Foundation pawg: xyuas. Ntsia Hlau pawg-lub hauv paus. Monolithic pawg foundation

Yog tsis muaj lub hauv paus nws yog tsis yooj yim sua xav txog tej yam tej lub tsev, tsis muaj ntau los yog tsawg dua loj lub tsev nyob rau ib suburban site. Cov teeb meem tsuas yog hais tias tus nqi ntawm ib tug zoo paus yog heev siab heev, thiaj li muaj yog ib txwm raug kev sim siab mus nrhiav ib co ntau pheej yig, tab sis high-kev xaiv zoo.

Ib tug ntawm lawv yog lub hauv paus pawg. Xyuas hais tias nws cov khoom yog txaus rau hauv nruab nrab teb chaws tsev, tsis hais tus da thiab lwm yam tsev neeg vaj tse. Niaj hnub no peb saib tsis tau tsuas yog cov lus teb ntawm cov neeg muas zaub, tab sis kuj yog vim li cas uas ua rau lawv. Cov yav tas yog heev tseem ceeb raws li cov tswv yim kev tshawb no yog tseem ceeb heev rau cov me nyuam yaus rau ib lub tsev xaiv.

Yog vim li cas pawg cov me nyuam yaus yog li nrov?

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, lub hauv paus rau lub tsev xaiv ib tug zuj zus ntawm developers. Yog vim li cas yog nws tshaj lub technology twb tshaj lub sij hawm-mus soj ntsuam thiab tag nrho txhim khu kev qha cov kev xaiv?

• Firstly, nws yog ceev. Qhov twg koj tseem yuav nrhiav tau ib tug hauv paus uas yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv cia li ib hnub?
• Secondly, cheapness. Muab hais tias tus nqi ntawm MAAs yog lossi nce, tus nqi ntawm ib tug pa sawb foundation yog ntuj-high.
• Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, xws li ib tug hauv paus yuav ua tau lub tsev mus rau nteg nyob rau tsis ruaj tsis khov hauv av, raws li tau zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub tej yam kev mob ntawm permafrost.
• Yog hais tias lub bookmarks technology tau tua kom raug, lub hauv paus yog tsis prosyadet, thiab lub tsev yuav tsum muaj kev nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob.

Neeg xyuas qhia tau tias nyob rau hauv cia li ib ob peb lub lis piam, lawv ua ib tug tag nrho cov ntaub thaiv npog lub tsev, noj zoo dua ntawm lub pawg technology. Lwm yam builders tau pom hais tias qhov uas tsis muaj nqi ntawm pawg twj ywm nyob rau hauv ib pob nyiaj siv, muaj los ua ib tug heev dlej tsev. Los ntawm txoj kev, ntsia hlau-pawg foundation, tus nqi ntawm uas yog hais txog 13-14 txhiab rubles, muaj nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua txhua tej zaum homeowner.

Tus nqi ntawm cov ib pawg (76 hli inch) yog hais txog 1200 rubles. Nyob rau nruab nrab ib lub tsev tseg tsis pub dhau kaum pawg.

Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov technology

Los ntawm txoj kev, yuav ua li cas nws yog ua li cas tso no hom ntawm lub hauv paus? Raws li lub npe implies, nws yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov ntsia hlau pawg. Lawv yog ua los ntawm cov hlau, thiab qhov kawg ntawm txhua yam ntxwv caij muaj ib tug hniav (raws li cov dej khov screws) tsim rau faus nws nyob rau hauv lub hauv av. Tab sis nrog rau qhov no tus taw tes thiab pib heev heev tsis sib haum.

