Cov ntaub ntawv khoom - dab tsi yog qhov no? Tswvyim thiab kev pab

Ib tug prerequisite rau cov tsim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev pab ua lag luam yog cov ceev ceev txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev khwv nyiaj txiag nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev khwv nyiaj txiag thiab muaj zog sib txeeb haiv neeg paub qhov yuav tsum tau rau cov lus qhia pab. Tus thawj ntaub ntawv cov khoom thiab cov kev pab cuam uas tshwm nyob rau hauv xov xwm thiab telecommunications. Ib tug haib impetus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua lag luam yuav siv technology tshiab kev kawm. Muaj cov thawj coj mus muag computers, thiab nws thiaj li - thiab cov thawj tus kheej. Khoos phib tawj khoom yog sai ua nws lub peev xwm - yuav ntau haib thiab tsis tshua kim. PCs pib yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm science thiab ua lag ua luam, thiab nrog lub advent thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub Internet - nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov spheres ntawm tib neeg kev ua si.

Kev ua lag luam ntaub ntawv cov khoom thiab kev pab cuam

Muaj yog ib qho kev tu ncua intensive tsim thiab cov ntaub ntawv kev pab kev ua lag luam. Tsim ib tug tshiab hom ntawm kev khwv nyiaj txiag, uas ntaub ntawv plays ib qho kev nce ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm - muaj zog zus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cov khoom, tshiab industries, txuj ci tshiab thiab lwm txoj haujlwm tshiab.

Kev ua lag luam tej zaum thiab txheeb cais

Kev sib piv: raws li statistics, lub ntiaj teb lawm ntawm cov khoom thiab cov kev pab cuam txhua xyoo kev loj hlob ntawm txog 10 feem pua. Zus tau tej cov ntaub ntawv khoom siv thiab cov kev pab cuam yog loj hlob txhua txhua xyoo nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm 30 feem pua los yog ntau tshaj. Lub peev xwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua lag luam thiab nws cov feem rau economic kev loj hlob yog ib qhov nyuaj rau overestimate. Yog li, thaum lub sij hawm thawj xyoo caum ntawm XXI xyoo pua qhia ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev pab muaj ntau zog los ntawm kaum feem pua ntawm cov nqi. Kev ua lag luam ntaub ntawv cov khoom thiab cov kev pab cuam yog tam sim no - qhov tseem ceeb tshaj lub caij ntawm ib yam tshiab ntawm kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Cov kev vam meej hauj lwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua lag luam - ib tug tseem ceeb guarantee ntawm txoj kev loj hlob lub zej lub zos, lub cheeb tsam thiab lub teb chaws raws li ib tug tag nrho.

Cov ntaub ntawv khoom - yog dab tsi?

Cov khoom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua lag luam yog cov lus qhia cov khoom thiab cov kev pab cuam. Yog li ntawd yog dab tsi raws nraim yog ib qho ntaub ntawv khoom? Khoom ntaub ntawv - cov ntaub ntawv no nrog hais txog ntawm cov kws muaj txuj kev soj ntsuam, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tangible los yog intangible rau coj mus muag siv, thiab tau raws li cov neeg thov.

Hom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khoom siv

Nws yog hais tias muaj yog tam sim no tsis muaj feem ntau txais kev faib ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khoom siv thiab muaj ntau yam txhais ntawm lub tswvyim. Cov feem nrov yog cov kev faib ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv cov khoom tau. Yog li ntawd, muaj tsib lub ntsiab qhov chaw:

1. ua lag ua luam kheej. Ntawm no yog cov nram qab no ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cov khoom: pauv cov ntaub ntawv thiab nyiaj txiag (txauv nqi, kev nqis peev, nqi, quotes ntawm kev nyab xeeb, kev txaus siab nqi), txheeb cais (forecasts thiab kev kwv yees) coj mus muag ntaub ntawv hais txog cov dej num ntawm tuam txhab uas muag (hais txog nws cov nyiaj txiag raws li txoj cai, cov kev taw qhia ua hauj lwm, nqi, mergers thiab acquisitions, muas, negotiating thiab kev cai lij choj kev xyaum).

