Internet, Hluav taws xob ua lag luam
E-commerce: kev loj hlob, siv, prospects
Txhua txhua hnub, tib neeg yog pib mus rau ntau nquag siv cov ntaub ntawv yees. Ua li no, nws yuav siv cov Internet. Niaj hnub no, qhov no system yog yuav luag tag nrho cov koom haum yuav qhib lawv qhov chaw. Tsis txhob sawv ntsug ib sab, thiab zoo tib yam cov pej xeem. Lawv muab yug mus rau lawv tus kheej cov nplooj ntawv rau ntau yam kev tes hauj lwm.
Internet - yog ib qho qhib system nrog ib tug loj cov neeg tuaj saib, uas tso cai rau rau ib tug kiag li tshiab sis ntawm cov neeg siv. Thiab muaj tsis muaj dab tsi ceeb nyob rau hauv lub fact tias nws pib yuav tsum tau lug siv rau e-ua lag ua luam. Qhov no yog ib tug tseem tshiab npaum li, tsis tsuas ua lag luam thiab nyiaj txiag, tab sis kuj sib raug zoo thiab kev cai kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov koom haum thiab cov neeg.
Keeb kwm ntawm creation
E-ua lag ua luam yog cov koom ua ke ntawm cov lag luam thiab cov tib neeg uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm e-lag luam. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog koom nyob rau hauv lub enterprise network. Rau hnub tim, qhov no system yog nyob rau theem ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ntawm hauv Internet.
Yuav ua li cas yog e-commerce? Rau hauv sib piv, e-ua lag ua luam yog ib lub sij hawm muaj ib tug nqaim lub ntsiab lus. Nws yuav siv cov lub Internet raws li ib tug ntaub ntawv channel rau lub koom haum ntawm ua lag ua luam dab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, muaj yog tsis muaj tsoos tswvyim ntawm "nyiaj-khoom". Nws yog hloov los ntawm "ntaub ntawv-ntaub ntawv".
Cov kev loj hlob ntawm e-commerce nyob rau hauv Russia yuav tsiag ntawv los ntawm cov hauv qab no cov kauj ruam:
1. 1991-1993. Thoob plaws hauv lub sij hawm no, hauv Internet yog lub tsuas nruab nrab ntawm kev sib txuas lus nruab nrab ntawm cov kev zej zog, kev chaw zov me nyuam, computer tshwj xeeb, thiab tsoom fwv cov koom haum.
2. 1994-1997. Thaum lub sij hawm no tau ib tug thoob ntiaj teb network pib ib yam txaus siab nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws tus pej xeem.
3. Los ntawm 1998 mus rau tam sim hnub e-ua lag ua luam kev koom tsim nrog kev pab los ntawm lub Internet thiab e-lag luam.
tshiab nta
Tuam txhab uas muag ua lub lag luam nyob rau hauv ib tug ib txwm txoj kev, yog lub luag hauj lwm rau txhua theem ntawm cov kev ua. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lawv siv lossis loj nyiaj ntawm cov nyiaj rau cov khoom kev loj hlob thiab ntau lawm, qhov ntxiv tus me nyuam thiab muag khoom ntawm tas cov khoom. Loj nyiaj txiag kev pab yuav tsum tau thiab logistical kev pab txhawb nqa ntawm lub tag nrho kev siv cov txheej txheem.
Tiam sis ntawm no muaj e-lag luam. Nws pib lub tsheb txhob sibtsoo transformation ntawm qhauj networked virtual cov koom haum. Ntxiv mus, txhua yam ntawm cov mej zeej ntawm lub zej zog muaj lub sij hawm ntawm lawv cov kev ua ub no tsom ntsoov rau cov tsim nyog txoj kev. Qhov no pub rau ua xa tuaj rau cov neeg muas zaub ntau li ntau tau tiav lawm kev daws teeb meem.
- video conferencing;
- nqa tawm on-line kev kawm;
- txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshiab li cov qauv;
- cov creation ntawm ib tug ua lag ua luam puag ncig ntawm cov ntaub ntawv systems;
- muab ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv;
- kev siv ntawm cov nyiaj txiag kev koom tes;
- txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug tshiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob technology tuam txhab uas muag;
- Qhib ntawm tshiab uas tsis muaj nqi channel;
- strengthening ntawm kev koom tes;
- kev pab txhawb nqa rau lwm cov tswv yim;
- txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug tshiab kev khwv nyiaj txiag ntawm siv thiab ua thiab purchase ntawm cov khoom.