Ib tug neeg xav hais tias cov kev siv yuav tsum raug coj mus faus nrog cov kev pab los ntawm hnyav machinery, ib tug neeg insists on lub fact tias rau cov hom phiaj yog heev haum phau ntawv quab yuam pab neeg ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm uas yuav nruab ib lub pawg foundation. Nqus nws yuav feem ntau muab lub tuam txhab tib qhov chaw uas koj ntiav cov tub txawg. Yog li ntawd nws puv tawm ntau heev pheej yig dua, thiab nyob rau hauv lub zos cov txheej txheem, koj yuav tau ua kom lawv constructive cov tswv yim.

kev tsis zoo

Nws yuav tsum tau ua ib tug digression, piav txog tus weaknesses ntawm no technology. Yog hais tias buyers tsis paub lawv nyob rau hauv ua ntej, ces qhov feem pua ntawm cov disaffected yuav ua rau kom.

• Yog hais tias cov av kaw ntom nti ua (peb yuav hais kom ntau tshaj nyob rau hauv hais tias hauv qab no), tus ntsia hlau-pawg-paus lawv yuav tsis nteg. Qhov tseeb yog hais tias thaum koj sim mus saws lawv nyob rau hauv ib pawg, ib tug txheej nrog ib tug high school cov probability yuav yuav puas ntsoog, risking ceev corrosion. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, koj muaj peev xwm siv ib tug tshwj xeeb cov txheej txheem, tab sis nws yuav ho ua rau kom tus nqi ntawm cov ua hauj lwm.
• Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, yog hais tias tus pawg yog tsis zoo muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm xeb dab, tsis muaj dab tsi zoo yog qhov zoo dua tsis tos.
• Twisted pawg tsis xws luag tsis xyuas.

Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv ib lub teb chaws lub tsev, uas yog kev txhawb rau ib tug hauv paus, nws yog yooj yim sua kom ib tug hauv qab daus. Qhov no tsis tsuas ua rau nws tsis yooj yim sua kom muaj domestic npaj, tab sis kuj yuav ua tau rau kev nrhiav cov tsev nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no tsis kaj siab, raws li cov plag tsev yog txias.

Muaj coob tus neeg tsis zoo siab nrog lawv xaiv ntawm lub hauv paus yog xwb vim lub fact tias siv tuam txhab uas muag tswj tsuas txiav cov ntaub ntawv. Nco ntsoov tias, zoo siab Ode pawg cov me nyuam yaus feem ntau hu cov tuam txhab uas muag uas demand xwb lub profit. Yog hais tias lub tuam txhab loj, nws cov kws txawj nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub yuav tsum ceeb toom tej zaum buyers txog cov tau teeb meem thiab shortcomings ntawm cuab technology.

Thiab lwm. Cov kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm lub tsev nyob rau pawg me nyuam yaus tsis tshua tshaj 100-120 xyoo, li ntawd, yuav tsim ib tug "zes" koj yuav tsis vam meej. Qhov tseeb yuav tsum tau borne nyob rau hauv lub siab. Txawm li cas los, cov ntsia hlau pawg-lub hauv paus, tus nqi ntawm uas yog heev me me, tsis tshua muaj siv rau qhov kev siv ntawm tej monumental tsev. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, lawv tsa ib tug me me lub teb chaws cottages, tsim los rau xyoo ntawm ib tsev neeg ntawm ob tug los yog peb cov neeg.

Txawm li cas los, muaj kev zam, thaum pawg ua rau ib tug heev impressive tsev ntau thiab tsawg pab. Nws yog ua tau, tab sis yuav tau siv ntau tshaj plaws cov khoom ruaj ruaj.

Khawb los yog tsis mus khawb?

Heev feem ntau peb nyeem tsis zoo xyuas los ntawm cov neeg uas ntiav neeg ua hauj lwm rau phau ntawv burrowing pawg. Lawv hais tias lub hauv paus ntawm "mus taug kev" foundation rau hauv lub chav 40-50 cm! Yuav ua li cas yog qhov teeb meem? Yuav ua li cas yog tus nom technology?

