Cov hom thiab cov chav kawm ntawv ntawm mollusks. General yam ntxwv ntawm Molluscs. Yuav ua li cas yog muaj qaub caj pas nyob rau hauv Molluscs?

Shellfish yog cov feem ntau ancient invertebrates. Txawv los ntawm xub ntiag ntawm lub cev kab noj hniav thiab lub qhov yog yooj yim txheej txheem hauv nruab nrog cev. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv muaj ib tug calcareous plhaub, uas yog zoo nkauj zoo tiv thaiv los ntawm lawv lub cev tawm tsam ntau hom tsiaj.

Vaj tse kaw thiab daim av thiab dej. Yog ib qho tseem ceeb qhov link hauv cov zaub mov saw, lawv noj ntau yam tsiaj. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj ntau yam ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov ua sawv ntawm txoj kev loj hlob yog cab ntses, feem ntau ua raws li reservoir fwjchim luj kawg nkaus rau ntau cab cab. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, kuv xav hais qhia rau cov kiv cua ntawm tourism, uas nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub yuav tsis haus cov dej ncaj ntawm lub qhib reservoirs. Muaj nyob rau hauv cov kua kab opisthorchis yuav muaj kev zoo siab tau nyob rau hauv koj cov hnyuv, qhov chaw uas ze rau lub siab!

Nws yog tsis yog feem ntau nco qab no, tab sis muaj ntau hom ntawm no hom yog predatory txoj kev ua neej. Nyob rau hauv ua li ntawd, lawv pab txoj kev loj hlob ntawm muaj qaub caj pas. Los ntawm txoj kev, yog dab tsi yog ib tug muaj qaub caj pas nyob rau hauv Molluscs? Nyob rau hauv no kaus sij hawm no implies heev ib tug broad spectrum ntawm tej kabmob, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub caj pas thiab lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav. Lawv yog tsim rau lub tso pa tawm ntawm ntau yam tshuaj, uas nws cov yam ntxwv yuav ua tau sib txawv heev los ntawm peb kev nkag siab ntawm lo lus "nti".

Raws li ib tug txoj cai, lub mollusks muaj ib tug los yog ob khub ntawm cov qog, uas nyob rau hauv ib co hom mus txog ib tug heev impressive loj. Rau feem ntau cov hom of prey daim card, uas lawv tso, muaj los ntawm 2.18 mus 4,25% reagent qib sulfuric acid. Nws yuav pab ob leeg mus fend tawm txhom thiab raug tsim txom nyob rau hauv lawv cov txheeb ze (sulfuric acid txig yaj calcareous zoo li). Hais tias yog dab tsi tus muaj qaub caj pas ntawm mollusks.

Lwm yam tej yam ntuj tso tus nqi

Muaj ntau ntawm cov hom ntawm slugs thiab qwj, ua enormous kev puas tsuaj rau ua liaj ua teb nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws yog shellfish ua si ib qho tseem ceeb heev luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no dej kev kho mob, txij li thaum lawv muab yog siv lim tawm ntawm nws organic. Nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws, loj bivalves bred nyob rau hauv marine teb, raws li lawv yog ib tug tseem ceeb khoom noj khoom, uas muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov protein. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub shellfish (qwj nplais thiab oysters) yog txawm siv nyob rau hauv kev noj haus kev noj haus.

Nyob rau hauv lub yav tas los USSR endangered xam tau tias yog ib zaug 19 cov neeg sawv cev ntawm no ancient hom. Txawm tias muaj ntau haiv neeg ntawm Molluscs, lawv yuav tsum tau kho nrog saib xyuas, raws li lawv yog tseem ceeb heev rau cov hauj lwm ntawm ntau ntuj yeej.

Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub shellfish yog feem ntau sib txawv tswv yim tseem ceeb rau tib neeg. Piv txwv li, hlaws loj bred nyob rau hauv ntau nqaum lub teb chaws, raws li qhov no zoo ntawm yog ib tug neeg muag khoom ntawm tej yam ntuj tso pearls. Ib txhia qwj yog ib tug zoo muaj nuj nqis rau cov tshuaj, tshuaj thiab kev lag luam.