2. Heev tshwj xeeb kheej. Cov ntaub ntawv hais ntawm no yog cov khoom - nws yog ib lub ntsiab lus specialization (ntau yam ntawm kev ntxiv, kev thiab kev cov ntaub ntawv, archival khoom, kev nkag mus rau cov thawj qhov chaw).

3. Consumer kheej. Nws muaj xws li ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov xov xwm qhov chaw - cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov xov xwm lub koom haum thiab cov xovxwm, ntaub ntawv, ob lub cev thiab electronic media, siv phau ntawv, encyclopedias, pamphlets, cov phau ntawv Magazine, kev lom zem kheej khoom - gaming, TV, thiab cov ntsiab lus video.

4. Cov kev kawm tus kheej. Ntawm no yog cov kev kawm ntaub ntawv, kev qhia pab, computer kev kawm cov ntsiab lus, soj ntsuam thiab kev tswj systems, txoj kev ntawm txoj kev kawm thiab kev loj hlob.

5. Cov ntaub ntawv lag luam. Nws yog tsis tshua muaj ib qho tseem ceeb, thiab kev loj hlob ntawm ib cov ntaub ntawv pace kev lag luam ntaub ntawv ua lag luam. Ntawm no yog cov software thiab cov ntaub ntawv khoom - tag nrho cov xaiv ntawm database (bibliographic, statistical, ntaub ntawv, Documentographic), hluav taws xob siv cov phau ntawv, multimedia ntawv (rau cov lag luam, kev lom zem, kev kawm ntawv), hluav taws xob archives, software, cov hom phiaj kev khoom - graphics ua ntaub ntawv, multimedia cov ntsiab lus.

Yuav kom qhov no cheeb tsam kuj muaj xws li kev khoom - computers thiab accessories, telecommunications khoom, chaw ua hauj lwm cov khoom thiab hais txog khoom siv, software txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev txhawb neeg ua hauj lwm - uas ua ke tsim cov ntaub ntawv system. Khoom Information System muaj ob peb dab - tau txais ntaub ntawv los ntawm sab hauv los yog lwm qhov chaw, thiab adaptation ua ntaub ntawv, muab cov ntaub ntawv rau tus neeg thiab tau txais lub tswv yim. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug ntaub ntawv khoom - ib cov ntaub ntawv los khiav cov kev pab cuam thiab kev siv, spreadsheets, cov cuab yeej rau ua hauj lwm nrog cov ntsiab lus (graphics, video), kev computer system txij nkawm, cov khoom tswj systems. artificial txawj ntse system yog tseem ntaub ntawv khoom.

Scope ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khoom

Qhov saum toj no kev faib ntawm daim ntaub ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khoom kom meej meej qhia tau hais tias txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov haiv neeg thaum lub sij hawm cov ntaub ntawv cov khoom uas muaj tau thov nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov sectors ntawm tib neeg kev ua si. Siv thiab ua cov khoom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub yog cim, tab sis lub zuag qhia tag nrho cov lus qhia technology khoom yuav peb theem - thawj cov ntaub ntawv sau, ua thiab adaptation, kev daws teeb meem nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug cov ntaub ntawv khoom. Ib qho piv txwv yog ib phau ntawv hais txog lub popularization ntawm scientific tswv yim rau kev sau ntawv qhov twg rau tus neeg sau recycles ib tug loj tus naj npawb uas yog thawj ntaub ntawv, hloov nws mus rau lub phau ntawv muaj nyob thiab npaj txhij rau coj mus muag siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib phau ntawv rau ib tug hluav taws xob los yog lub cev tawm.

Thaj chaw ntawm cov lus qhia khoom

Cov ntaub ntawv khoom - ib tug tshwj xeeb cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug era ntawm automation thiab cov lus qhia, thiab muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm tej sib txawv los ntawm lub tangible khoom.

Li no, tej ntaub ntawv khoom muaj ib tug zoo uas yog xam qhovkev ntaub ntawv raws li ib tug tag nrho - nws tsis yog kev kawm mus rau damping, lub cev coj. Koj muaj peev xwm rov siv cov ntaub ntawv khoom siv thiab nws tsis poob rau hauv zoo thiab uniqueness. Piv txwv li: ntau yam playback ntawm cov zaj duab xis yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau cov ntsiab lus. Tus zaj duab xis tsis ua zuj zus nrog rau txhua txhua saib.