Nco ntsoov tias nws yog heev nyiam ob txoj kev. Tab sis! Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los ua tim nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias cov phau ntawv instillation yuav tsum nruj me ntsis raws li uas muaj tej yam kev cai, uas nyob rau hauv feem ntau tus neeg mob tsis quav ntsej yam xyuam xim. Yog li, nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lus qhia nws hais tias pawg yuav tsum tau screwed los ntawm kos, tsis muaj ntxiv qhov. Nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag, nws yog tsim nyog ua kom ncaj me ntsis av, xyuas kom meej qhov tseeb coj ntawm kev tsav tsheb. No ua ntej yuav tsum khawb ib tug me me qhov (tsis ntau tshaj li 15-20 cm). Nws yog tso rau hauv cov pawg, uas yog pib rau ntswj tes.

tswv yim teeb meem

Thiab yuav ua li cas, nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, ua lub hauv paus ntawm cov pawg? Xyuas qhia tau tias txog ib tug kawm hais lus technology tsis mus. Feem ntau, thawj khawb ib tug lossis loj lub qhov nyob rau hauv lub qhov tob ntawm ib tug ob peb meters, ces ntxig rau pawg, crank ib tug ob peb lub sij hawm, ces nphoo no mess av. Lawm, lub ntseeg nyob rau hauv no hom ntawm kev tsim kho tsis tau. Thaum tus thawj nag los ntxuav hauv pem teb, thiab pawg yog hawking.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov neeg feem ntau qhia tias thaum lub sij hawm cov pawg lossi co ntxias lis, yuav ua rau nws yooj yim mus ceev lawv. Yog li ntawd ua tsis tau nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub nws yog tsis yooj yim sua! Tej neeg ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau xa rov qab. Pawg lawv nyuaj-boiled, tab sis hais tias tsuas yog ib tug ob peb xyoos pawg foundation rau lub tsev yuav ua tau prosest - thiab koj lub tsev banked. Yog li, feem ntau ntawm cov tsis zoo comments txuam nrog uas tsis yog raws kev cai commonplace technology. Nws nyuaj siab heev, vim hais tias cov me nyuam yaus ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no muaj pov thawj yuav tsum tau tsuas yog nyob rau qhov zoo sab.

Tsis tas li ntawd, feem ntau cov kev pab muaj manic lub tswv yim ntawm cov nyiaj khaws tseg: xws 'thrifty' tej zaum cov neeg xaiv los ntawm ib tug hlau pawg mus rau hauv 2 hli tuab, thiab ces yws ntawm subsidence ntawm lub hauv paus. Nco ntsoov tias assumes SNIP: pawg cov me nyuam yaus ua los ntawm steel tsawg kawg yog 4 hli tuab. Mark hlau - 20, txij li thaum nws yog yam tsawg kawg 10-15% check ntau tshaj hlau-feem-peb ntawm lub hom, uas yog feem ntau siv los ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov kev tsim kho tuam txhab uas muag.

Tseem Ceeb!

Muaj ntau buyers tsis txaus siab ntawm tsis tau saib xyuas tuam txhab uas muag, uas yog ua lawv txoj hauj lwm tsis zoo. Xyuas ntawm dab neeg ntshai heev ua kom tiav, tiam sis koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias yog hais tias koj xav kom ua hauj lwm rau ntswj pawg, lub xeem zawm - ib tug yuav tsum!

Tsis txhob siv cov kev pab cuam ntawm cov tuam txhab uas tso nws maj mam. Txawm tias muaj cov Geodesy tau nyob rau hauv ntau dua los yog tsawg sib sib zog nqus khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov av yuav ua tau ib tug ntau ntawm stony pob zeb, thiab lwm yam teeb meem uas ua rau nws tsis yooj yim sua teeb lub hauv paus. Tus nqi ntawm cov chaw ua hauj lwm thaum nws yog ho ntau dua, tab sis nws yog tsim nyog nws.

Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj cia li yuav ib pawg ntawm cov neeg muag khoom, ib tug unit yuav raug nqi txog 1,200 rubles, thaum nrog xeem drilling thiab cementing ceeb, nws cov nqi yuav sawv mus rau 1,300 rubles los yog ntau tshaj. Txawm li cas los, Yog hais tias koj tsis muaj kev tsim kho ua hauj lwm, nws yog zoo dua siv cov kev pab ntawm cov tub txawg uas tau pw xws cov me nyuam yaus ua ntej.

