Derbent fortress keeb kwm thiab sights (yees duab)

Derbent yog lub feem ntau ancient nroog nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab Federation. Nws yog nyob rau hauv Dagestan, nyob rau hauv Caspian hiav txwv. Nws tsis yog lub npe hu lub caij nyoog hnub ntawm lub nroog lub founding, tab sis historians ntseeg tau hais tias nws muaj hnub nyoog - yam tsawg kawg 5000 xyoo. Lub ntsiab attraction ntawm cov kev sib hais haum yog ib tug fortress ntawm Derbent. Duab nyob rau hauv phau ntawv no, enabling koj mus saib tau tus zoo nkauj thiab grandeur ntawm lub ancient fortification.

Lub tswv yim lub hom phiaj ntawm lub complex

Fortress nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm Derbent ua tau los tiv thaiv cov neeg uas nyob hauv Npanpiloo tus ze East thiab lub Caucasus, los ntawm lub ntsoog loj heev invasions ntawm lub sab qaum teb nomads. Nws yog ib tug loj heev defensive complex, muaj li ntawm lub nroog, lub hiav txwv, roob phab ntsa thiab Naryn- kala (citadel). Cov ancient tsev twb ua thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm lub Sassanid dynasty. Los ntawm nws lub hwj chim ntawm lawv yog tsis inferior mus rau lub Great phab ntsa ntawm Tuam Tshoj.

Lub nroog muaj tsis tus feem ntau dej siab xaiv yaam txoj hauj lwm thiab yog lam tau lam ua los ntawm lub Caucasus roob thiab cov hiav txwv, yog li cov neeg hauv zos them tshwj xeeb mloog kom nws strengthening. Loj heev phab ntsa ib ncig chaw ntawm tag nrho cov sab, steel txhim khu kev qha kev tiv thaiv los ntawm invaders.

Kev tshawb xav ntawm lub keeb kwm attractions

Historians tsis tau muaj kev tswj los mus nrhiav seb leej twg ua lub fortress ntawm Derbent. Muaj ntau ntawm legends txog nws. Ib tug ntawm cov legends hais tias tus founders ntawm lub nroog thiab fortress twb ua tsis taus pa hluav taws giants uas inhabited lub teb chaws ua ntej rau tib neeg.

Yog lwm version ntawm cov tsos ntawm cov Derbent fortress thiab nyob ib ncig ntawm nws. Raws li nws, tus tsim ntawm lub ancient nroog yog Aleksandr Makedonsky. Qhov zoo commander kom qhov kev siv ntawm lub roob thiab lub hiav txwv impregnable phab ntsa topped nws yees thiab teev nyob rau hauv nws cov hlau rooj vag sab nraud yuav tsis nkag mus rau ntawm no. Muaj ntau historians ntawm lub versions ntawm lub complex ntawm tej chaw tiv thaiv yog ib tug dab neeg, raws li Aleksandr Makedonsky twb tsis tau mus piav qhia txog lub teb chaws. Tab sis qhov tseeb ntawm lub hav zoov ntawm txawv versions ntawm cov tsos ntawm ib tug defensive complex ua tim khawv rau nws cov RESPONSIBILITIES nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm lub southerners.

Naryn-kala

Xav duab Derbent fortress, ib tug yuav pom tau tias qhov chaw ntawm lub defensive lug yog ib tug lossis loj citadel Naryn-kala. Lawv yog cov tag nrho cov qhov chaw hauv lub complex nws phab ntsa zeb zoo tshaj plaws fwm, uas muab qhua lub sijhawm los qhuas no zem rau lub ancient architecture nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws cov hwjchim ci ntsa iab. Naryn- kala ncua raws nroog 700 m. Lub thickness ntawm cov phab ntsa yog tej zaum 3.5 m, thiab qhov siab yog 20 m. Citadel stands rau sab saum toj ntawm ib tug 300-meter ntxhab. Steep slopes yam xyuam xim tiv thaiv nws los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab ntxeem tau los ntawm sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qaum teb. Cov yav qab teb ib feem ntawm tej chaw tiv thaiv nruab nrog cov kauj ruam, thiab nyob rau hauv nws sab phab ntsa nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw, hnub no uas siv los ntawm tourists mus tshawb cov panorama ntawm lub nroog thiab lub Caspian hiav txwv.

