Cov kab mob: ib txoj kev ntawm kev noj mov, yam ntxwv nta, tej vaj tse

Qhov tsab xov xwm no yuav piav txog feem ntau ancient kab mob - kab mob. Catering thiab vaj tse ntawm cov kab mob yog heev ntau haiv neeg. Yuav ua li cas interconnected cov yam ntxwv?

General cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kab mob

Tus kab mob yog ib tug pab pawg neeg ntawm me me unicellular kab mob. Lawv yog cov prokaryotes. Qhov no txhais tau tias lawv lub hlwb tsis muaj nuclei muab. Lawv caj khoom muaj cov DNA molecule annular situated ncaj qha nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm.

Rho los ntawm cov kab mob hlwb yog heev ntau haiv neeg. Tej zaum lawv yuav siv sij hawm rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug kheej, pas nrig, txiv quav ntswv nyoos, qwj, hnub qub, thiab lub thawv muaj rau sab m. P. Apparatus kab mob ces dag sawv cev permeable membrane, txheej capsule thiab cell phab ntsa murein los yog muaj pectin. Nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm thiab prokaryotic ribosomes yog cytoskeletal ntsiab.

Cov kab mob: ib txoj kev ntawm kev noj mov thiab kev ua neej puag ncig

Vim lub simplicity ntawm cov qauv, cov kab mob muaj mastered tag nrho cov yeej. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv cov dej, av, cua, pob zeb, kub springs, nyob rau hauv lub cev nto nyob rau hauv lub hauv nruab nrog cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag, tsiaj txhu thiab tib neeg. Los ntawm txoj kev ntawm cov khoom noj cov kab mob yog ob leeg auto- thiab heterotrophs.

Cov yav tas los muaj nyob rau hauv lawv lub hlwb, lub plastids chloroplasts uas photosynthesis tshwm sim. Nws tshwm sim yog ib tug carbohydrate qabzib, uas yog siv los mus siv rau ntau yam kev ntawm lub neej. Cov kab mob no yog siv rau cov synthesis ntawm cov organic tshuaj hnub ci zog, kuj hu ua phototrophs. Cov no muaj xws ntsuab, liab doog thiab cyanobacteria.

Lwm pab pawg neeg ntawm autotrophic kab mob siv rau lub neej ntawm lub zog ntawm tshuaj bonds. Lawv hloov lub complex tebchaw rau hauv yooj yim. Qhov no yog hu ua chemosynthesis. Piv txwv li tus kab mob no yog leej faj, hlau, thiab nitrogen-kho cov kab mob.

Thiab txaus heev heev pab pawg neeg ntawm heterotrophic prokaryotes. lawv lub hwj chim mov nyob rau cov ib puag ncig. Nyob rau hauv no, muaj peb pab pawg ntawm cov kab mob:

• saprotrophs;
• cab;
• symbiotic cov kab mob no.

Cia peb xav txog txhua yam uas lawv nyob rau hauv kom meej.

saprotrophs

Qhov no pab pawg neeg ntawm cov kab mob inhabits tag nrho cov xov xwm uas muaj organic teeb meem. Qhov no tej zaum yuav av, cov nroj tsuag thiab cov tsiaj. Piv txwv li, lub kab mob kev lwj ntawm lub hwj chim yog saprotroph txoj kev. Lawv decompose organic teeb meem, tshem tawm cov as-ham.

Xws li yog txoj kev ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm lactic acid cov kab mob. Lawv muaj peev xwm mus ferment carbohydrates yog lug siv nyob rau hauv lub lag luam ua noj. Kefir, fermented ci mis nyuj, tsev cheese, yogurt - tag nrho cov khoom pov tseg ntawm no hom ntawm prokaryotes.

kab ntsaum

Cab kab mob, txoj kev uas kuj yog ib lub hwj huam heterotrophic nyob hauv los yog nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lwm yam kab mob. Noj cov zaub mov masters ntawm lub neej, lawv ua loj cov kab mob. Piv txwv li, dysentery Bacillus, uas multiplies nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv, ua rau tsis muaj zog, kub taub hau, mob taub hau, ntxhov siab ntawm ib lub rooj zaum - tag nrho ces dysentery. "Tus kab mob ntawm qias neeg txhais tes" yog feem ntau xa mus rau raws li salmonellosis, typhoid fever thiab cholera. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog tshwm sim los ntawm lub haus ntawm cab prokaryotes.

Tib neeg thiab tsiaj txaus ntshai kab mob yog kab mob ntsws, kab mob anthrax, tetanus, angina, diphtheria, glanders, brucellosis. Mechanisms ntawm lawv cov kev taw qhia mus rau hauv lub cev yog cov sib txawv:

• noj cov dej tsis huv los yog khoom noj khoom haus;
• plav txoj kev;
• tsis ua hauj lwm ua raws li cov kev tu cev.

symbiotic cov kab mob

Muaj ntau cov kab mob muaj peev xwm nkag mus kawm rau hauv nrog pab kev sib raug zoo nrog rau lwm cov kingdoms ntawm qhov. Lawv yog cov tsis muaj kev zam thiab kab mob. Catering cov neeg sawv cev ntawm no pab pawg neeg kuj heterotrophic. Txawm li cas los, lawv yog cov npaj txhij noj tshuaj lwm yam kab mob tsis tas yuav ua mob. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, qhov no cohabitation muaj ntau yam kev pab.

Ib qho piv txwv ntawm tej ces yog nitrifying kab mob uas nyob rau hauv cov keeb kwm ntawm leguminous nroj tsuag. Tsis muaj los ntawm cov av los ntawm tawg nyob rau hauv lub txheej ntawm ntaub so ntswg, uas lawv pib txawj proliferate. Qhov no los tau nyob rau hauv ib tug me me, tiam sis muaj ntau npuas. Qhov no zoo ntawm kab mob muaj peev xwm mus kho nitrogen, ib feem ntawm cov huab cua thiab hloov nws mus rau hauv ib tug muaj daim ntawv rau cov nroj tsuag. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no lawv yeej npaj los ntawm kev cog cov as-ham, uas yog nyob rau hauv aqueous tov.

Tib neeg symbiotic cov kab mob yog prokaryotes uas nyob rau hauv nws lub plab. Ntawm no, lawv tsim enzymes, ntxiv yooj yim splitting ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov organic tebchaw. Tus kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab qog ua kua week tiv thaiv kom txhob tos ntawm "alien" prokaryotes.

Yog li, cov kab mob yog ib leeg-celled prokaryotic kab mob. Tej zaum lawv yuav nws tus kheej tsim organic compound (autotrophs) thiab npaj noj (heterotrophs).