Koj puas xav paub nthuav tseeb txog shellfish? Nyob rau hauv ancient lub sij hawm thiab cov Nrab Hnub nyoog, tej zaum inconspicuous cephalopods twb lub hauv paus rau lub thaj ntawm tag nrho lub teb chaws, vim hais tias ntawm lawv rho nqi ntshav, uas tau tsuas nrog lub koob muaj npe mantle thiab tsho tshaj sab nom tswv cajceg!

hom shellfish

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, nws muaj ntau tshaj li 130 000 hom (yog, unbelievable muaj ntau haiv neeg ntawm Molluscs). Qwj rau tag nrho cov surpassed xwb los arthropods, yog cov thib ob feem ntau nyob tus kab mob ntawm cov ntiaj chaw. Feem ntau ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv cov dej, thiab tsuas yog ib tus me naj npawb ntawm cov tsiaj tau xaiv raws li lawv qhov chaw nyob teb chaws.

General yam ntxwv

Yuav luag tag nrho cov tsiaj uas yog ib feem ntawm hom yog yus muaj ntau nta. Ntawm no yog saws hnub no ib tug general cov yam ntxwv ntawm shellfish:

• Ua ntej, ib tug peb-txheej. Lawv system lub cev tsim los ntawm cov ectoderm, endoderm thiab mesoderm.
• Symmetry ob sab sib dho hom tshwm sim los muaj teeb meem loj xaav ntawm ntau ntawm lawv lub cev.
• Tsis-segmented lub cev, nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, kuj ruaj ntseg khoom limestone tog.
• Muaj yog ib daim tawv nqaij quav (mantle), uas envelops tag nrho cov ntawm lawv lub cev.
• Rau kev tshem yog zoo-txhais nqaij outgrowth (ceg).
• Coelomic kab noj hniav heev tsis zoo qhia.
• Muaj yuav luag tag nrho cov tib hloov khoom nruab nrog system (nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim to taub daim ntawv no, ntawm cov hoob kawm), raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub siab tsiaj.

Yog li, ib tug general cov yam ntxwv ntawm shellfish ntawd hais tias nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm peb - heev tsim, tab sis tseem txheej thaum ub cov tsiaj. Tsis muaj zem hais tias muaj ntau zaum ntseeg npliag deg ntsiab txwv zeej txwv koob ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm muaj sia nyob rau ntawm peb lub ntiaj chaw. Rau clarity, peb muab ib lub rooj uas nyob rau hauv ntau dua kom meej pleev xim rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub ob feem ntau cov chav kawm ntawv.

ncauj lus kom ntxaws specification

Nyob rau hauv gastropods lub cev yog tseem symmetrical, txawm hais tias bivalve hom tsis cai. Lub division ntawm lub cev mus rau hauv feem fwm xwb nyob rau hauv ib tug heev txheej thaum ub hom. Secondary lub cev kab noj hniav hais ib lub hnab uas lwm tus lub plawv mob thiab kev sib deev kabmob. Tag nrho qhov chaw ntawm lub cev yog kiag li lawm ua tus sau nrog parenchyma.

Lub pob tw ntawm ntau hom ntawm mollusks yuav tau muab faib mus rau hauv cov nram qab no kev sib cais:

• Lub taub hau.
• Npog tas ib ce.
• Nqaij ceg los ntawm kev uas lub zog.

Tag nrho bivalve hom ntawm lub taub hau yog kiag li txo. Nyob rau hauv footed meant loj heev npag caj npab uas evolves ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub plab phab ntsa. Nyob ze ze ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub cev daim tawv nqaij ntaub ntawv ib tug loj pleated robes. Nruab nrab ntawm nws thiab lub cev muaj yog ib tug theej loj kab noj hniav nyob rau hauv uas lub nram qab no uas lub cev yuav nyob: lub gills, thiab cov lus xaus ntawm qhov kev sib deev thiab excretory systems. Hais tias mantle secretes tshuaj uas reacts nrog dej rau ib tug khoom plhaub.

Lub plhaub yuav tsum yog kiag li khoom, thiab muaj ob li qub los yog ntau tshaj daim hlau. Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm no sheath nkag mus rau ntau cov pa roj carbon dioxide (ntawm chav kawm, nyob rau hauv lub bound lub xeev - CaCO ₃₎ thiab conchiolin, tshwj xeeb organic tshuaj uas yog tsim los ntawm lub cev ntawm lub mollusk. Txawm li cas los, ntau hom ntawm mollusc plhaub kiag los yog cov txo. Nyob rau hauv slugs los ntawm nws muaj tsuas yog ib tug me me phaj ntau thiab tsawg pab.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov digestive system

gastropods

Thaum lub hauv pem hauv ntej thaum xaus ntawm lub taub hau muaj ib lub qhov ncauj. Lub cev lub ntsiab ntawm nws yog haib, npag tus nplaig, uas yog them nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb muaj zog chitin rasp (radula). Nrog kev pab los ntawm lub cochlea scraped algae los yog lwm yam organic txheej rau tag nrho cov siv tau cov chaw. Nyob rau hauv predatory hom (uas peb sib tham txog hauv qab no) lus twb los yug dua nyob rau hauv saj zawg zog thiab txhav proboscis, uas yog npaj rau kev qhib rau tus neeg zoo li ntawm lwm cov mollusks.

