Cyrillic thiab Latin: qhov txawv thiab txhais lus

Ib zaug thaum ib lub sij hawm nws muaj lub Latin hais los ntawm cov neeg Loos, tau sab laug ib txoj kev taug rhuav tshem tsis tau. Peb yuav tau tham txog tag nrho cov European lus, uas yog muab faib mus rau hauv Romance thiab Germanic. Raws li rau lub Slav haiv neeg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau lawv nws tau tsim ib tug tshiab tsab ntawv, uas ib co kua nplaum lub suab ntawm cov teb chaws Europe thiab lub Balkans. Yog li ntawd, qhov yooj yim cov tsiaj ntawv nrog Slavic-European lub teb chaws pib Cyrillic thiab Latin, uas peb tseem siv niaj hnub no.

Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov lus

Lub hauv paus pib, uas yuav xam cov me nyuam yug ntawm ib hom lus, yog heev vague. Kom txog rau thaum tam sim no, lub ancient linguistics thiab etymology yog ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj txoj kev sib tw rau kev soj ntsuam. Txawm li cas los, lub Cyrillic thiab Latin - yog ib yam ntawm cov kev zam, txij thaum lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov ntawv yog xav paub ntau los yog tsawg dua ntshiab.

Latin

Peb pib nrog cov lus uas tau hais nyob rau hauv ancient Rome, thiab leej twg tam sim no, tab sis yog tuag lawm, yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, keeb kwm thiab Philology. Cov tsab tau txais kev pab raws li Latin Etruscan tsis muaj sau lus, uas muaj mas nyob rau hauv qhov ncauj daim ntawv thiab siv lub tib lub npe ntawm cov pab pawg neeg inhabiting lub chaw uas niaj hnub Ltalis.

Tshiab Roman civilization npaj tag nrho cov adverbs thiab achievements ntawm lawv cov ancestors, tsim ib daim ntawv qhia txog Latin niam ntawv. Nws muaj 21 tsiaj ntawv: ABCDEFHIKLMNOPQRSTVXZ. Tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Roman faj tim teb chaws Latin ntau thoob plaws teb chaws Europe thiab assimilated nrog rau ntau yam chaw ua taus zes adverbs (Celtic, Welsh, Gothic thiab t. D.).

Yog li ntawd muaj Romance lus thiab Germanic pab pawg - Fabkis, Italian, German, Askiv thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Niaj hnub no yog siv rau cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv ib zaug xwb cov tsiaj ntawv uas muaj 26 tsiaj ntawv.

Laus Slavonic

Rau lub Slavic neeg Latin yog coj txawv txawv thiab tsis tsim nyog. Tab sis muab qhov tseeb hais tias tej lub tebchaws raug papal txoj cai, thaum lwm tus neeg tau txais Orthodox ntseeg Vajtswv, nws yog tsim nyog los muab kev kawm neeg mus rau lub ntuj lo lus. Greek cov kwv tij Kirill kuv Mefody tsim cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm 43 cov tsiaj ntawv, uas ua qhov tseeb mus rau lub Slavic neeg.

Lawv hu nws nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm nws tus tij laug Cyril, thiab nws tau los ua lub hauv paus rau lub tshiab Laus Slavonic lus. Tom qab ntawd, tus xov tooj ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv poob, thiab cov lus nws tus kheej tau kis mus rau heev loj cheeb tsam. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, nws tau undergone hloov vim qhov sib txawv dialects, thiab cov yog phua rau hauv ntau cais lus. Qhov no cov tsiaj ntawv los ua lub hauv paus rau lub Eastern European writings, yav qab teb nyob sab Europe thiab Lavxias teb sab.

Niaj hnub nimno thoob ntiaj teb sau ntawv system

Niaj hnub no, rau cov kev pauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau thoob ntiaj teb, txawm nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj lub teb chaws, siv Cyrillic thiab Latin. Qhov no ob universal tsiaj ntawv, uas muaj ib tug zoo qauv thiab cov cim, thiab kuj lawv yuav tau mus hloov txhua lwm yam. Tab sis nws muaj nqis ntsoov teev tias lawv txhua tus nws muaj nws tus kheej zoo.

