Antitank phom loj PTSD (lossis Ximoos): yam ntxwv, loj

Antitank phom loj PTSD (lossis Ximoos) twb npaum li cas mus rau kev pab nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1941. Nws twb npaj mus tua nruab nrab thiab lub teeb tso tsheb hlau luam, aircraft thiab armored tsheb ntawm mus txog 500 meters. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov phom yuav tiv thaiv pillboxes, bunkers thiab tus yeeb ncuab tua cov ntsiab lus, them nrog armor los ntawm ib tug deb ntawm mus txog 800 meters. Shotgun tau ua si ib qho tseem ceeb heev luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub battlefield ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II. Cov tsab xov xwm yuav muab suav hais tias los ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm nws cov creation thiab daim ntawv thov thiab kev kawm ntawv tus yam ntxwv.

keeb kwm ntaub ntawv

Anti-tank phom loj (PTR) yog hu ua tus tes tuav riam phom uas yuav tiv taus cov armored tsheb ntawm tus yeeb ncuab. PTR kuj siv mus tua lub chaw tiv thaiv thiab tsis muaj-ya lub hom phaj. Tsaug rau cov haib patron thiab ib tug ntev lub cev, ib lub siab muzzle lub zog ntawm lub mos txwv, uas tso cai rau mus ntaus lub armor. PTR nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II twb tau mus txeem lub armor mus txog 30 mm tuab thiab yog ib tug zoo heev txoj kev mus tua tso tsheb hlau luam. Ib co ua qauv muaj lub siab loj thiab yog, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, me me-caliber rab phom.

Lub Germans thawj tsab PTR nyob ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub ntiaj teb ua ntej ua tsov ua rog. Tsis muaj efficiency lawv compensated siab muaj masking yooj yim thiab tsis muaj nqi. Ntiaj teb ua tsov ua rog II yog rau MFR tiag tiag high point, vim hais tias ntawm no hom ntawm riam phom uas huab hwm coj siv kiag li tag nrho ob tog rau qhov teeb meem.

Lub ob ntiaj teb rog yog tus thawj loj teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm noob neej, uas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas yuav ntog nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab txhais ntawm "kev tsov kev rog xyaw". Tso Tsheb Hlau Luam thiab lwm yam kev armored tsheb los ua lub hauv paus ntawm tej yam quab yuam. Qhov ntawd tank wedges tau los ua ib tug txiav txim tau nyob rau hauv qhov kev siv ntawm Nazi tactics "Blitzkrieg".

Tom qab lub disastrous xwb thaum pib ntawm tsov rog Soviet troops nyob rau hauv yuav tsum siv cov nyiaj mus tua tus yeeb ncuab armored tsheb. Lawv xav tau ib tug yooj yooj yim thiab agile cuab tam ntawd mas hnyav machine. Nws li tau los ua tus anti-tank rab phom. Nyob rau hauv 1941 tuaj mus rau kev pab cia li ob kuaj ntawm xws riam phom: ib rab phom Degtyarev thiab Simonov phom loj. Nrog PTRD pej xeem zoo dua paub. Tom contributed rau films thiab cov phau ntawv. Tab sis PTW-41 yog lub npe hu heev npaum li cas, thiab nws twb muab tsis nyob rau hauv xws tagnrho. Tsis tau detract los ntawm txoj hauj lwm zoo ntawm rab phom yuav tsis ncaj ncees.

Tus thawj los PTR siv

Nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union rau lub creation ntawm ib tug antitank phom loj koom ua hauj lwm nrog cov 40-ies ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg tham lwm qauv PTR tsim haib cartridge caliber 14.5 hli. Nyob rau hauv 1939, peb tej ob peb PTR kuaj ntawm Soviet engineers. Yeej ib tug yeej nyob rau hauv cov kev sib tw Rukavishnikova antitank phom loj system, tab sis ntau lawm twb tsis tau tsim muaj. Lub Soviet cov tub rog coj noj coj ua ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej armored tsheb yuav muaj kev tiv thaiv rau ntawm tsawg kawg yog 50 mm armor, thiab kev siv ntawm anti-tank phom yuav tsum tau tsim nyog.

