Cytostatics - yog dab tsi? daim ntawv teev cov tshuaj

Cytotoxic agents - cov neeg ua hauj uas qeeb tus txheej txheem ntawm cell division. Tswj lub neej ntawm tus kab mob raws li lub peev xwm ntawm nws hlwb faib, thaum tshiab hlwb noj qhov chaw ntawm lub qub, thiab cov laus, feem, yuav tuag. Cov kev ceev ntawm tus txheej txheem no biologically txiav txim li ntawd, hais tias lub cev twb kev txhawb los ntawm ib tug nruj nqi koj tshuav ntawm lub hlwb, nyob rau nws yog zoo tshaj plaws uas nyob rau hauv txhua hloov khoom nruab nrog metabolic kev proceeds txawv cov nqi.

Tab sis tej zaum tus nqi ntawm cell division yuav loj heev, qub hlwb tsis muaj lub sij hawm tuag. Li ntawd, yog lub tsim ntawm hlav, nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus - hlav. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no yuav tseem ceeb rau lo lus nug ntawm cytostatics - dab tsi nws yog ib thiab yuav ua li cas lawv yuav pab tau nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm cancer. Thiab teb nws, koj yuav tsum xav txog txhua yam ntawm no pab pawg neeg ntawm cov tshuaj.

Cytostatics thiab Oncology

Nyob rau hauv feem ntau tus neeg mob nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob xyaum siv ntawm cytostatics tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm Oncology, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav qeeb lub pob loj hlob. Thaum lub sij hawm kev kho mob, cov tshuaj muaj ib cov nyhuv rau tag nrho cov lub cev hlwb, yog li tseg cia cov metabolism tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntaub so ntswg. Tab sis, tsuas nyob rau hauv phem hlav cov nyhuv ntawm cytostatics yog qhia nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov los ntawm npleem tus nqi ntawm cancer mob.

Cytostatics thiab autoimmune dab

Tsis tas li ntawd, cytotoxic cov neeg ua hauj siv nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob autoimmune, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm pathological kev ua si ntawm lub cev tshuaj ua kom puas antigens tsis tob tob rau hauv lub cev tus kheej ntaub so ntswg thiab hlwb. Cytostatic ntxim rau cov hlwb pob txha, txo cov kev ua ntawm kev tiv thaiv, uas tus kab mob no muaj lub sij hawm mus rau hauv txoj kev zam txim.

Yog li, cytotoxic cov tshuaj siv nyob rau hauv cov nram no cov kab mob:

• phem ua cancer hlav nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov ua sawv;
• nqaij hlav;
• leukemia;
• mauj lupus erythematosus;
• mob caj dab;
• vasculitis;
• Sjogren lub syndrome;
• scleroderma.

Thaum pom tias cov indications rau lub txais tos ntawm cov tshuaj thiab cov mechanism ntawm nws cov teebmeem rau lub cev, nws yuav kom meej raws li cytostatics ua hauj lwm, nws yog dab tsi, thiab thaum twg lawv yuav tsum tau siv.

hom cytostatics

Cytostatics, uas muaj li nram no, tsis yog tas rau cov pawg, tab sis nws yog txoj kev cai uas kom paub qhov txawv no 6 pawg ntawm cov tshuaj.

1. Lub alkylating cytostatic tshuaj mas siv - neeg uas muaj lub peev xwm los puas DNA ntawm hlwb uas yog yus los ntawm high nqi ntawm fission. Dua li ntawm qhov high degree ntawm efficiency, nyuaj-taus cov tshuaj, xws li cov teebmeem ntawm kev kho mob feem ntau yog cov pathology ntawm lub siab thiab lub raum raws li lub ntsiab pom systems. By xws muaj xws li:

• mustard;
• nitrourea derivatives;
• alkyl;
• ethylenimines.

2. alkaloids, cytotoxic ua hauj lawm ntawm tsob nroj keeb kwm - cov khoom uas zoo xws li cov nyhuv, tab sis nrog ib tug natural pes tsawg leeg:

• taxanes;
• vinca alkaloids;
• podophyllotoxins.