Lub ntsiab hauj lwm uas cov lag luam tawm nyob rau hauv Internet
Kev siv ntawm e-commerce yuav:
- lag luam ntawm yam ua ntej muaj mob nrog rau tej khoom, cov neeg thiab cov neeg muas zaub ntawm lub Internet;
- pauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob hom, tsim nyog rau qhov kev siv ntawm purchase thiab muag khoom muas;
- muag ntawm cov khoom los yog cov kev pab cuam;
- pre-muag advertising khoom thiab post-muag neeg yug nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws briefings rau lub muas khoom;
- hluav taws xob kev them nyiaj rau cov khoom yuav nrog kev siv ntawm cov hluav taws xob nyiaj hloov tsheb, credit cards thiab cov tshev mis;
- me nyuam ntawm cov khoom rau tus neeg muas zaub.
Lub tswvyim ntawm "ua lag ua luam rau ua lag ua luam"
Muaj ntau hom kev e-lag luam. Ntxiv mus, lawv faib yuav lub hom phiaj pab pawg neeg ntawm cov neeg. Ib tug ntawm cov hom ntawm e-commerce yog ib tug tswvyim ntawm "ua lag ua luam rau ua lag ua luam" los yog B2B. No sis yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim haum hauv paus ntsiab lus. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv lub fact tias ib tug tuam txhab muag mus rau lwm lub.
Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias niaj hnub no muaj lwm hom ntawm e-commerce, B2B yog lub feem ntau sai heev tsim tej thaj chaw uas muaj heev zoo zeem muag. Tsaug rau lub Internet platform rau tag nrho cov trading txheej txheem yuav ntau npaum thiab pob tshab. Yog li tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tus neeg muas zaub tuam txhab muaj peev xwm rau kev sib tham sib kev tswj ntawm lub tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv ntawm tej hauj lwm, cov kev pab los yog cov khoom siv los ntawm cov khoom. Ua li no, nws yuav siv databases lub koom haum-neeg muag khoom.
Los ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov "ua lag ua luam-yuav-ua lag ua luam" qauv yog qhov tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tus cwj pwm ntawm e-commerce yog tsis yooj yim sua yam uas tsis muaj siab cia li sib raug zoo ntawm cov koom haum rau entrepreneurial kev ua si. Thiab nws muaj ib tug heev txaus nyiam prospect. Ua lag ua luam nyob rau hauv lub B2B sector, lub tuam txhab nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus daws tau qhov teeb meem ntawm txoj automation ntawm nws cov sab hauv kev tswj.
Trading platforms rau lub tswvyim "ua lag ua luam rau ua lag ua luam"
Nyob rau hauv e-commerce, muaj tshwj xeeb qhov chaw nyob qhov twg deals no yog ua los thiab siv los ntawm cov nyiaj txiag muas. Qhov no yog qhov trading platforms uas yog virtual nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no. Lawv yuav tsum tau tsim:
- buyers;
- sellers;
- ib tug neeg thib peb.
Rau hnub tim, lub qauv rau B2B yog peb hom trading platforms. Qhov no pauv, auction thiab catalog. Cia peb kawm lawv nyob rau hauv kom meej.
Tsim ib tug directory tswj kev siv ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb muaj peev xwm muaj los ntawm niaj hnub ntaub ntawv systems. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub buyer muaj cai los sib piv thiab xaiv tau cov khoom ntawm tus nqi, tus me nyuam hnub, warranty, thiab hais txog. D. phoontawv yog siv nyob rau hauv lag luam uas lub feem ntau heev yog muas rau qhov kev siv ntawm cov uas tsis muaj nqi khoom muag, thiab qhov twg thov yog kom paub tseeb tseeb, thiab tus nqi sib txawv heev tsis tshua muaj.
Raws li rau lub auction, ces qhov no trading platform qauv yog yus muaj los ntawm uas tsis yog-tsau nqi. Kawg them tus nqi ntawm cov khoom yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub txib txheej txheem. Auctions yog siv nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub uas lub pauv khoom los yog cov kev pab yog nws nyob rau hauv nws cov hom. Tej zaum nws yuav muaj tsawg yam khoom los yog peev khoom, khoom kias, thiab hais txog. D.
Kws txawj twv seb zoo zeem muag ntawm e-commerce, siv cov qauv no. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, xws muag khoom yog muaj txiaj ntsim cov neeg muas zaub. Tom qab tag nrho, cov lag luam tawm yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub neeg coj mus muag website tsis muaj intermediaries. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, rau ib tug zoo xws li cov trading platform yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm kev ua hauj lwm ntawm ib tug neeg muag khoom nrog ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm buyers.