Raug - thawj thiab foremost!

Sawv daws yeej paub hais tias thaum casting daim kab xev puag yuav tau tos rau tej lub sij hawm, thaum lub sij hawm uas lub pob zeb yog txaus kho tau zoo. Coj txawv txawv, tab sis rau ib txhia yog vim li cas cov tib neeg piously paub tseeb hais tias nws yog tau siv ib tug ntsia hlau-pawg foundation nyob rau hauv ob peb teev tom qab sib ntswg.

Far ntawm nws! Kws txawj hais tias qhov zoo tagnrho yog kev muab pawg tsawg kawg ib xyoos, thaum lub sij hawm uas yuav thaum kawg ntsws hauv av thiab phiaj siv. Yog hais tias koj tsuag tsuag, ces tsis muaj dab tsi zoo yuav tuaj rau nws: thiab muaj npau taws xyuas nyob rau hauv cov neeg uas tsis txaus siab txog lwm tus txoj kev technology shortcomings.

Qhov yuav tsum tau rau geodetic daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias pawg yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav screwed "raws li tau txais", thiab nyob rau hauv raws li cov tswv yim xav txog kev teem. Ua ntej yuav siv yuav tsum tau hu ua tshwj xeeb los ntawm lub Geodetic Survey thiab paub qhov tob ntawm cov tuab khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov av. Nws yog mus rau lawv cov qib yuav tsum nteg xws li ib tug hauv paus, txij li thaum txwv tsis pub tus pawg yuav nws thiaj li ua tau ib tug me ntsis xoob nyob rau hauv lub mos av.

Nco ntsoov hais tias nws yog ntshaw kom cap cov pawg foundation MAAs tam sim ntawd, raws li yog hais tias tus lub sij hawm mus ncuav rau lub pob zeb ua yam ntxwv ib feem, lub ntau yam ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov sib txawv yog zoo heev txo.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm workflow

Oddly txaus, tab sis rau ib txhia yog vim li cas muaj ntau yam ntawm peb cov khub pej xeem yog kiag li tsis nco qab lawm hais txog qhov no me me kom meej. Tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi lub koob npe nrov muaj ib tug kev tsim kho lub tuam txhab, tab sis koj (lossis koj tus neeg sawv cev) yuav tsum nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Peb twb hais tias cov neeg ua hauj lwm tej zaum yuav muaj recourse mus rau lub loj ntawm tricks mus piv rau tus txheej txheem, tab sis ua tsis tau nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub tsis yooj yim sua.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tam sim ntawd kos qhov zoo tshaj ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, thiab tag nrho photographing txheej txheem, pib los ntawm thaum ntxov ua sawv, yog tias tsim nyog. Xyuas hais tias lub xub ntiag ntawm tej khoom yog suav tias yog kev thov sai sai. Txawm careless builders nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, xav kom daws qhov teeb meem amicably, txij li thaum txwv tsis pub tus tsev hais plaub yuav tseem sawv nyob rau sab ntawm tus neeg.

Kev khiav hauj lwm kev ntawm lub tsev nyob rau cov pawg-av screws

Peb tsab xov xwm yuav deb los ntawm ua kom tiav yog hais tias peb tsis tau sib tham txog lub tswv yim kev ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm vaj tse uas tau muab tso rau hauv lub ntsia hlau-pawg foundation. Yog li ntawd, dab tsi yuav qhia lub hauv paus pawg? Xyuas contradictory, tab sis ib co heev ntxhais yog tseem tam sim no.

