsev ntawm Dagon. Qhov no vajtswv ntawm lub hiav txwv ntawm cov neeg xwm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov poluryba-polucheloveka (nws patronized ua liaj ua teb thiab fisheries). Qhov rov featured lub nkoj nyob rau hauv phau Vajlugkub. Nws yog hais tias cov Filixatee twb raug txim los ntawm Vajtswv rau nws misdeed. Nyob rau hauv lawv lub teb chaws pib ib tug mysterious kab mob - cov neeg raug them nrog qhov ncauj tawm. Nyob rau lub tswv yim ntawm cov pov thawj ntawm lub hiav txwv cov neeg tau mus tua ntawm lub nkoj. Thaum lub sij hawm lwm teeb meem nrog cov neeg Ixayees nyob rau hauv 770 BC. e. Axaliya Yudas tus vaj ntxwv tshaj tawm hais tias tsov rog tawm tsam cov Filixatee. Nws coj tus nres Ashdod, thiab puas nws tiv thaiv.

Filixatee maj poob chaw uas zoo heev, tab sis tau khaws cia lawv cov kab lis kev cai thiab yog leejtwg tiag. Qhov tseem txaus ntshai tshuab rau lub teb chaws no twb ntaus los ntawm cov Axilia, seized Palestine nyob rau hauv VII. BC. e. Thaum kawg, nws zoo nyob rau hauv lub hnub Aleksandra Makedonskogo. Qhov no zoo kawg commander kov yeej tsis tau tsuas yog Palestine tab sis tim lyiv teb chaws nws tus kheej. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub inhabitants ntawm lub Nile Valley thiab lub hiav txwv Haiv neeg muaj undergone ntau yam pauv loj Hellenization thiab poob nws cov cim teb chaws sijhawm, uas yog peculiar rau lawv thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog dostopomyatnoy Ramses III nrog sab qaum teb neeg.