3. cytotoxic agents, antimetabolites - tshuaj uas inhibit tshuaj koom nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm lub qog tsim, li no siv ceev xwmphem nws txoj kev loj hlob:

• folate antagonists;
• purine analogue;
• pyrimidine antagonists.

4.Tsitostatiki-tshuaj tua kab mob - antimicrobial agents nrog antitumor kev ua si:

• anthracyclines.

5. cytotoxic agents, cov tshuaj hormones - cancer tshuaj uas txo lub ntau lawm ntawm tej yam cov tshuaj hormones.

• progestins;
• antiestrogens;
• estrogens;
• antiandrogens;
• aromatase inhibitors.

6. Monoclonal tshuaj - tshuaj artificially tsim zoo tib yam tso qhia tiv thaiv kev hlwb, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no - hlav.

npaj

Cytostatics, ib daim ntawv teev cov tshuaj uas yog hais hauv qab no, yog muab tsuas yog nyob rau cov tshuaj thiab yog npaum li cas tsuas yog nyob rau nruj tej yam kev mob:

• "Cyclophosphamide";
• "Tamoxifen";
• "Flutamide";
• "Sulfasalazine";
• "Chlorambucil";
• "Azathioprine";
• "Temozolomide";
• "Hydroxychloroquine";
• "Methotrexate".

Daim ntawv teev cov tshuaj uas yuav haum lub ntsiab txhais ntawm "cytostatic agents" yog sab heev, tab sis cov tshuaj yog tshuaj los ntawm cov kws kho mob ntau zaus. Npaj yuav xaiv ib lub zuj zus rau tus neeg mob kom zoo zoo, tus kws kho mob qhia kom tus neeg mob zoo li cas rau sab los ntawm cytostatics ua, nws yog dab tsi thiab seb nws yog tau kom tsis txhob rau lawv.

phiv

diagnostic txheej txheem yuav tsum paub meej tias cov muaj ib tug neeg ntawm ib tug kab mob loj uas kev kho mob yuav tsum tau cytostatics. Tshwm sim los ntawm cov tshuaj yog muab qhia kom meej meej heev, lawv tsis tau tsuas yog tsis zoo zam los ntawm tus neeg mob, tab sis kuj muaj ib tug uas yuav rau tib neeg noj qab haus huv. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, uas tau txais cytotoxic tshuaj - nws yog ib txwm ib tug lossis loj uas yuav, tab sis nyob rau hauv Oncology thiab cov kab mob autoimmune, txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm tsis muaj kev kho mob yog siab tshaj qhov uas yuav tau tshwm sim los ntawm cov tshuaj.

Lub ntsiab sab nyhuv ntawm cytostatics yog nws tsis ntxim rau cov hlwb pob txha, thiab chaw pib rau tag nrho cov hematopoietic system. Nrog heev siv, uas yog feem ntau yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv txoj kev kho mob cancer thiab hlav, thiab autoimmune dab, tej zaum txoj kev loj hlob ntawm leukemia.

Tab sis txawm yog hais tias tus ntshav ntawm cancer yuav zam tau, hloov cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov ntshav inevitably cuam tshuam lub lag luam ntawm tag nrho cov tshuab. Yog hais tias lub zog viscosity ntawm cov ntshav, ob lub raum yog cuam tshuam, raws li cov glomerular membrane lus dag ib tug loj load, nrog cov uas lawv muaj peev xwm yuav puas ntsoog.

Thaum lub sij hawm txais tos ntawm cytostatics yuav tsum tau npaj kom txhij rau mus tas li cov neeg pluag noj qab haus huv. Cov neeg mob uas tau mus los ntawm ib lub chav kawm ntawm kev kho mob nrog rau qhov no pab pawg neeg, nco ntsoov lub qhov kev xav ntawm tsis muaj zog, nkees nkees, tsis muaj peev xwm mus mloog zoo rau neeg ua hauj lwm. Ntawm cov ntau tsis txaus siab muaj xws li mob taub hau, uas yog tam sim no tsis tu ncua thiab NW nyuam qhuav zam analgesics.

Cov poj niam nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm kev kho mob yog feem ntau ntsib nrog kev ua txhaum ntawm lub cev ntas thiab lub cev tsis xeeb tub ib tug me nyuam.