Ua ntej, yuav luag tag nrho cov tswv tsev hais tias nyob rau hauv pem teb nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no txias. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb yog rau hauv rooj plaub thaum lub tsev yog muab tso rau hauv ib qho qhib field, nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam uas tsis muab ntim rau los ntawm ib tug laj kab tsawg kawg. Cua ntsawj lub qhov chaw dawb ntawm lub pawg thiab cov tsev, kom ntseeg tau ruaj khov (thiab tseem ceeb) tsis ntawm tshav kub. Koj yuav yooj yim pom tau tias cov pawg foundation, uas muaj ib tug yees duab nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, muaj peev xwm nqa tau ib lub tsev nyob rau hauv ib tug dlej siab.

Yog li, kuv yuav qhia ua hauv qab no:

• Nco ntsoov insulate hauv pem teb uas niaj hnub cov ntaub ntawv, tsis nco qab txog lub vapor barrier.
• Tiv thaiv cov puag ncig laj kab los yog tej qhov chaw uas yuav txo cov cua ceev.
• Thaum kawg, nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no koj yuav tsum daus obkidyvat ib lub tsev, kaw cov kis ntawm tus hauv av thiab hauv pem teb.

Raws li rau durability, nws yog tseem heev thaum ntxov mus rau kos tej cov lus xaus. Tsis tau tsis muaj ib lub tsev, muab tso rau hauv cov ntsia hlau pawg nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, twb tsis zoo siab rau nws cov fiftieth hnub tseem ceeb. Txawm li cas los, tsev tsis nco ntsoov tias thaum twg distortions tsis tshwm sim (tshwj tsis yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm technology tsis meej).

Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, thaum no technology nyob rau hauv qhib rau tej qhov chaw ntawm peb lub teb chaws tau muaj pov thawj nws tus kheej kws zoo, thiaj li muaj yog tsis muaj tshwj xeeb yog vim li cas tsis siv nws.

Cov cuab yeej ntawm monolithic pawg foundation

Nyob rau hauv thawj ib feem ntawm qhov tsab xov xwm peb ntsia tus qauv foundation pawg. Teb txog nws es contradictory, tab sis peb pom tias nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua tus neeg mob, ib co kev tsis zoo yog yuav luag ib txwm tshwm sim vim cov txhaum los yog cov builders lawv tus kheej, los yog cov neeg muas zaub uas tsis yog tswj los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias universal hom pawg tsuas yog tsis muaj. Tsis nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov tshwm sim yuav muaj peev xwm kom los siav koj xav tau kev pab ntawm ib tug ntau yam muab kauv, li ntawd, niaj hnub no peb yuav sib tham txog lub tsev pawg foundation, raws li nyob rau hauv cov tswv yim los ntawm cov neeg muas zaub.

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub builders hu no hom ntawm cov me nyuam yaus "flush pier foundation" uas tsis tiv thaiv peb xav txog nws los ntawm piling txoj hauj lwm. Cia li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv lawv tsis screwed sib nrug thiab muaj pob zeb nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub saum toj no-piav technology yog kev khawb txais tos. Ua ntej, yuav tsum tau drilled qhov txoj kab uas hla ntawm nws cov hauv qab nchuav haib xuab zeb txaj, yog muaj zog dua, thiab ces ncuav qhob mortar.

Lub sab qaum kev ib yog mounted grillage uas txuas rau tag nrho cov qauv nyob rau hauv ib monolith muaj zoo heev zog yam ntxwv. Yuav ua li cas yog qhov zoo ntawm no technology?

• Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, ntau yooj yim mus nrhiav tau ib tug txheej txheem rau drilling tshaj ntswj pawg.
• Nws tsis yog precluded los ntawm kev khawb li ntawd koj yuav tam sim ntawd tau ntsib nrog tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov av.
• Muaj yog tsis muaj kev phom sij uas cov pawg puas tsuaj los yog deformed, raws li nws cov filling yog ua li cas ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov chaw.
• Zoo qhob yog siv rau centuries raws li zoo raws li cov neeg uas xav los tsim lawv tus kheej "zes" qhia tau hais tias ib tug monolithic pawg foundation. Technology qhia tias lub tsev yuav sawv rau ib lub sij hawm ntev.