Peb Cones (uas kuj yuav tsum tau tham nyias), ib txhia feem ntawm lub radula cuag tshaj lub qhov ncauj thiab tsim ib tug zoo ntawm rab hmuv vos. Nrog lawv pab, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub shellfish cia hurl lawv venom rau hauv tus neeg mob. Ib txhia predatory gastropods lus muaj los ua ib tug tshwj xeeb "xyaum", lawv cia li tho qhov nyob rau hauv lub plhaub ntawm nws cov prey rau hno venom.

bivalve

Nyob rau hauv lawv cov ntaub ntawv, txhua yam yog yooj yim npaum li. Lawv cia li pw tsis txawj nyob rau hauv qab (los yog dai nruj nreem txuas mus rau lub substrate), profiltrovyvaya los ntawm nws lub cev pua pua ntawm litres ntawm cov dej nrog yaj organic teeb meem. Lim hais nkag ncaj qha mus rau hauv ib tug loj plab.

ua pa

Feem ntau ntawm cov hom pa los ntawm gills. Muaj yog ib tug "pem hauv ntej" thiab "rear" hom. Thaum xub thawj tus gills muaj nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub cev thiab lub ntsis taw rau pem hauv ntej. Raws li, nyob rau hauv lub thib ob cov ntaub ntawv rau lub ntsis tig rov qab. Ib txhia nudibranchs poob lawv gills nyob rau hauv lub literal siab ntawm lo lus. Cov loj qwj ua pa ncaj qha los ntawm daim tawv nqaij.

Ua li no, lawv tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb lub cev daim tawv nqaij coj hom. Nyob rau hauv terrestrial hom thiab theem nrab dej mollusks (lawv pog koob yawg koob dua rov qab mus rau cov dej) ntawm lub mantle ib feem yog qhwv, txoj kev ua ib tug zoo ntawm lub teeb, cov phab ntsa uas yog penetrated los ntawm cov hlab ntsha densely. Yuav kom ua pa xws qwj yog tsa mus rau cov dej saum npoo thiab cov cua txaus recruited los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb spiracles. Lub plawv, nyob tsis deb ntawm lub pa system, qhov nyuaj "siv" muaj ib atrium thiab ventricle.

Lub ntsiab chav kawm yog ib feem ntawm lub hom

Raws li cov faib hom shellfish? Cov chav kawm ntawm Molluscs (ib tug tag nrho ntawm yim daim), "crowned" peb feem ntau heev heev:

• Gastropods (Gastropoda). Qhov no muaj xws li txhiab ntawm cov tsiaj ntawm qwj ntawm tag nrho cov ntau thiab tsawg pab, lub ntsiab feature uas yog cov tsis tshua muaj kev ceev ntawm lub zog thiab zoo-tsim npag ko taw.
• Bivalves (Bivalvia). Lub plhaub ntawm ob li qub. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, tag nrho cov mej zeej ntawm lub chav kawm ntawv ntawm hom sedentary, tsaug zog. Yuav ob txav ntawm npag ob txhais ceg thiab los ntawm lub dav hlau thrust, ejecting Pa dej.
• Cephalopod (Cephalopoda). Rooj noj qwj, scallops los yog tsis kam muab zoo rau nws, los yog nws yog nyob rau hauv nws kiag.

Leej twg muaj nyob rau hauv lub hom shellfish? Molluscs cov chav kawm ntau haiv neeg: nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd rau tag nrho cov saum toj no, muaj cov tseem kaus hniav plhaub, Tubular thiab caudofoveata, solenogastres thiab monoplacophora. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog tam sim no nyob thiab thriving.

Yuav ua li cas hom ntawm cov pob txha mollusks muaj? Molluscs cov chav kawm ntawv uas twb tu noob:

• Rostroconchia.
• Tentaculites.

Los ntawm txoj kev hais lus, tib lub monoplacophora kom txog rau thaum 1952 raug xam tias yog kiag li tu noob, tab sis thaum lub sij hawm lub nkoj "Galatea" nrog rau cov kev tshawb fawb ntoj ke mus kawm aboard catch ob peb tshiab cov kab mob uas tau raug muab tso rau ib tug tshiab hom Neopilina galatheae. Raws li koj tau pom, lub npe ntawm no hom ntawm shellfish tau muab rau sawv cev ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb txog ntsha, uas pom lawv. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv scientific kev xyaum, nws tsis yooj yim dua: hom ntau xws nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm lawv discoverer explorer.