Muaj tsis ntev los no thiab tshiab ntau ntau yam kev muag khoom qauv nyob rau hauv lub B2B sector. Qhov no catalog systems uas muab ntau yam cov neeg muag khoom. Pib ua hauj lwm thiab hluav taws xob platforms uas muab cov yam ntxwv ntawm Txauv thiab Auction. Xws li ib tug e-commerce thiaj li lub sij hawm thiab nyiaj txiag nqi ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev xaiv ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws cov khoom, raws li zoo raws li lub npe ntawm cov kev sib pauv ntawm buyer thiab muag khoom.
Lub tswvyim ntawm "ua lag ua luam rau cov neeg siv"
E-ua lag luam, raws li nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov B2C, pom nws daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub uas enterprise cov neeg muas zaub yog tsis raws li txoj cai, thiab lub cev neeg. Feem ntau nws yog ib lub khw muag khoom muag ntawm cov khoom. Qhov no txoj kev ntawm ua ib tug coj mus muag lw yog lig rau tus neeg. Nws muab ib lub sij hawm rau kom thiab piv cov purchase ntawm qhov tsim nyog yam rau nws. Nyob rau hauv tib neeg, yog tsis muaj yuav tsum tau mus kav khw. Nws yog txaus mus kawm ntawv tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom rau lub lag luam neeg qhov chaw, xaiv cov yam qauv thiab kom ib yam khoom uas yuav tsum xa mus rau lub stated chaw nyob.
E-ua lag luam nyob rau hauv Internet rau ib tug "ua lag ua luam-rau-neeg" thiab muaj txiaj ntsim tsum. Nws muaj ib lub sij hawm rau thov traceability, siv nrog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus cov kev pab rau xwm cov ntsiab lus.
Ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws tuam txhab uas muag kev khiav hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub B2C qauv, yog ib tug American lub tuam txhab Amazon.com. Nws thiaj li tawm tau lub khw muag khoom muag ntawm cov phau ntawv thiab muaj ntau tshaj li ib lab cov neeg muas zaub thoob ntiaj teb. Siv cov tswvyim ntawm "ua lag ua luam rau cov neeg siv", lub tuam txhab equalized nkag tau mus rau cov khoom ntawm cov neeg muas zaub ntawm txawv teb chaws. Thiab nws tsis nyob qhov twg cov qhua tuaj noj mov nyob rau hauv ib tug loj lub nroog los yog nyob rau hauv ib tug tej thaj chaw deb thaj av ntawd.
Trading platforms rau lub tswvyim "ua lag ua luam rau cov neeg siv"
Nyob rau hauv lub B2C sector ntawm cov khoom yog muag los ntawm:
- hluav taws xob khw muag khoom noj thiab khw arcades;
- Web-qhov rais ntau;
- tshwj xeeb hauv internet systems;
- auctions.
Xav txog cov trading platforms ntau. E-ua lag luam ntawm me me thiab medium-qhov loj qhov me tuam txhab uas muag, raws li ib tug txoj cai, nws yog nqa tawm los ntawm hauv internet khw muag khoom. Cov virtual platforms - tsis yog hais tias lwm yam, raws li lub tuam txhab qhov chaw. Ib tug ntau cov qauv muaj nyob hauv internet ibyam. Lawv muab tso rau ntau yam virtual khw muag khoom noj.
E-ua lag luam nyob rau hauv Russia yog feem ntau ua los ntawm kev me me Web-khw qhov rais. Cov lag luam kab, feem ntau yog muaj me me ua lag ua luam npe. Lub ntsiab ntsiab ntawm tej chaw yog catalogs los yog nqi npe uas qhia txog cov khoom los yog kev pab cuam ntawm nws tus kheej, raws li zoo raws li ib tug system rau tus sau los ntawm kev txiav txim tau txais los ntawm cov neeg muas zaub.
Online Trading Systems (Tis) siv los ntawm loj Holdings, tuam txhab uas muag thiab corporations. Cov virtual platforms pab kom qhauj ua rau kom cov mov ntawm cov kev pab kev kawm thiab kev muag khoom, raws li zoo raws li tsim lub feem ntau muaj kuab mov chains rau raw khoom ntau lawm, cov ntaub ntawv, khoom siv, thiab li ntawm. D.