Kev loj hlob ntawm PTSD

Cov assumption coj noj coj ua muaj pov thawj yuav tsum tau kiag li tsis ncaj ncees lawm: tag nrho cov hom ntawm armored tsheb siv los ntawm lub Wehrmacht thaum pib ntawm tsov rog, yuav tau ntaus nrog anti-tank phom, txawm tias thaum tua nyob rau hauv lub frontal projection. Lub Xya hli ntuj 8, 1941 cov tub rog coj noj coj ua txiav txim siab mus tsim kom muaj loj zus tau tej cov MFI. Rukavishnikova qauv paub tus complex thiab kim heev rau lub prevailing tej yam kev mob. ib tug tshiab kev sib tw los tsim ib tug haum MFR twb tshaj tawm, uas twb tau mus kawm los ntawm ob engineers: Vasily Degtyaryov thiab Sergei Simonov. Cia li 22 hnub tom qab lub designers hais ib tsab ntawm nws cov phom. Stalin nyiam ob kuaj, thiab tsis ntev lawv twb muab tso rau hauv loj ntau lawm.

exploitation

Twb tau nyob rau lub kaum hli ntuj 1941, anti-tank phom PTW (lossis Ximoos) nkag mus rau lub pab tub rog. Thaum tus thawj tus neeg mob ntawm kev siv, nws tau pom hais tias nws yuav zoo heev. Nyob rau hauv 1941, lub Nazis tsis muaj lub armor uas yuav mas qhov hluav taws kub Simonov phom. Cov riam phom yog heev yooj yim mus siv thiab tsis yuav tsum tau ib theem siab ntawm kev kawm fighters. Yooj yim sights cia cog qoob loo mus ntaus tus yeeb ncuab nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau seeb tej yam kev mob. Txawm li cas los, tsis muaj ib zaug hais ib cov tsis muaj zog ua rau zabronevoe 14.5-hli cartridge: ib co yeeb ncuab tsheb, hlua los ntawm MFI, muaj ntau tshaj ib tug teb qhov.

German generals tau pheej taw tes qhia efficiency PTW-41. Raws li lawv, cov Soviet anti-tank phom twb superior rau German counterparts considerably. Thaum lub Germans muaj kev tswj kom tau tuav ntawm PTSD raws li ib tug trophy, lawv yog kam siv lawv nyob rau hauv lawv sib cem.

Tom qab lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Stalingrad MFR nqi raws li cov thawj ntawm txoj kev sib ntaus los tso tsheb hlau luam pib kom txo tau. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kursk anti-tank riflemen tau pheej qhuas no ua tsov rog.

poob nyob rau hauv ntau lawm

Yog li ntawd yuav ua li cas rau tsim semi-automatic anti-tank phom loj Simonov system yog yooj yim dua thiab ntau kim tshaj qhov MFR Degtyareva, nws yog ua nyob rau hauv ntau pluas me. Los ntawm 1943, lub Germans pib ntxiv dag zog rau tej cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm nws cov khoom thiab cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm anti-tank phom pib ib tug ntse poob. Nyob rau qhov no hauv paus, lawv cov khoom pib tsis kam sharply, thiab tsis ntev nres zoo rau nws. Attempts mus upgrade koj cov phom thiab ua rau kom nws muaj tej cuab yeej tau ua los ntawm ntau yam feemxyuam designers nyob rau hauv lub 1942-1943 biennium., Tab sis lawv tag nrho cov ua tsis tau tejyam. Modifications los ntawm S. Rashkovo, S. Ermolaev, M. Blum thiab W. Sluhotskim zoo chob lub armor, tab sis twb tsawg mobile thiab loj tshaj li PTW thiab PTRD. Nyob rau hauv 1945, nws tau los ua heev kom meej hais tias raws li ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm combating tso tsheb hlau luam semi-automatic anti-tank phom tau sab sab nws tus kheej.

Nyob rau hauv lub xeem xyoo ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II, thaum mus tua tso tsheb hlau luam nrog MFI twb pointless, anti-tank riflemen pib siv lawv rau defeat armored tsheb, self-propelled artillery, ntev-phom emplacements thiab tsawg-ya lub hom phaj.

77 zaus ntawm PTSD tau ua nyob rau hauv 1941, thiab xyoo tom ntej -. 63,3 txhiab nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov los ntawm tus kawg ntawm lub ob ntiaj teb rog los ntawm cov conveyor nqis txog 190 000 phom. Ib txhia ntawm lawv twb siv nyob rau hauv lub Korean ua tsov ua rog.

siv nta

Nrog ib tug deb ntawm 100 meters antitank phom loj PTSD (lossis Ximoos) yuav ua txhaum los ntawm lub 50-hli armor, thiab los ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 300 meters - 40-hli. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, rab phom muaj ib tug zoo neeg. Tab sis nws muaj ib tug tsis muaj zog nqaij ntawd thiab - tsis muaj zabronevoe kev txiav txim. Yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, cov tub rog hu ua ib lub mos txwv tom qab cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm tej cuab yeej allergic. Tau nyob rau hauv lub tank thiab tshum nws nyob rau hauv feem ntau yog tsis txaus, nws yog tsim nyog los ntaus lub tank tsav tsheb los yog ib co tseem ceeb tshuab unit.