Undoubtedly, cov Latin yog ntau rau lub ntiaj teb. Nrog nws kaw ntau Suav thiab Japanese lus, nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv bank ntaub ntawv (txawm nyob rau hauv Russia) rau cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv ntawm tus kheej cov ntaub ntawv. Tiam sis tej linguist yuav qhia rau koj raws nraim li cas lub Cyrillic tsiaj ntawv - nws yog ntau npaum li cas nplua nuj thiab nyiam ABC vim lub fact tias nws cov cim no yeej kis tau ib tug ntau dua ntau yam ntawm lub suab.

"Cov tsiaj ntawv" kho kom zoo

Hloov cov Cyrillic rau Latin - ib tug tseem ceeb heev qhov teeb meem uas sawv dua nyob rau hauv ntau Slavic lub teb chaws. Tus thawj lub sij hawm lub Latin tsiaj ntawv hloov lub Slavic nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws no thiab lub Duchy ntawm Lithuania. Yog li ntawd, nyob deb, Lithuania thiab Poland, txawm lub Slavic cov hauv paus hniav ntawm lawv hom lus siv cov Latin cov tsiaj ntawv.

Neeg txhais lus los ntawm Cyrillic rau Latin kov thiab qab teb teb chaws. Piv txwv li, Romania, uas nyiam ib tug Cyrillic tsab ntawv nyob rau hauv lub XIX xyoo pua, saws lub Latin niam ntawv. Ib yam li ntawd, peb tuaj txog nyob rau hauv Montenegro, Serbia thiab lub Czech koom pheej.

Los ntawm Russia twb dhau

Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm peb lub xeev Cyrillic thiab Latin tau sib ntaus sib tua rau ib qho chaw nyob rau hauv lub hnub ib zaug. Undoubtedly, haiv neeg rau lub Lavxias teb sab neeg lub Cyrillic tsab ntawv, tab sis pheej rov qab ua tau npaj siab mus Catholicism lub teb chaws lam xav zam thiab cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov Latin cov tsiaj ntawv raws li lub hauv paus rau kev sau ntawv.

Tus thawj ntawm lub Slavic tsiaj ntawv xav muab Peter. Nws txawm siv ib hom lus kho kom zoo, ntuav ib tug ntau ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv thiab hloov ib co ntawm lawv European. Tab sis nws tom qab uas lub tswv yim ntawm rov qab los mus rau lawv cov rooj zaum.

Ib tug thib ob los romanization ntawm Lavxias teb sab haiv neeg tshwm sim tom qab lub kiv puag ncig. Thaum Lenin twb tau soj xyuas kev koom ua ke kho kom zoo. European units tau noj, muaj ib tug ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov European daim ntawv qhia hnub, thiab nws twb assumed tias cov lus yuav muab txhais.

Linguists zoo kawg li nyiaj ua hauj lwm tau ua rau hloov tag nrho Lavxias teb sab chaw, uas tau sau nyob rau hauv lub Cyrillic niam ntawv. Tab sis tsis ntev tuaj rau lub hwj chim, Stalin pom tau hais tias lub tswv yim yog devoid ntawm kev nkag siab, thiab tag nrho cov xa rov qab mus rau li qub.

Latin thiab Cyrillic: txawv

Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua tsis tau daim ntawv ceeb toom hais tias cov ob tsiaj ntawv incredibly zoo sib xws. Lawv txawm muaj raws nraim tib yam tsiaj ntawv: A, B, E, K, M, N, O, P, C, T, G, thiab H. Txawm li cas los, raws li tau rightly sau tseg saum toj no, Cyrillic functionality ntau wider. Vim xws tsiaj ntawv raws li "W" los yog "ni", piv txwv li, yog kis tau suab hais tias cov Latin cov tsiaj ntawv yog kaw siv ob los yog peb los yog plaub lub cim.

Peb yuav tsum tau hais tias hais txog cov tsab ntawv "C" thiab "K", uas nyob rau hauv peb cov tsab ntawv yog nruj me ntsis delimited nyob rau hauv suab. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub Latin pab pawg neeg ntawm transcription nyob rau cim mus tom ntej. Thiab tseem ceeb tshaj, yog dab tsi distinguishes Latin Cyrillic - yog hais tias txhua tus lub suab sau raws nkaus Ii nws tsab ntawv.

Lub ua ke ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv nyob rau hauv lo lus muaj tsis ntxim ntawm lawv lub suab, doubling consonants yog cov lus hais kom meej meej, yog tsis muaj uas ntsiag to niam thiab uas ntsiag to lub suab.