Kev Kawm Ntawv:, Cov lus
Complex adjectives. Piv txwv ntawm txoj kev nyuaj
Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev cai yog nyob ntawm cov cai ntawm kev sib tw, cais thiab cov lus sib txuas ntawm cov ntawv sau. Kev nyuaj siab, kev piv txwv ntawm kev sau ntawv uas yuav muab rau hauv tsab xov xwm, piav qhia cov cai ntawm kev sau lus ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus.
Lo lus nyuaj - nws yog dab tsi?
Lub lexical arsenal ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus yog ib tug yooj yim lo lus, muaj raws ntawm tib lub hauv paus, tib lub hauv paus (xiav, hluas, liab, lub caij nplooj zeeg s). Yog hais tias lo lus muaj ntau lub hauv paus los yog qhov chaw hauv paus, ces nws yog qhov nyuaj. Kev nyuaj siab, kev piv txwv uas tau muab rau hauv qab no nyob rau hauv cov ntxhuav, muaj ob lub hauv paus.
Lo lus nyuaj: txoj kev ntawm kev kawm
Daim ntawv compound lus nyob rau hauv peb lub ntsiab txoj kev: tsis tas li ntawd, fusion, tsiaj ntawv.
| Txoj kev | Kev piav qhia | Complex nouns thiab compound adjectives: piv txwv |
| Ntxiv | Morphological txoj kev derivation, nyob rau hauv uas ib tug compound lo lus tsim los ntawm cov phiajcim cov me nyuam yaus ntawm ib tug cim (a cim txuas Nyob rau nram qab no nyuaj consonants, ntawv niam E - rau mos). | Woolly, carnivorous, ntshav, ntev dav hlau |
| Ua ke | Lexico-syntactic method: nyob rau hauv ib lub koom ua ke nrog tag nrho cov lus ua ke uas tsis txuas cov ntawv niam txiv. | Ob-zaj dab neeg (ntawm ob plag tsev), plaub caug hnub (ntawm plaub caug hnub), ib tug madman (vwm) |
| Tsab ntawv | Kev mob-phonetic txoj kev: lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus (tus ntawv) yog ua los ntawm ob peb lo lus ntawm cov lus, tab sis, tsis zoo li ib lub fusion, tsuas yog qhov chaw hauv qab yog txuas nrog: pob, cov tsiaj ntawv. | Department store, nyiaj hli, KamAZ, NATO, EGE |
Sophisticated adjectives: sau ua ke
Txoj kev sib tw ntawm txoj kev tawm tswv yim ua raws cov cai ntawm kev sau ntawv, piav qhia txog lawv cov lus nyuaj, piv txwv uas tau muab rau hauv cov lus hauv qab no.
Hauv qhov no, txoj kev nyuaj yuav sau tau los ntawm ib lub ntsiab lus thiab ua ke los yog ua ib feem ntawm cov kab lus, qhov twg qhov chaw tawm tsis yog ib feem ntawm ib lo lus nyuaj.
| Tsis yog. | Txoj Cai | Sophisticated adjectives: piv txwv |
| Foldable | ||
| 1 | Nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm ib tug complex ntawm ib qho chaw los ntawm ib tug complex noun, uas yog sau ntawv ua ke. | Roj pipeline - roj pipeline, steamer - steamship |
| 2 | Hauv kev tsim tawm ib qho kev tawm tswv yim los ntawm kev sib txuas ua ke ntawm cov lus, nrog rau cov lus sib xyaw ua ke "tus ntawv + qhov chaw", uas hu rau cov khoom hauv thaj chaw. | Roob caij skiing - roob skiing, natural science - natural sciences, nruab nrab txhua hnub - nruab nrab rau ib hnub; Lysogorskaya - Bald Hills, yagodnopolyansky - Berry Glade |
| 3 | Yog hais tias lub npe qhov tseeb qhia tau lub sijhawm los yog lub ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb. | Kws muaj txuj ci, tis, cov txiv neej, mis-kas poom, ci, kev tshawb fawb txog geological |
| 4 | Yog hais tias cov thawj feem ntawm ib tug compound lo lus nram qab no: siab, above-, deep-, densely, kruto-, ntxhib, light-, small-, small-, multi, tsis tshua muaj, below-, ostro-, dav hlau, xav -, weakly, thick-, finely, kev cov nyom, Heavy, narrowband, wide-. Yog tias muaj cov ntsiab lus piav qhia nrog cov ntsiab lus, ces kev sau ntawv yog txawv. | Tsis tshua pom (tab sis: me ntsis kawm los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm), nyuaj rau extract (tab sis: nyuaj rau tshem tawm ntawm lub cev), paub zoo (dav paub dua sia) |
| 5 | Yog hais tias cov thawj feem ntawm ib tug compound lo lus - qhov no-wide, upper-, middle-, Lower, drevne-, early-, lig-. | Feem ntau, Nruab Nrab Lav Xias, Ntu Volga, Laus Lus Askiv, Yav Lig, Lig Scythian |
Sophisticated adjectives: hyphenation
Ib qho kev qhia ntau yog sau ua ib nrab hnub. Cov kev cai rau hyphens thiab cov lus sib txuas (piv txwv) yog muab rau hauv qab rooj.
| Tsis yog. | Txoj Cai | Sophisticated adjectives los ntawm ib tus hyphen: piv txwv |
| Los ntawm ib tug hyphen | ||
| 1 | Hauv kev tsim ntawm lub npe lub npe ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov ua tus ua, uas yog sau los ntawm ib lub thawv. | Sab qaum teb sab hnub poob - sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob, kev sib raug zoo-kev ywj pheej - kev ywj pheej, Issyk-Kul - Issyk-Kul (tab sis: vicarious, txij thaum nws yog ib tug ua ntej) |
| 2 | Yog hais tias lub chaw muab los ntawm lub ob npe, piv txwv li, ob surnames los yog thawj thiab lub xeem lub npe. Qhov tshwj yog lub npe sab hnub tuaj. | Pushkin-Gogol, Lion-Tolstoy, Jules-Vernovsky (tab sis: Dzhekichanskaya, Khoshiminsky) |
| 3 | Yog hais tias lub chaw tsim los ntawm cov merger ntawm ob peb sib npaug zos lus (ntawm lawv, koj yuav muab tso rau lub Union thiab los yog tab sis). | Convex-concave, kua-plum, Lavxias-Suav, qhia-siab ntsws |
| 4 | Yog hais tias tus adjective yog tsim los ntawm fusion ntawm ntau sib npaug, tab sis heterogeneous lus. | Tuam ua lag luam, electronic-computing, sib piv-keeb kwm |
| 5 | Yog hais tias cov thawj feem ntawm ib tug compound lo lus - nws yog tub rog, neeg 's, mass-, kev kawm ntawv, scientific. | Tub rog-kev cai lij choj, nrov-liberation, mass-sports, kev kawm-txoj kev, scientific thiab technical |
| 6th | Yog hais tias qhov chaw no qhia txog ib qho ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov xim. | Grey-ntsuab, daj-xiav, tob-dub |
| 7th | Complex adjectives-toponyms. | West-Kauslim, Sab Qaum Teb Ossetian, Sab Qab Teb-Urals |
Cov kab lus "adverb + adjective"
Cov lus tsis txaus siab - kev ua pivtxwv, cov pivtxwv uas tau muab rau saum toj no, yuav tsis yooj yim los qhia qhov txawv ntawm cov nqe lus sib xws.
Kev sau cov lus nyuaj: cov piv txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv
Nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm cov ntawv tseeb, txoj adjectives yog dav siv.
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