Derbentskaya fortress Naryn- kala qauv yog irregularly zoo li tus cheeb tsam ntawm 4.5 ha. Nws cov phab ntsa yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog heev heev towering ridges, nyob rau ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 25-35 m los ntawm txhua lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv lub southwest ces kaum sawv ib tug loj pej thuam uas txuas lub citadel nrog lub nroog phab ntsa.

domestic siv

Hauv lub citadel, koj yuav saib tau lub ancient Khan da nrog qhov rais nyob rau hauv ru tsev thiab cov vaj tse uas tau dim rau peb lub sij hawm (lawv yog nyob rau hauv ruins). Ib tug ntawm cov vaj tse tau tus ntoo khaub lig-domed tsev teev ntuj nyob rau hauv V., Tom qab ntawd hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv ib tug Muslim kev cai dab qhuas hauv tsev. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub citadel yog tus hiob nyob rau hauv Russia Juma mosque twb nyob, twb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv lub VIII xyoo pua. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm muaj ib lub Khan lub palace, tab sis hnub no nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw nyob xwb ruins, uas yog ib qhov nyuaj los txiav txim rau kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov qauv no.

Tshwj xeeb yog noteworthy yog ob pob zeb dej reservoir pov tseg nyob rau hauv lub citadel. Lawv twb ua tau nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XI Byzantine masters. Lub ntim tau muab tso rau loj nyiaj ntawm cov dej, uas tso cai rau lub fortress los mas heev deposition nroog invaders. Cov kua nkag mus rau hauv lub tank los ntawm cov springs ntawm tshwj xeeb tej hub thiab hlau kav. Vim cov pej xeem ntawm lub nroog tau muab nrog dej txawm nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau nyuaj lub sij hawm thiab tsis zwm rau cov yeeb ncuab. Tab sis tsis yeej ib txwm ib tug impregnable fortress ntawm Derbent. Keeb kwm muaj cov ntaub ntawv uas tus yeeb ncuab yog muaj peev xwm mus txeeb tau lub nroog, lom lub springs thiab tawm hauv nws cov defenders tsis muaj dej.

Citadel tau txais kev pab tsis tau tsuas yog kev tiv thaiv tus, tab sis kuj tus thawj tswj chaw ntawm lub nroog. Nws tsis muaj tsev nyob rau hauv lub Chancery, txiav txim, thiab ib tug underground tsev rau txim (qhov taub), tawm ntawm uas tus neeg raug txim yog tsis yooj yim sua. Nws cov phab ntsa yog cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau ntawm ib lub, thiab tus neeg ua txhaum, ib zaug nyob rau hauv captivity, yuam kom tuag ntawm kev tshaib kev nqhis. Lub tsev rau txim yog nyob qab lub ruins ntawm lub Khan lub tsev.

Neeg nyiam heev ntawm antiquity txaus siab mus rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej qhib nyob rau hauv lub citadel. Nyob rau hauv nws yog tshaaj yam khoom hauv tsev, tais diav ntim chaws, pob zeb cov cuab yeej, jewels, riam phom, nyiaj npib thiab thiaj li nyob. D. Lub hnub nyoog ntawm ib co rarities ob peb millennia.

Nyob rau hauv lub central cheeb tsam dominates guardhouse, ua nyob rau hauv 1828 (tom qab Dagestan los ua ib feem ntawm Russia). Lub tuam tsev no paintings yog hnub no, uas yog xwm Derbent. guardhouse sab nraum yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog anchors thiab cannons tsarist lub sij hawm.

Lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub defensive lug

Derbent fortress, uas nrhiav mus coj ib tug yees duab ntawm cov Dagestan tag nrho cov tourists yog attracted tsis tsuas mus rau lub citadel, tab sis nws cov phab ntsa. Lawv ntev nyob rau hauv lub nroog yog 3.6 km. Lub sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb phab ntsa tau ua thaum uas tig mus rau txhua lwm yam. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lawv mas nws txawv ntawm 300 rau 400 meters. Dag tuav (roob phab ntsa) twb ncav us txog los ntawm 40 km nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia Caucasian caj. Tu siab, nws yuav tsis nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv nws thawj daim ntawv: nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw, tus qauv tsaus muag. Hiav txwv phab ntsa them rau kev nkag mus rau lub nroog los ntawm lub Caspian hiav txwv. Nws plunged rau hauv nws cov dej thiab ncua ze li ntawm ib nrab ib tug kilometer. Raws li Doug tuav, hiav txwv phab ntsa fwm nyob rau hauv thooj.

rooj vag

Nyob rau hauv lub phab ntsa ntawm lub fortress kws muaj txuj ci yog ib tug me ntsis me me, tab sis muaj zog heev rooj vag, los ntawm kev uas nyob rau hauv ancient lub sij hawm nws yog ua tau kom tau rau Derbent. Lawv tsis tsuas yog tiv thaiv lub nroog, tab sis yog nws ib tug kho kom zoo nkauj. Lub rooj vag qhib rau qhua phoojywg thiab tub txawj tub ntse. Inputs tau nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub fortress. Lawv yeej tseem fwm ntsiab ntawm tus nplua nuj décor, uas koj muaj peev xwm txiav txim yuav ua li cas zoo nkauj lawv twb nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm. Rooj, nrhiav rau sab qaum teb sab, qhov twg nyob rau hauv Derbent yuav tuaj hostile nomads ntsia loj heev thiab intimidating. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lawv cov yav qab teb kev nkag mus rau hauv lub nroog nws yog elegant thiab tseem ceeb. Niaj hnub no nws yog ib qhov nyuaj mus nrhiav kom tau lub caij nyoog tooj ntawm rooj vag, raws li tsis yog txhua txhua ntawm lawv dim.

Lub npe ntawm cov sights nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus

Derbent fortress muaj ib txwm impressed neeg mus ncig nrog nws loj thiab lub hwj chim. Neeg txawv teb chaws tau muab nws cov npe txawv, tab sis yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tau kawm los ntawm cov lo lus "lub rooj vag". Qhov no yog vim li, vim hais tias cov phab ntsa hauv lub fortress yog ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm muaj zog rooj ntawm kev uas mus txeem tus yeeb ncuab nyob rau hauv Derbent yog tsis yooj yim sua. Cov ancient Greeks hu ua fortification Caspian rooj vag, cov koom pheej - Bab al-Abva (ntsiab), Georgians - Dzgvis Kari (hiav txwv), thiab Turkish cov neeg nyob - Temir Kapysy (Hlau).

Cov hypothesis ntawm ib phab ntsa yuav defensive

Tag nrho cov neeg nyiam nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Derbent thiab Derbent fortress, nws yuav nthuav kom paub txog cov kws tshawb fawb qhia nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, lub hom phiaj raws li uas nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm muaj nyob rau hauv Eurasia nruam fortification kab faib lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv ob. Mus rau sab qaum teb ntawm nws inhabited los ntawm nomadic pab pawg neeg nyob rau hauv sab qab teb - cov tswv teb. Sedentary neeg kev txom nyem los ntawm ntau ntawm nomads thiab los tiv thaiv lawv cov av tsa ib tug defensive phab ntsa. Historians tau mapped tag nrho cov chaw tiv thaiv uas muaj nyob rau ntawm txawv sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub Eurasian av loj, thiab twb xav tsis thoob li. Abkhaz, Caucasian, Crimean, Derbent, Balkan phab ntsa, cov Roman ramparts, lub Great phab ntsa thiab lwm yam ancient nroog vaj tse, ntau yam uas tsis tau dim mus rau lub hnub tam sim no, nyob rau hauv lub deb yav dhau los tsim ib tug unbroken saw. Thiab tab sis yog qhia kev tshawb xav yog tsis paub los ntawm cov nom keeb kwm science, nws yuav ua rau xav txog yav dhau los ntawm noob neej.