Tab sis nws yuav tsum tau hais tias cov khoom ntawv yog kev kawm mus rau ib tug thiaj li hu ua obsolescence. Cov ntaub ntawv uas yog yam hais txog nag hmo, tej zaum yuav poob tag nrho nws cov tseem ceeb thiab qhov tseeb hnub no. Thaum lub tam sim no tus nqi ntawm kev siv technology tshiab kev kawm ntawm ib cov ntaub pace laus thiab poob nqi, xws li chaw ua hauj lwm cov khoom.

Tsis tas li ntawd indicative ntawm cov cuab yeej ntaub ntawv ntawm cov khoom yog hais tias tus nqi ntawm nws cov ntau lawm, raws li ib tug txoj cai, nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm ntau tshaj tus nqi ntawm nws cov ntxiv replication. Sau cim txoj hauj lwm ib zaug yog yeej ib txwm nyuaj tshaj ces muab nws los ntawm txhiab ntawm cov ntawv luam.

Tseem ceeb vaj tse ntaub ntawv khoom - nws targeting. Nyob rau hauv lub chaw tsim tshuaj paus ntawm tus neeg pab pawg xaiv rau hauv daim ntawv thiab cov qauv ntawm cov ua lub neej yav tom ntej ntaub ntawv khoom. Yog li, tus ntawv ntawm scientific tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov kev zej zog yuav tau sib txawv los ntawm txoj kev ntawm nce qib ntawm tib lub scientific tswv yim rau cov tub ntxhais kawm.

Cov ntaub ntawv khoom muaj universality vaj tse - yuav ua tau ntawm muaj nuj nqis rau txawv daim ntawv sau npe siv rau txawv hom phiaj nyob rau hauv txawv tej yaam num.

Cov tseem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua lag luam

Lub uniqueness ntawm hauj lwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua lag luam yog hais tias qhov kev thov rau lus qhia khoom uas tswj los ntawm cov tseem ntawm lub tswvyim ntawm "cov ntaub ntawv". Cov ntaub ntawv khoom yuav hais tiag yuav thov nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khoom siv thiab cov kev pab cuam yog tsis tau los tuav lub xib teg nrog tib yam khoom rau ob peb xyoo. Yuav kom ua tau nthuav rau tus neeg, nws yog tsim nyog los tsis tu ncua los txhim kho lub uas twb muaj lawm cov khoom los yog tsim ib yam dab tsi tag nrho tshiab.

Lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv haiv neeg

Leej twg yog ib tug active txheej txheem zuj zus qhia tawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv cov khoom sib piv nrog rau zus tau tej cov khoom uas hais tias peb cov ntaub ntawv haiv neeg yog sai evolving. Nws txo tus nqi ntawm ib tug tangible khoom, tab sis tsub kom tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov ntau dua thov txoj kev ntse, kev txawj ntse, kev txawj ntse, muaj peev xwm rau kev muaj tswv yim kev xav. Nyob rau hauv hnub no tus lag luam sib qhia yog loj hlob professions ntawm kev txawj ntse ua hauj lwm rau. Rau ntxiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv haiv neeg yuav tau ho txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm lub neej thiab ua tau ib theem tshiab kev vam meej.

Tej zaum kev hem thawj ntawm ib tug tshiab lub neej

Cuaj kaum, tus ceev txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv haiv neeg coj tau ib tug xov tooj ntawm ntshai heev txawm. Muaj nqi lus yog tau tawmtsam ib tug me me lub zej zog feem ntau, ib tug tib neeg siv - lub xeev los txog tag nrho lub cev. Muaj yog ib qho xwm txheej ntawm tsim ntawm thiaj li hu ua kev txawj ntse tseem ceeb uas muaj kev nkag tau mus rau hauv lub tsim thiab tseem ceeb qhov chaw, thiab nyob rau nws qhov dog dig neeg. Tsis tas li ntawd heev tiag tiag kev hem thawj ntawm qeeb nyob rau hauv tsim lub teb chaws, txij thaum cov lus qhia kev pab yog muab faib unevenly. Tu siab, kev kawm ib txwm coj tau kev sib tw tshiab. Yuav niaj hnub txaus tiv thaiv lawv - lub sij hawm yuav qhia rau.