Bratya Rayt. Cov evolution ntawm tus thawj thought.

Americans Wilbur thiab Orvil Rayt, undoubtedly contributed immensely rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm aircraft tsim thiab aerodynamics. Ob tug kwvtij, nws lub neej yam thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm ob leeg muaj kuab xav sim hawm caij nyoog kom lawv tsim tau ib lub ci ntsa iab txhob mus ib txhis tshuav lawv cov npe nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm technology thiab science. Tab sis lub sij hawm los mus tso saib nws ntse heev nws hais ntawm ib zaug. Kuj muaj ntev lub sij hawm lawv ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nws lub khw - khw uas lawv muag thiab kho tsheb kauj vab (xws li nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej hom), printing presses, motors thiab ntau lwm yam kev mechanisms.

Nyob rau hauv nws lub sij hawm spare, cov kwvtij enjoyed nyeem ntawv ntawm lub ntau yam aeronautical tshwj xeeb xws li Otto Lilienthal, octave Chanute, Pirport Xamuyee Langley thiab ntau lwm tus neeg, uas, sai li sai ua qhov tseeb, thiab tshwm sim los ntawm Wilbur Wright ntawm cov thawj lub tswv yim, uas yog raws li nram no. Tom qab ib tug ntev kev soj xyuas tus sib ntaus ntawm cov noog, nws muab tso rau pem hauv ntej ingenious nyob rau hauv nws cov simplicity hypothesis: "Yog nws ua tau rau simulate cov khoom rog uas siv cov noog nyob rau hauv lub davhlau, hloov xwb qhov chaw ntawm lub tis, tsis muaj kev siv ntawm cov leeg." Zoo li lwm yam kev hypothesis, nws yuav tsum tau ntawv pov thawj. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm muaj ntau enthusiasts ntawm thiaj li hu ua aviation tho kev uas sim los tsim zoo xws li cov qauv rau davhlau tsheb. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Wilbert tshwm sim txoj kev tuag Otto Lilientalya, uas nws glider muab ib tug cia li cua hlob ntawm cua thiab plunged rau hauv qhov av qhov ntswg, rhuav Lilienthal nqaj qaum. Lilienthal lub xeem lo lus: "Cov neeg raug yog inevitable", yuam kom evolve nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm Wright lub tswv yim ntawm qhov tau nqa los-off rau cov muaj peev xwm uas keej tswj ntawm lub aircraft nrog lub siab tshaj plaws kev nyab xeeb rau tus tsav.

Nws cov kwv tij pib xyaum nrog lub ntiaj teb, tsim ntau yam qauv ntawm kites thiab lwm yam khoom, feem ntau ua los ntawm daim ntawv. Ntxiv mus, lawv ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub studio Wright voj voog Txauv muab cov kev tsim nyog kev qhov chaw thiab kev txawj ntse los sim mus tsim aircraft. Wright, txhua lub sij hawm ntau thiab ntau tsim nws lub tswv yim kom txog thaum nws ua tus thawj drawings ntawm tus thawj aircraft, raws li nyob rau hauv tus qauv ntawm peb aircraft axes ntawm kev sib hloov, uas, incidentally, yog tseem siv niaj hnub no. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm twb muaj prototypes ntawm chav xyaw, tab sis lawv siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm xyaw yog tsis yooj yim sua vim lawv hnyav hnyav. Tab sis lub peev xwm ntawm Wilber thiab Olvila ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug system, tau coj cov evolution ntawm lawv cov tswv yim mus rau lub creation ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb kiv cua thiab me me engine roj, uas yog npaum li cas me dua cov ua ntej kos duab nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm xyaw, tiam sis tsis tau zoo rau lawv nyob rau hauv hwj chim (txog 8 horsepower).

Keeb kwm hnub yog lub hlis ntuj nqeg 17, 1903. Nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Kitty Hawk, nyob rau hauv thiaj li hu ua txheej ntug dej hiav txwv nyob rau hauv North Carolina, cov thawj lub tswv yim ntawm lub Wright kwv tij, tom qab ntau tshaj plaub lub xyoos ntawm evolution, thaum kawg pom nws embodiment nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug aircraft. Txhua yam ntawm lub tshuab cov kwv tij ua lawv tus kheej txhais tes. Yees los ntawm lawv sib roj av cav tau txuam nrog ob propellers nrog tsheb kauj vab chains. Lub tshuab yog tswj los ntawm cov huab cua them nrog ntaub tis thiab tus Tsov tus tw ko tw nyoob hoom. Kauj mounted nyob rau hauv tus hneev siv los mus tswj lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub suab.

Nyob rau hnub no, npaj lub ntaus ntawv, Wright pab los ntawm lub zos rescuers. Lawv nicknamed ya tshuab "Flyers". Ib tug ntawm lawv, John Daniels, yog commissioned rau photograph lub "Flyer" nyob rau hauv lub lag luam. Thawj ya mus Orville, Wilbur nyob nrog ib tug stopwatch. Qhov no ua ntej lub davhlau, uas ntawd kub ntev li 12 seconds, li ntawd, ntaus cov Wright kwv tij uas Wilber tsis nco qab mus nres lub stopwatch thiab Orville yog li ntawd tias nws tsis nco qab mus nres lub kiv cua, tab sis Daniels tau ua tag nrho cov uas yog tsim nyog, thiab cov thawj mus ua tus yees duab nyob rau hauv lub neej kuj yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau nrov nyob rau hauv aviation keeb kwm. Tshuab Wright flied! Cov nram qab no flights tau ib tug ntev 52 thiab 60 meters nrog ib tug qhov siab ntawm txog peb meters saum av theem.

Lub hnub qub, cov kwvtij xa cov nram qab no xov mus rau nws tus txiv, tus npis sov ntawm lub Evangelical Koom Txoos, "txoj kev vam meej ntawm cov thawj plaub flights Thursday thaum sawv ntxov rau tag nrho cov tiv thaiv cov cua 21 mais hauv nruab nrab kev ceev ntawm lub cua 31 mais ntev 57 vib nas this qhia xovxwm tsev ib tug zoo siab Christmas." Thaum lub hlua taws xob neeg teb xov tooj hais tias nws yuav kis cov xov xwm mus rau ib tug phooj ywg uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib lub zos xov xwm, Bratya Rayt tsis kam, lawv xav xov xwm ntawm lawv lub davhlau muag los ntawm lawv cov haiv neeg Dayton. Tab sis lub hlua taws xob, tseem uas raug nqi ntau qhov txiav npluav, tau txais kev pab raws li cov lus qhia to. Tsis ntev, nws tus phooj ywg, journalist swb E. Moore, uas yog nyob rau hauv ib tug xav ua kom tau nrhiav rau ib tug tshwj xeeb lub ntsiab rau ib tsab xov xwm luam tawm distorted los ntawm 99% ntawm cov khoom, uas tau cawm nws cov hauj lwm.

Yog li, lub Bratya Rayt ua los ntawm Piv txwv li lub hwj chim ntawm tib neeg kev xav thiab nws ua raws li nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no hloov.