Ua hauj lwm efficiency thiab PRTS PTRD ho tsis, thaum lub Germans pib nce armor tiv thaiv ntawm nws cov khoom. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, ntaus nws nrog ib rab phom tau ua yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua. Ua li no, shooters yuav tsum tau ua hauj lwm rau ntawm ze ntau, uas yog tsis tshua muaj yooj yim nyob rau hauv thawj Piv txwv li los ntawm ib tug puas siab puas ntsws taw tes ntawm view. Thaum raug rho tawm haujlwm anti-tank phom loj nyob ib ncig ntawm nws seb puas tsimnyog tau plua plav muab tua txoj hauj lwm xub. Tus yeeb ncuab tshuab Gunners, snipers thiab infantry nrog tank, rau cov tub rog tau armed nrog PTRami, ib tug tiag tiag mus yos hav zoov. Feem ntau nws tshwm sim hais tias, tom qab thiaj tank offensive nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm armor-tho tuam txhab muaj tsis yog ib tug survivor fighter.

tsim

Tsis Siv Neeg phom muaj xws li ib nrab kev tshem tawm ntawm hmoov gases los ntawm lub thoob. Yuav kom tswj tau tus txheej txheem no, peb-txoj kev maub los ntsia, lub metering ntawm lub gases tawm mus rau lub piston, nyob ntawm seb tus mob ntawm kev siv. bore xauv vim Skew shutter. Ncaj qha roj piston nyob saum toj no chim.

Lub txhais mechanism tso cai tua xwb ib txhaj tshuaj. Thaum lub cartridges khiav tawm, cov shutter tseem qhib. Tus tsim siv ib tug pas ntaus fuse.

Lub cev muaj yim txoj cai-laug rifling thiab yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug muzzle nres. Vim tus nres-compensator tshuam txo phom recoil. Taub qab phaj yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug poob siab absorber (tog hauv ncoo). Nyob Ruaj Ruaj khw muaj ib tug hinged hau thiab lub qis caj npab feeder. Them yog ua los ntawm lub hauv qab los ntawm ib tug hlau tawg ntawm tsib cartridges stacked nyob rau hauv ib tug staggered yam. Rau ntawm cov bundles mus ua kom tiav nrog PTSD. Kev ntsuas pib ntawm ib rab phom tua ib tug siab ntau yam ntawm kev hu rau ntawm 800 meters. Raws li sighting pab kiag li lawm twb siv ib qhib sights sector hom ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub chav 100-1500 meters. Rab phom uas tsim lub Sergey Simonov, yog structurally ntau thiab hnyav zog dua rab phom Degtyarev, tab sis nws yeej nyob rau tus nqi ntawm 5 txhaj tshuaj ib feeb.

PTSD twb tau txais kev pab los ntawm ib tug neeg coob ntawm ob tug txiv neej. Nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua los nqa cov phom yuav yog ib tug neeg coob los yog ob tug. Kov kev mus los rau fastened nyob rau hauv lub taub qab thiab chim. Nyob rau hauv lub stowed txoj hauj lwm MFR yuav rhuav rau hauv ob qhov chaw: receiver nrog Tshuag thiab chim nrog bipod.

Nyob rau hauv PTSD tsim gauge cartridge uas yuav txawm peem rau nrog ob hom mos txwv :

1. B-32. Tej yam yooj yim armor-tho caws nplaum mos txwv nrog tempered steel tub ntxhais.
2. BS-41. Sib txawv ntawm cov B-32 hlau-tej hub cov tub ntxhais.

PTW: Specifications

Ntsiab lus tag nrho cov saum toj no, peb muaj lub ntsiab yam ntxwv ntawm rab phom:

1. Caliber - 14.5 hli.
2. Nyhav - 20,9 kg.
3. Length - 2108 hli.
4. Rate - 15 rounds ib feeb.
5. mos txwv ceev los ntawm lub qhov zis los ntawm lub thoob - 1012 m / s.
6. Mos txwv hnyav - '64
7. Muzzle zog - 3320 kgm.
8. Armor-tho: 100 m - 50 mm, 300 m - 40 mm.

xaus

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov anti-tank phom PTW (lossis Ximoos) muaj ib co shortcomings, Soviet cov tub rog hlub tej riam phom, thiab cov yeeb ncuab - ntshai tsam. Nws yog teeb meem-dawb, tsawg-txij nkawm, mas maneuverable thiab heev npaum. Raws li nws ua hauj lwm zoo thiab kev sib ntaus los tus yam ntxwv semi-automatic anti-tank phom loj Simonov tshaj tag nrho cov txawv teb chaws analogues. Tab sis feem ntau cov tseem ceeb - nws yog ib qhov hom riam phom pab cov Soviet troops kom kov yeej lub thiaj li hu ua tankoboyazn.