General yam ntxwv ntawm classical German philosophy. Cov yooj yim lub tswv yim thiab cov lus qhia

General yam ntxwv ntawm classical German philosophy rau hauv peb hnub kawm cov kev paub meej, vim hais tias nws yog - ib tug tshwj xeeb tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ntiaj teb no kab lis kev cai. Nws yog classical German philosophy yog lub hauv paus ntawm niaj hnub philosophy. Ib puas xyoo ntawm nws lub neej, nws ua tau xwb tsis mus tshawb cov teeb meem nyob rau hauv kom meej, uas yog plagued noob neej rau centuries, tab sis kuj yuav muab txhua uas twb muaj lawm thaum lub sij hawm ntawm flow, pib nrog lub subjective idealism thiab irrationalism xov thiab hais lus phem los muaj. General yam ntxwv ntawm classical German philosophy yog raws li lub ntiaj teb no-nrov npe zoo li Kant, Marx, Hegel, Fichte, Nietzsche, Schopenhauer, Engels thiab lwm tus neeg.

Emanu-es Kant (1724-1804) - tus founder ntawm German classical philosophy. Nws npaj ib tug revolutionary piav qhia txog cov keeb kwm ntawm lub solar system, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv Newton kev cai (ntawm tawm particulate teeb meem nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov yam nebula). Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws belongs rau lub hom phiaj ntawm lub hav zoov ntawm cov kev txwv ntawm cognition, raws li zoo raws li lub unavailability ntawm ib tug neeg muab lub puab essence ntawm phenomena thiab tej yam uas. Kant kuj muab rau pem hauv ntej cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm pawg thiab formulated tus cuj pwm kev cai lij choj. Ntawm lwm yam, nws yog nws leej twg ua ntej pom tias lub "perpetual kev sib haum xeeb" nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, uas yuav tsum tau raws li nyob rau hauv uneconomical kev tsov kev rog thiab kev cai lij choj txwv. Emanu-es Kant - lub npe, tsis muaj uas cov kev yam ntxwv ntawm lub German classical philosophy yuav tsis yooj yim sua.

Lwm philosopher - Georg Hegel - tau pab mus nrhiav pov thawj rau hauv lub tswvyim ntawm lub hom phiaj idealism, uas yog ib yam nyob rau hauv ib co Western lub teb chaws. Nws puas tau nws vim hais tias ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm lub meej lub tswv yim (thawj ua txhua yam, peb cov ntaub ntawv uas lub ntiaj teb no, nyob, tsis hais nco qab). Hegel yog ib tug uas thawj otozhestvil xav thiab ua.

Tab sis qhov tiag crown ntawm nws kev ua yog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm dialectics - txoj kev qhia ntawm cov qauv thiab cov kev cai lij choj ntawm universal txoj kev loj hlob.

Ntxiv tswv yim ntawm Hegel Johann Fichte (1762-1814). Raws li nws, lub nkaus xwb thiab thawj kev muaj tiag rau tus txiv neej yog nws tus kheej, nws kev xav thiab txoj kev xav.

Tswv yim thiab theories ntawm no peb philosophers tom qab pheej supplemented thiab paub los ntawm lwm tus neeg, kuv tus kheej, thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm classical German philosophy.

Piv txwv li, Ludwig Feuerbach (1804-1872), uas nws ua hauj lwm tau koom mus rau ib tug tom qab lub sij hawm, thiab thuam cov idealism nrhiav kom qhia ib tug zoo ib yam thiab coherent materialist saib ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Feuerbach yog ib tug staunch atheist, thiab yog li ntawd nrhiav los ua pov thawj rau hauv lub artificiality ntawm Vajtswv thiab cov kev hloov ntawm nws cov duab ntawm unrealized tib neeg hom phiaj.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm German classical philosophy - nws yog feem ntau cov dominance ntawm idealist txoj hauj lwm. Uas yog vim li cas niaj hnub philosophy rau qhov cov kom pom tseeb rau hauv kev kawm, tsis yog tus kwv. Ib qho tseem ceeb feature ntawm lub philosophical lus qhuab qhia yog pantheism - cov rejection ntawm cov duab ntawm Vajtswv raws li ib tug neeg, xws li ib tug txiv neej, thiab ntawm equating Vajtswv nrog tag nrho cov ntug, kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub oneness ntawm tag nrho lub neej thiab txoj kev ntawm qhov.

German classical philosophy, ib tug general yam ntxwv uas muaj tam sim no ua cov kev kawm ntawm peb cov kev sib tham, yog ib tug haib foundation uas tag nrho cov niaj hnub philosophies.