Benzyl Dej Cawv: Properties, npaj, daim ntawv thov

Aromatic alcohols - benzene homologues derivatives, nyob rau hauv lub radical uas lub hydrogen atom yog hloov los ntawm hydroxy. Tam sim no, naj hoom kev lag luam yog heev feem ntau siv benzyl haus dej cawv. Cov mis ntawm lub compound sawv cev los ntawm lub radical residue ntawm ib tug dej cawv thiab benzene (phenyl) - S6N5SN2ON. Aromatic alcohols yus isomerism radical sab saw thiab kev tso kawm pab pawg neeg - OH nyob rau hauv lub hydrocarbon saw. Haus dej cawv nyob rau hauv feem ntau ntawm cov neeg mob, muab lub tsis tseem ceeb lub npe.

Benzyl cawv: txoj kev ntawm tau txais

Aromatic alcohols nyob rau hauv lub dawb lub xeev yog dav faib nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, lawv nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb roj. Benzyl cawv twb tsim los ntawm halogenated benzene homologues, nyob rau hauv uas lub halogen yog laus nyob rau hauv ib tug sab saw. Cov alcohols txawv los ntawm lub phenols saum toj no tag nrho vim hais tias lawv tsis tau cov lus hais acidic zog. Benzyl cawv kuj tau los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso raw cov ntaub ntawv, uas muaj esters. Tom qab ntawd, yog li tau twb rho nrog uas muaj ntxhiab alcohols. Aromatic alcohols yog heev ze rau aliphatic alcohols: los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm alkali hlau alkoxides tsim; los ntawm oxidation, nyob ntawm seb tus qauv, nws yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau lub sib nug xov aldehydes los yog ketones; Nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus rau daim ntawv ethers thiab esters.

Lub cev thaj chaw ntawm alcohols

Tus thawj cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub homologous series ntawm acyclic alcohols - kua, thiab ntau dua alcohols - khib nyiab. Thawj homologs (methanol, ethanol, propanol) muaj ib tug tsis hnov tsw cawv, medium (isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol, pentanol, hexanol) - fusel roj, siab dua - tsis muaj tsw. Alcohols muaj lub siab kub taw tes, uas yog txuam nrog lub koom haum ntawm lub lwg me me los ntawm txoj kev hydrogen bonds. Feem ntau ntawm cov no thiab lwm physico-tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm alcohols txawv nrog ua molecular ceeb thawj.

Nws yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account lub fact tias cov kev hloov cawv los ntawm cov kua rau gaseous hauv lub xeev (ntawm boiling) lov cov hydrogen daim ntawv cog lus. Lub ultraviolet haum spectrum muaj ib tug qhab nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam 150-200 nm. X-ray thiab electron diffraction tau los mus txiav txim lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub nonlinear coupling C-C-N ntawm 110 ° 25 '. Raws li rau lub uas muaj ntxhiab alcohols, ces lawv tsiag ntawv los ntawm tib cov khoom li hais tias ntawm acyclic alcohols. Cov tebchaw no tsis zoo los yog tsis soluble nyob rau hauv dej, zoo - nyob rau hauv cov organic solvents. Lub ib kub npau npau taw tes ho ntau dua li cov coj arene. Lub haum band nyob rau hauv lub ultraviolet thiab infrared spectra zoo xws li cov aliphatic alcohols.

Tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm uas muaj ntxhiab alcohols

Cov tebchaw muaj ib yam tshuaj uas muaj zog raws li cov aliphatic alcohols. Lawv tsim alkoxides, ethers thiab esters, halogenated nyob rau sab saw, thiab thaum twg lub oxidation - ketones, aldehydes, thiab uas muaj ntxhiab acids. Ntxiv mus, cov alcohols yuav muaj zog arenes. Piv txwv li, tej zaum lawv yuav hnov mob benzenovogo nucleus - halogenation, nitration, sulfonation, thiab hydrogenation, etc.

Benzyl cawv - khoom, heev soluble nyob rau hauv ethanol, tsis zoo - nyob rau hauv dej, melts nyob rau hauv 15,3 ° C, boils ntawm 205,8 ° C. Npaj nws alkaline hydrolysis ntawm benzyl chloride los ntawm reacting benzaldehyde nrog formaldehyde nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm sodium hydroxide, ntawm ib co tseem ceeb roj thiab tej yam ntuj tso balms. Siv raws li tshuaj tsw qab, tsw xauv, lub kuab nyob rau hauv lub naj hoom kev lag luam.

Beta-phenylethyl cawv - khoom melts ntawm 27 ° C thiab boils ntawm 222 ° C, soluble nyob rau hauv ethanol. Muaj nyob rau hauv lub liab, clove tseem ceeb roj. Nws siv raws li uas muaj ntxhiab tshuaj, uas muaj tus ntxhiab tsw ntawm roses. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib yam khoom uas feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv lub naj hoom thiab khoom noj khoom haus industries.

Cinnamic cawv - khoom melts ntawm 33 ° C, nkag soluble nyob rau hauv ethanol. Nws muaj tsuas yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ethers nyob rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb roj, fragrant resins, balsams. Aromatic tshuaj nrog hyacinth tsw yog siv nyob rau hauv lub naj hoom kev lag luam, thiab raws li cov ntaub ntawv raw rau lub synthesis ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov odorous tshuaj.