Mob ntawm lub plab system yog manifested raws li xeev siab thiab raws plab. Feem ntau qhov no ua rau tej yam ntuj tso siab txwv tsis pub nws noj cov zaub mov thiab txo tus nqi ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus kom tsawg, uas nyob rau hauv lem ua rau anorexia.

Tsis yog tej rau kev kho mob, tab sis tsis kaj lub siab tshwm sim los ntawm cytostatic tshuaj yog cov plaub hau poob rau hauv lub taub hau thiab lub cev. Tom qab txiav ntawm lub chav kawm, raws li ib tug txoj cai, cov plaub hau kev loj hlob resumes.

Nyob rau qhov no hauv paus, nws yog tau mus sab laj txog hais tias cov lus teb rau lo lus nug ntawm cytostatics - dab tsi nws yog, muaj cov lus qhia tsis tau tsuas yog hais txog cov kev pab cuam ntawm no hom ntawm cov tshuaj, tab sis kuj yog ib tug siab yuav raug mus rau lub noj qab haus huv thiab zoo-ua nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm nws daim ntawv thov.

Nkag cai cytostatics

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab txog hais tias cov cytostatic muaj ib tug ncaj qha feem rau cov kev ua ntawm lub cev, inhibiting nws. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm hauv chav kawm ntawm ib tug neeg uas raug rau tej kab mob.

Yuav kom tiv thaiv kab mob, koj yuav tsum ua raws li nrog tag nrho cov kev ruaj ntseg ntsuas tsis tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tej thaj chaw uas muaj ntau ntau ntawm cov neeg, hnav tiv thaiv gauze ntaub qhwv thiab siv lub zos txhais tau tias ntawm antivirus kev tiv thaiv (oxolinic tshuaj pleev) kom tsis txhob hypothermia. Yog hais tias tus kab mob no ntawm cov pa kab mob no yog tseem muaj, koj yuav tsum nrhiav tam sim ntawd kev kho mob.

Yuav ua li cas los txo cov kev phiv?

Niaj hnub nimno cov tshuaj ua rau nws tau kom txo tau cov mob sab los tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob uas tau txais cytotoxic tshuaj. Tshwj xeeb cov tshuaj uas thaiv lub gag reflex nyob rau hauv lub hlwb uas ua rau nws tau kom muaj ib tug qub lub xeev ntawm kev noj qab nyob thiab kev kawm ntawv thaum lub sij hawm kev kho mob.

Feem ntau, cov ntsiav tshuaj yog coj thaum ntxov nyob rau hauv thaum sawv ntxov, ces nws yog pom zoo kom ua rau kom haus hom mus txog 2 liv ntawm dej ib hnub twg. Cytostatics feem ntau tas los ntawm ob lub raum, yog li ntawd tus hais tej zaum yuav txiav txim rau cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub zais zis, muab khaus. Ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm dej kom tsawg thiab nquag voiding ua rau nws tau txo lub heev ntawm tshwm sim los ntawm cytostatic tshuaj rau lub zais zis. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ib qho tseem ceeb mus ua tib zoo nchuav tag lub zais zis ua ntej yuav mus pw.

Kuaj thaum lub sij hawm kev kho mob

Nkag cytostatics yuav tsum kev soj ntsuam ntawm lub cev. Tsis pub tsawg tshaj li ib zaug ib lub hlis, tus neeg mob yuav tsum dhau kev ntsuam xyuas uas qhia cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm ob lub raum, lub siab, ntshav system:

• CBC;
• ntshav Science News for KIDS nyob rau theem ntawm creatinine, ALT thiab AST;
• ib tug tag nrho tsom xam ntawm cov zis;
• ntsuas CRP.

Yog li, paub txog tag nrho cov yam ntaub ntawv hais txog dab tsi yog yuav tsum tau cytostatics, nws yog dab tsi, dab tsi hom ntawm cov tshuaj no thiab yuav ua li cas rau nws, koj muaj peev xwm suav tau rau ib paaj raug txoj kev kho mob cancer thiab cov kab mob autoimmune.