neeg Testimonials

Raws li nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los cov ntaub ntawv, koj yuav tsum sib tham txog cov tam sim ntawd zoo nkaus li cov neeg uas nyob rau hauv xws li lub tsev nyob. Firstly, cov neeg siv tau qhia txog ib tug qeeb qeeb tus nqi ntawm bookmarks (nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog helical pawg). Qhov no yog offset los ntawm ntau dua zoo tshaj ntawm cov chaw ua hauj lwm, Yog hais tias cov kev tswj ntawm qhov kev npaj ntawm lub pob zeb ua, txawm lwj liam neeg ua hauj lwm yuav ua nyuaj rau lwj ib yam dab tsi.

Cov builders kuj taw tes kom paub tias nws tsis yog tsim nyog los khawb ib tug lossis loj lub qhov nyob rau hauv ib tug ob peb meters sib sib zog nqus. Rau qhov nruab nrab lub teb chaws tsev yog txaus rau tho ib tug zoo mus rau ib tug tob ntawm 80 cm. Tseem Ceeb! Judging los ntawm cov kev txheeb xyuas, ntau yog ua rau nyob rau hauv muaj li ib Rev ntawm muab tub lim (crushed pob zeb, crushed cib). Xws li ib tug installation ntawm pawg foundation yog pom txhua qhov txhia chaw.

Yog li ntawd koj yuav tsum tsis txhob ua li cas, kev qhia tau hais tias hais tias xws li pawg yuav keej, thaum cov ntshiab nyob rau hauv situ qhob yuav sawv ntsug rau xyoo. Feem ntau muaj cov dab neeg uas thaum lub sij hawm tshem tawm ntawm cov laus plhis (nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb ntawm pawg siv rau ib ntev lub sij hawm) qhob txhua (raws li lawv tau 60-70 xyoo) kuj nyob rau hauv zoo meej mob, thaum feem ntau ntawm cov kev tsim kho tau ntev tseem tsuas cov thoob khib nyiab.

Tseem Ceeb! Nyob rau hauv tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsis siv ib tug welded haum rau pouring cov me nyuam yaus! Xyuas ntawm ib co builders qhia tau tias cov kev siv ntawm tej kev daws teeb meem ua rau cracking thiab deformation ntawm cov pawg. Qhov no yog hais tias lub reinforcing moj khaum yuav tsum tau saj zawg zog (knitted) rau tusyees faib lub load tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov khoom.

Welded cov qauv tsis tau raws li cov uas yuav tsum tau, thiab yog li ntawd yuav ua rau tej kab nrib pleb. Ib txhia lovers ntawm lub teb chaws so, uas nws tus kheej nchuav monolithic pawg foundation, feem ntau nco ntsoov tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tej kab nrib pleb nyob rau hauv lub qhov cuab lub zog pib mus sai heev txeem mus rau hauv cov dej. Cov no predetermined: active corrosion thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov pawg. Tsis txhob rov qab ua yuam kev ntawm lwm leej lwm tus, ua rau tus tsim ntawm pawg cov me nyuam yaus!

Cov kev xaiv xwb rau heaving xau

Xau, uas nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob (caij ntuj no) yuav ua rau lawv hloov lawv txoj kev loj hlob, cia li o ntawm qhov chaw, hu ua puchinistymi. Lawv yog cov mob taub hau tiag tiag rau txhua tus kws kho mob thiab cov neeg uas nyob hauv lawv cov cheeb tsam.

Thiab cia li zoo li lub hauv paus chaw (nws tus nqi yog qhov tsawg heev), uas yog nyob rau hauv qab no ntawm txoj kev khov kho ntawm qhov uas ua rau tsiaj txhu, yog qhov kev cawmdim. Raws li cov neeg nyob hauv cov tsev nyob ntawm cov cua, tsis muaj teeb meem ntawm qhov qab daus, thaum lub hauv paus li ib txwm siv ntawm kab xev "hom kua muag" thaum ntxov li xyoo ob los yog peb lub xyoo ntawm lub tsev.