Lub tswvyim ntawm "neeg-rau-neeg"
Cov kev loj hlob ntawm e-commerce tau coj mus rau lub tsos ntawm C2C muas. Tau ntawm tau txais kev pab uas yog tsis ua lag luam. Nrog rau qhov no tswvyim, e-commerce sellers tswg lawv muaj nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb Internet chaw, uas yog ib tug ntoo khaub lig ntawm ib tug ib txwm ua lag luam, cov dev mub ua lag luam, thiab cov ntawv xov xwm tawm. Piv txwv li, U.S. mob yog li no ebay.com. Qhov no yog ib tug thib peb tog, uas tau txais kev pab yuav nkag rau hauv tej lw nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm. Thiab lawv kis tau ncaj qha mus rau hauv Internet thiab muaj ib tug hluav taws xob auction hom. C2C qauv tau ua heev nrov hnub no. Buyers nyob rau tib lub sij hawm txhawb khoom nqi, uas yog tsawg dua nyob rau hauv khw muag khoom noj.
lwm yam schemes
Yuav ua li cas lwm tus muaj peev xwm yuav e-commerce? Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau saum toj-piav feem ntau schemes ua ib ke thiab ob peb lwm tus neeg. Lawv yog cov tsis nrov heev, txawm li cas los, yog siv nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm tej tus neeg mob. Yog li, siv cov e-commerce ua tau los ntawm cov kev sis raug zoo ntawm ob leeg kev cai lij choj cov chaw thiab cov tib neeg uas lub xeev lug. Qhov no hais txog lub txhaws ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab sau los ntawm cov se, nyiaj ua hauj lwm nrog kev lis kev cai cov koom haum, thiab hais txog. D. Tej ntaub ntawv ntawm kev koom tes twb tau tsuas yog nrog rau cov kev loj hlob ntawm Internet technologies.
Ib tug tseem ceeb kom zoo dua ntawm no tswvyim yog kom pab txhawb e-commerce ua tau zoo ntawm civil txib thiab qhov kev tso tawm ntawm lub kuj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.
Basic kev cai rau entrepreneurs
eCommerce Fundamentals yuav tsum paub leej twg uas xav kom muaj lawv tus kheej ua lag ua luam raws li cov ntaub ntawv yees. Muaj tej yam yooj yim cov kev cai uas yuav tsum ua zoo ntawm kev ua lej khu lub rooj rau tej neeg muag khoom. Leej twg uas xav mus ua ib tug khiav nyob rau hauv cov kev sib tw, yuav tsum:
- tsim ib qho chaw uas yog optimized rau nrhiav xyaw;
- hloov koj cov neeg tuaj saib rau hauv buyers;
- mus nqa tawm li kev ua ub no uas yuav txhawb txoj kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Internet;
- tsom xam showgirl muag khoom.
Zeem muag rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm e-commerce
Niaj hnub no nyob rau hauv Russia muaj tej yam tseem ceeb uas muaj ib tug tseem ceeb feem rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm EC. Cov lawv:
- ib tug loj raws li ntawm ib ncig ntawm lub teb chaws, uas yuav tsum tau txo tej yam uas tam sim no muaj txwv qhov muag ntawm cov khoom, uas yog txuam nrog rau remoteness ntawm kev ua lag luam koom;
- qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhim kho lub koom ua ke txheej txheem rau lub merger ntawm Lavxias teb sab ua lag ua luam nrog lub ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv thiab nyiaj txiag dab;
- qhov teeb meem ntawm kev txo luam cov nqi, uas yuav cia peb cov khoom yuav tsum tau sib tw nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no kev ua lag luam;
- qhov yuav tsum tau rau ntau ceev faj tswj qhov muag ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov qhauj thiab cov Kaum Ob Lub Hlis cov tub ceev xwm;
- qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov dynamic txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub hauj paus ntawm lub koom haum nrog qhov kev siv ntawm cov feem ntau niaj hnub ntaub ntawv yees.
Tab sis nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws muaj ib co teeb meem ntawm e-lag luam. Piv txwv li, ib tug virtual luam txoj kev loj hlob ho hampered vim:
- qhov uas tsis muaj theem ntawm kab lis kev cai tshiab rau peb ua lag luam kev sib raug zoo;
- txhaum ntawm lub PatientsÕ moj khaum;
- ib tug high degree ntawm monopolization ntawm kev khwv nyiaj txiag;
- tsis muaj infrastructure txoj kev loj hlob ntawm khoom ciaj uas muag;
- txhaum ntawm lub system ntawm credit thiab nyiaj txiag kev sib raug zoo.
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