Comprehensive tsom xam ntawm cov paj huam. Nekrasov, "schoolboy": yam ntxwv, lub ntsiab lub tswv yim thiab kev tshoov siab

Realism thiab tsis muaj lo lus ntawm ib tug dag - uas yog lub ntsiab feature ntawm Nikolai Nekrasov. Travelling lub expanses ntawm nws haiv neeg lub xeev, yog li muaj ib tug ntau mus saib: sib sib zog nqus tu siab, kev txom nyem thiab lub indomitable zog ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab ntsuj plig. Nyob rau hauv nws cov kwv huam kom meej meej tso cov neej. Txhua txoj kab ntawm cov khoom uas muaj cov kev mob thiab kev tu siab, tab sis tom qab lawv cov lus dag kev cia siab rau ib tug zoo dua yav tom ntej. Tham txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kws sau paj lug yuav ua tau ntev, tab sis rau clarity yog zoo dua rau kev tsom xam cov ntawm cov paj huam Nekrasov "schoolboy".

tsom xam lub tswv yim

Tsom xam cov lyrical ua hauj lwm yog tsim nyog, raws li nyob rau hauv lub hom phiaj. Nws yog yooj yim npaum li mus ua hauj lwm. Feem ntau cov feem ntau siv rau kev tsom xam ntawm ib tug paj huam raws li nram no cov yam ntxwv:

1. Thaum twg, los ntawm leej twg thiab ua hauj lwm tau sau nyob rau hauv dab tsi tej yam kev mob.
2. Yuav ua li cas ua hauj lwm? Nws yog tsim nyog los piav qhia txog cov tswv yim yooj ntsiab, lub tswv yim thiab zaj dabneeg.
3. Artistic txhais tau tias. Koj yuav tsum qhia kom meej li cas tus neeg sau siv artistic hom kev kawm los qhia lub tswv yim yooj yim.
4. Vocabulary thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg. Qhov no qhia li cas paub cov ntsiab lus sau zaj paj huam: conversational, journalistic, etc. Tsis tas li ntawd muaj nqis mentioning yog lub xov tooj ntawm cov kab thiab stanzas.
5. Cov duab ntawm lub lyrical hero.

Tam sim no koj muaj peev xwm pib rau kev tsom xam Nekrasov lub paj huam "schoolboy". 4 chav kawm ntawv, uas yog pib kawm ua hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam, ib yam nkaus thiab, muaj peev xwm tiv nrog no ua hauj lwm, raws li cov kev npaj khomob.

Cov kws sau paj lug thiab nws ua hauj lwm

Nekrasov tej hauj lwm txawv los ntawm qhov tob ntawm lub ntsiab lus thiab sau nrog zoo kawg quab yuam. Nws cov kwv huam yog feem ntau piav txog tus teeb meem nyuaj siab los ntawm cov neeg thiab cov kws sau paj lug rau nws tus kheej. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1856, Nekrasov tsim ib tug ua hauj lwm ntawm "schoolboy" (nws thawj yog cov ntawv nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv journal "Library rau nyeem ntawv» - №10).

1856 Lub xyoo yuav tsum tau hu ua ib tug raws taw tes rau hauv lub kws sau paj lug ua hauj lwm. Nekrasov yog muaj peev xwm yeej ib tug kab mob, muab nws tus kheej sau los ntawm cov kwv huam, thiab "Kawm" magazine, qhov kev tso tawm ntawm cov uas nws twb koom, nws pib mus nce chaw dua. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd faiv fab tso lub Alexander II, uas tsaws thiab lub neej ua ib tug me ntsis ntau dawb do. Thaum lub sij hawm no thiab tsim lub paj huam "schoolboy," uas qhia cov dab neeg uas cov me nyuam uas xav tau txoj kev los ntawm cov neeg txom nyem thiab mus lawv tus kheej txoj kev.

Ntsiab, lub tswv yim, zajlus

Cais Nekrasov lub paj huam "schoolboy", koj yuav tau xaiv lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua hauj lwm: cov teeb meem ntawm kev kawm ntawv, uas qhia rau hauv lub lyrical hero. Lub tswv yim yooj yim ntawm cov nqe no yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm txoj kev, uas nruab nrab yog txoj kev ntawm lub neej.

Cov zajlus yog muab tso rau lyrical lub rooj sib tham nrog ib tug yooj yim cov neeg pluag tus me nyuam. Nws twb tsis zoo hnav khaub ncaws thiab nqa nrog nws ib phau ntawv. Pom nws, lub lyrical hero pib tham txog cov kev pab cuam ntawm kev kawm ntawv, nyob rau hauv particular hais tias cov neeg ib qho nyuaj rau xa lawv tus me nyuam paub. Tab sis, cuaj kaum, nws hais lus yog optimistic, lyrical hero txhawb cov me nyuam tub, hais tias nws tag nrho cov pib nrog ib tug yooj yim txoj kev. Nws txo nws hwj cov piv txwv ntawm Lomonosov, thiab hais tias rau cov neeg uas tsis ntshai mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv muaj kev txawj ntse, "ib tug npau suav los muaj tseeb nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag."