Yog li ntawd nws yog tau hais tias tag nrho cov xyoo tom ntej thiab kev tshawb fawb tshiab lub hom phiaj yuav tsum tau txhawb kev kawm lub hom shellfish: qwj chav kawm ntawv, uas yog tam sim no pom tau hais tias yuav tu noob, nws yuav muab cia rau qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub fathomless depths ntawm lub hiav txwv.

nthuav lus tseeb

Raws li coj txawv txawv raws li nws yuav sound, yog ib lub feem ntau txaus ntshai thiab zoo kawg txhom ntawm cov ntiaj chaw yog xam tau tias yog ... seemingly txawm qwj. Piv txwv li, cones Qwj (lat. Conidae), ib tug tshuaj lom tias yog li ntawd txawv txawv hais tias nws yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua niaj hnub pharmacists ntawm tej hom ntawm tsawg cov tshuaj. Incidentally, lub npe ntawm tus shellfish tsev neeg yog tag nrho txhaum. Lawv zoo thiab nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb feem ntau zoo li ib tug truncated lub khob hliav qab.

Lawv yuav ua tau pheej zoov heev dua lwm yam kev khuv leej li ntes cia rau floodplain prey. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, raws li tus tom kawg yog cov feem ntau colonial, sedentary hom, raws li rau lwm yam qwj tsuas cia tsis tau. Tus neeg nrog nws loj tej zaum yuav ntau tshaj kaum lub sij hawm tus neeg tua tsiaj. Koj puas xav paub ntau ntxiv nthuav tseeb txog shellfish? Yog thov!

Nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntawm kev yos hav zoov qwj

Feem ntau cov feem ntau treacherous mollusc siv cov haib tshaj lub cev, muaj zog npag ko taw. Nws yuav raug txuas mus rau ntau tus lawm nrog ib tug quab yuam sib npaug rau hauv daim ntawv thov ntawm ib tug quab yuam ntawm 20 kg! Predatory qwj uas yog kom txaus. Piv txwv li, rau "catch" lub oyster qhib nyob rau hauv tsawg tshaj li ib teev nrog ib tug quab yuam ntawm tsuas kaum kilos! Nyob rau hauv luv luv, lub neej ntawm Molluscs yog ntau txaus ntshai tshaj nws yog xav txog nws ...

Lwm yam hom gastropods thiab xav tsis thawb maj mam muab prosverlivaya ntau lawm lub dab ntxuav tes los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb proboscis. Nov yog tus txheej txheem yog tej yam yooj yim thiab ceev tsis txhob hu rau hauv tag nrho muaj siab. Yog li, thaum lub thickness ntawm lub plhaub xwb nyob rau hauv 0.1 hli bore yuav siv sijhawm txog li 13 teev! Yeah, qhov no txoj kev "tua tsiaj" tsuas yog haum rau tus qwj ...

Xaus!

Yaj ib tug txawv teb chaws lub plhaub thiab ntawm nws tus tswv, shellfish siv sulfuric acid (koj twb paub dab tsi ib tug muaj qaub caj pas nyob rau hauv mollusks). Txij li thaum txoj kev puas tsuaj npaum li cas yooj yim thiab ceev. Thaum lub qhov yog ua li cas, lub predator pib maj mam noj deb nws cov prey los ntawm ib tug "pob", kev siv ntawm lawv proboscis. Yuav kom ib co raws li, qhov no lub cev yuav xyuam xim raug xam tias yog ib tug analogue ntawm peb txhais tes, vim hais tias nws yog ncaj qha mus muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub capture thiab tuav prey. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov crane tau feem ntau yuav kos nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txoj kev uas tshaj qhov ntev ntawm lub cev ntawm tus neeg tua tsiaj.

Qhov ntawd yog yuav ua li cas qwj yuav tau txais lawv prey txawm los ntawm sib sib zog nqus tej kab nrib pleb thiab loj zoo li. Ib zaug ntxiv, hais tias nws yog los ntawm lub proboscis rau hauv tus neeg lub cev txhaj ib tug muaj zog tshuaj lom, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv sib ntshiab sulfuric acid (tso tawm los ntawm lub "dawb huv" ntawm lub qaub ncaug). Nyob rau hauv luv luv, tam sim no koj paub raws nraim li cas cov muaj qaub caj pas nyob rau hauv Molluscs thiab vim li cas lawv xav tau.