Cov hmoov txhuv nplej Hydrolysis

Starch (S6N10O5) n - polysaccharide uas yog li ntawm ob feem: 25% linear amylose thiab 75% amylopectin branched. Nws yog tsim los ntawm lub teeb nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag thaum lub sij hawm photosynthesis.

Qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas yog ib tug dawb hmoov uas yog insoluble nyob rau hauv dej txias mus ua ib lub slurry. Tom qab hauv lub slurry rau hauv qab ntawm lub tank tso dawb precipitate, thiab cov dej yuav tsum uas dej xau thawm yooj yim. Tom qab so qhuav, cov hmoov txhuv nplej zaug tag nrho nws lub zog.

Nyob rau hauv lub kub dej nws cov ntaub ntawv ib tug colloidal tov ntawm lub tshuaj - yog xws li ib tug khov kua, uas tseem hu ua ib tug hmoov txhuv nplej muab tshuaj txhuam thiab yog feem ntau siv rau hauv lub tsev raws li nplaum. Thiab tsis tau nyob cov cuab yeej no raws li nws ua noj ua haus jelly thiab ib co khoom qab zib.

Starch - ib tug sib inert substance. Nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau nws mus li cas, koj yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem catalysts.

Nyob rau nws lub cev thiab tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm lub substance raws li daim ntawv thov. Yog li, starch thiab nws cov derivatives kheev siv nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov, textile thiab daim ntawv industries. Thiab rau muaj sia nyob, nws plays ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm.

Yuav kom siv cov organic teeb meem kom muaj lub hom phiaj nws yog sib vozdeystiviyu. Hydrolysis ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej - qhov no ion pauv txheej txheem ntawm cov dej thiab cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw, uas tej zaum yuav enzymatic los yog acidic.

Tshuaj hydrolysis ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej - catalytic cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, raws li muaj tshwm sim nrog cua kub nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm inorganic acids. Thaum lub sij hawm no tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab zauv yuav qhia nyob rau hauv cov zib tsim uas:
(S6N10O5) n + nH2O + (miv. H2SO4 + t °) = nC6H12O6.

Tab sis tsis ntev los no nkag mus rau hauv tej chaw enzymatic hydrolysis ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej. Siv tshwj xeeb technology, nws yog tau los ntawm ethyl cawv, zib suab thaj thiab zib, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj hydrolysis.

Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm no txoj kev yog hais tias ib tug nplawv tsob nroj noj raws li ib tug raw khoom rau nws, rau piv txwv, rye, qos yaj ywm, maize, mov thiab lwm tus neeg. Cov no qhov chaw, tshaj tej ntawm, muaj nyob rau hauv lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg amylolytic enzymes, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv lub hydrolysis txheej txheem.

Piv txwv li, xws enzymes yog isoamylase thiab pullulanase, glyukolinazy. Enzymes - tej yam ntuj tso catalysts uas leeb tshuaj tshua. Schematically tus txheej txheem ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej degradation los ntawm enzymes raws li nram no: cov hmoov txhuv nplej → soluble cov hmoov txhuv nplej (amylose) → oligosaccharides (dextrins) → disaccharide (maltose = malt) → α-qabzib. Nws kuj yuav qhia los ntawm cov kab zauv:
(C6H10O5) n + nH2O + (kat.- enzyme) = nC6H12O6

Dig muag, koj yuav pom tias muaj yog ib tug tshuaj hydrolysis, nqa tawm thwmsim. Boil lub sib tov ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej muab tshuaj txhuam nrog sulfuric acid. Peb xyuas saib yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug hydrolysis - nrog iodine. Yog hais tias qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tsis zoo, ces muaj yog tsis muaj kob xiav los yog violet xim, nws txhais tau tias hydrolysis tshwm sim.

Tam sim no ua pov thawj tias lub hydrolysis khoom - qabzib. Ntxiv alkali rau lub resulting tov thiab tooj liab sulfate (II) (CuSO4). Lub precipitate tooj liab hydroxide tsis poob, cov tshuaj tau muab ib tug kaj xiav xim. Rhuab thiab saib lub tsim ntawm sludge terra cotta (cib) xim - nws txhais tau hais tias kev daws muaj ib tug qabzib, uas yog tsim nyob rau thaum lub sij hawm lub hydrolysis.

Cov tib neeg lub cev kuj tshwm sim enzymatic hydrolysis ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej. Qhov no tus txheej txheem yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev, vim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tsim carbohydrates, tshwj xeeb yog qabzib. Nws yog oxidized nyob rau hauv txhua txhua cell hauv lub cev, txoj kev dej thiab carbon dioxide, yog li tso zog yuav tsum tau rau qub hauj lwm ntawm lub cev.

Hydrolysis ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej nrog enzymes pib nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj thaum zom. Tib neeg cov qaub ncaug muaj ib qho enzyme - amylase, uas nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub hmoov txhuv nplej yog phua rau hauv yooj yim Cheebtsam - dextrins. Cov txheej txheem ib tug neeg muaj peev xwm txawm xav tias nws. Tom qab tag nrho, yog ib tug ntev lub sij hawm mus zom cov mov, ces nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj tshwm Sweet saj, uas yuav qhia tau tias thaum pib ntawm lub hmoov txhuv nplej hydrolysis txheej txheem. Tshaj qabzib, uas yog tsim nyob rau thaum lub sij hawm lub hydrolysis, yog tso rau hauv lub siab raws li ib tug cia as - glycogen.