Nyob rau hauv xaus, lub hero puv rau nws teb koj chaw, uas tau tseem tsis tau sab sab nws tus kheej thiab yuav mus coj cov txuj ci uas nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej yuav paub thiab sib hwm, thiab kev hwm.

artistic txhais tau tias

Ntxiv rau kev tsom xam cov paj huam "schoolboy" Nekrasov raws li txoj kev npaj, peb yuav tau them nyiaj mloog mus rau lub tswv yim txhais tau tias siv kws sau paj lug. Nyob rau hauv thawj quatrain, tsim ib tug teeb meem no nyob rau hauv uas lub lyrical hero, tus sau siv qhov ua piv txwv ntawm ib tug "tu siab heev txoj kev". Yuav kom piav qhia txog ib tug me nyuam nrog ib phau ntawv Nekrasov siv lub epithet "qias neeg lub cev", "NW nyuam qhuav them ob lub mis" "liab qab taw". Tsis tas li ntawd muaj ntau yam adjectives yuav muaj nyob rau hauv kab hauv qab no, piv txwv li, lub "haiv neeg Rus" los yog "thawj tubtxib saum ntuj txiv neej."

Nyob rau hauv kab kawg ntawm ntau antithesis - tus txheem. Cov neeg uas nrhiav kev txawj ntse, tus sau contrasts cov neeg uas tuaj mus rau tsis muaj dab tsi uas qhia tej kev txaus siab. Thawj Nekrasov piav raws li "zoo", "noble" thiab "muaj zog", qhov thib ob - raws li ib tug "pompous", "ruam" thiab "khaub thuas."

Cov khoom yuav pom allegory - "ib tug npau suav los muaj tseeb nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag." Kuj nrhiav tau ib rhetorical daim duab - ib tug tsis txaus siab uas yog underlines lub excitement ntawm Nekrasov: "Tsis txhob txaj muag!" "Zoo, nws mus kuj, rau Vajtswv lub sake!".

Vocabulary thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg

Nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm Nekrasov lug siv pej xeem hais lus, yog li lub "schoolboy" kwv huam thiab cov lus xws li "txiv", "tsis txhob ntshai" thiab lwm tus neeg.

Ua ib tug tsom xam ntawm cov ntawv paj huam Nekrasov "schoolboy" tas yuav tsum qhia kom meej lub xov tooj ntawm cov kab thiab stanzas ntawm nqe los mus txiav txim qhov luaj li cas. Yog li, ib tug paj huam muaj li ntawm 10 nqe. Conventionally, lawv yuav tsum tau muab faib ua 3 qhov chaw:

1. Hauj lwm lyrical.
2. Lub ntsiab yog ib feem ntawm uas muaj monologues.
3. Rov hais dua rau lub motherland.

Analysis Nekrasov paj huam "me nyuam kawm ntawv" pom tias cov khoom muaj ib tug loj chetyrehstopnym chorea, thiab muaj verses quatrains ntoo khaub lig-suab xaus sib dhos.

lyrical hero

Thaum no tus taw tes, thiab complex tsom xam xaus. Los ntawm cov kev soj ntsuam ntawm Nekrasov tus "me nyuam kawm ntawv" ntawm cov paj huam nws yuav paub tseeb hais tias raws li ib tug lyrical hero hais lus tus sau, piav txog nws lub teb chaws mus txawv tebchaws. Lub hauv paus ntawm cov khoom xav Nekrasov muab tso rau lub plight ntawm nws cov neeg, tab sis nws yog tej yam hais tias cov zoo tib yam teb muaj ib tug ntau ntawm txuj ci. Nws xav kom pab txhawb cov me nyuam uas txaus siab kawm thiab xaiv ib tug txawv txoj hmoo tshaj uas ntawm lawv niam lawv txiv. Lyrical hero, thiab nrog nws, thiab Nekrasov nws tus kheej, hais tias tsis txhob poob ntsej muag ntawm cov neeg txom nyem, vim hais tias lub zog ua hauj lwm yuav tau nqe zug.

Nyob rau cov paj huam

Nikolai Nekrasov nto moo Lavxias teb sab paj huam, ib tug paub tias classic ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv. Thaum lub sij hawm, nws los ua nto moo raws li ib tug revolutionary Democrat, thiab nws morality thiab tsis meej xwm kev nqis tes ua tseem ua rau ib tug ntau ntawm teeb meem kev xav. Nekrasov ua nto moo rau tej hauj lwm raws li lub paj huam "Santa Mazzei thiab hares", cov paj huam "te, Liab ntswg" thiab "Leej twg Nyob Zoo nyob rau hauv Russia".

Tag nrho cov ntawm nws ua hauj lwm tau rau rau siab ua heev dua lwm yam rau lub Lavxias teb sab neeg. Nws vividly piav txog tus xwm txheej no ntawm lub peasantry thiab cov kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Lus dab neeg muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab richness ntawm lub teb chaws cov lus yog lug siv nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm lub kws sau paj lug. Cov txheej txheem no Nikolai tswj kom nthuav lub thaj tsam ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam. Poet yuav rightly xam tau tias yog ib tug tho kev uas yog tsis ntshai mus coj ib tug ua ke ntawm cov kwv huam elegies, paj huam thiab satire, uas muaj ib tug tseem ceeb feem nyob rau ntxiv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Txawm cais Nekrasov lub paj huam "schoolboy", koj yuav pom qhov no txawv feature.