Antimicrobial tshuaj: ib tug txheej txheem cej luam, daim ntawv thov thiab cov tswv yim. Qhov zoo tshaj antimicrobial neeg sawv cev

Cov tshuaj siv los kho ntau yam kab mob. Thiab kuj yuav tiv thaiv tau lawv. Tshuaj npaj los ntawm zaub raw cov ntaub ntawv, cov zaub mov, tshuaj, thiab thiaj li nyob. D. Mixtura, hmoov, ntsiav tshuaj, tsiav tshuaj muab nyob rau hauv nruj me ntsis txhais koob tshuaj. Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm peb yuav kub siab rau antimicrobial tshuaj.

Yuav ua li cas yog antimicrobials?

Lub keeb kwm ntawm antimicrobials pib nrog lub foundations ntawm penicillin. Nws ntse fights tus kab mob no. Nyob rau qhov no vim, zaum pib tsim antimicrobials los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso los yog hluavtaws tebchaw. Tej tshuaj muaj xws li nyob rau hauv lub "tshuaj tua kab mob" pab pawg neeg. Lub antimicrobial neeg sawv cev, tsis zoo li lwm tus, tua kab mob ntau sai sai thiab nraaj. Lawv siv tiv thaiv ntau yam fungi, staphylococci thiab t. D.

Antimicrobials - cov coob pab pawg neeg ntawm cov tshuaj. Dua li ntawm qhov sib txawv tshuaj qauv thiab mechanism ntawm qhov kev txiav txim, lawv muab ib tug xov tooj ntawm tej khoom. Tua "kab" nyob rau hauv lub hlwb, tsis ntaub so ntswg. Kev ua ntawm tshuaj tua kab mob txo nrog lub sij hawm, vim hais tias zoo li cov kab mob pib tsim muaj yees.

Hom antimicrobial cov neeg ua hauj

Antimicrobial tshuaj muab faib ua peb pab. Thawj - qhov no yog tej yam ntuj tso (d tshuaj ntsuab, zib ntab, etc ...).

Ob - semisynthetic. Lawv muab faib ua peb yam:

• Antistaphylococcal penicillins (oxacillin). Lawv muaj tib lub antibacterial spectrum raws li penicillin, tab sis, nrog lesser kev ua si. Thov rau cov neeg laus thiab cov me nyuam.
• Broad-spectrum tshuaj. Cov no muaj xws "Ampicillin" sawv Gram-tsis zoo kab mob (tus kab mob salmonella, thiab lwm yam D.). Rau streptococcal nws yog tsawg kom nquag plias. Kiag li tsis ntxim rau ib co lwm yam kab mob (Klebsiella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , thiab hais txog. D.). "Amoxicillin" kuj siv tau rau ob hom. Nws yog tus ua qhov ncauj tshuaj tua kab mob nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Ob leeg ntawm lub [tshuaj yuav muab rau cov neeg laus thiab cov me nyuam.
• Pseudomonas penicillins. Muaj ob subspecies - carboxy thiab ureidopenitsilliny.

Peb - hluavtaws antimicrobials. Qhov no yog ib tug loj pawg ntawm cov tshuaj.

Sulfonamides. Tshuaj ntawm no pab pawg neeg taw, yog hais tias muaj yog intolerance rau tshuaj tua kab mob los yog microflora rau lawv tsis teb. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim uas lawv muaj ntau yam kom nquag plias tshaj sulfonamides tshuaj. Cov muaj xws li:

• "Streptocide".
• "Norsulfazol".
• "Sulfadimezin".
• "Urosulfan".
• "Ftalazol".
• "Sulfadimetoksin".
• "Bactrim".

Quinolone derivatives. Yeej, qhov no pab pawg neeg ntawm cov tshuaj siv rau kab mob ntawm lub genitourinary system, enterocolitis, cholecystitis, thiab lwm yam, nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los ntau thiab ntau ntau zaus siv tshiab quinolone derivatives ..:

• "Ciprofloxacin".
• "Norfloxacin".
• "Pefloksatsina".
• "Lomefloxacin".
• "Moxifloxacin".
• "Ofloxacin".

Nws yog ib co antimicrobial agents muaj ib tug dav spectrum ntawm kev txiav txim. Lawv yog cov tsawg active tiv thaiv kab-zoo kab mob. Lub antimicrobial neeg sawv cev kws kho rau tus kab mob ntawm cov pa thiab mob txeeb zig, gastro-plab hnyuv ib ntsuj av.

Muaj kuj yog ib tug thib peb pab pawg neeg ntawm derivatives ntawm 8-hydroxyquinoline. Cov no muaj xws ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov tebchaw uas muaj noj, anti-cab thiab anti-bacterial kev ua si ( "Nitroxoline", "Meksaform", thiab lwm yam). Derivatives "nitrofurans" ( "furazolidone" thiab "Furatsilinom") thiab "nitroimidazole" ( "Tinidazole" thiab "Metronidazole").

Yuav ua li cas ua antimicrobials?

Antiinfectives muaj ob hom ntawm (nyob rau los):

• "Tsidny" (kab mob, fungicides, los yog viri- protozia-). Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no kev puas tsuaj rau lub kab neeg sawv cev.
• "Zoo li qub" (nrog rau cov tib tsiaj ntawv ua pib). Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tsuas yog yuav raug rho tawm los yog tshem tawm yav npaug.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ua txhaum ntawm kev tiv thaiv tsa "tsidnye" tshuaj. Thiab tshuaj tua kab mob yuav tsum tau hloov tsis tseg los yog siv nrog lwm yam tshuaj.

Antimicrobials yuav muaj ib tug nqaim los yog ib tug ntau yam ntawm kev ua. Feem ntau tus mob no tshwm sim los ntawm ib tug tib pathogen. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tus "breadth" ntawm cov tshuaj yuav tsis tsuas yog yuav tsis tshua zoo, tab sis kuj muaj teeb meem rau cov pab microflora ntawm tus kab mob. Yog li ntawd, cov kws kho mob muab tshuaj tua kab mob rau "nqaim" spectrum ntawm kev txiav txim.

antimicrobials

Anti-inflammatory thiab anti-microbial ua hauj lawm yog muab faib ua peb pawg. Main - yog tshuaj tua kab mob. Lawv muab faib ua 11 lub ntsiab hom:

• Beta-lactam. Muaj peb pab neeg: A (penicillins) thiab B (cephalosporins) thiab B (carbapenems). Qhov no broad-spectrum tshuaj nrog bacteriostatic nyhuv. Thaiv cov hlab protein microbes, tsis muaj zog lawv tiv thaiv.
• Cov tshuaj tetracyclines. Bacteriostatic, lub ntsiab txiav txim - inhibition ntawm microbial protein synthesis. Tej zaum lawv yuav nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj, tshuaj pleev ( "oletetrin", "tetracycline hydrochloride") los yog tshuaj ( "Doxycycline").
• Macrolides. Txhaum lub meej mom ntawm daim nyias nyias los ntawm kev hu cov rog.
• Aminoglycosides. Muaj bactericidal kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv kev ua txhaum uas muaj protein ntau synthesis.
• Fluoroquinolones. Muaj bactericidal nyhuv, inhibit kab mob enzymes. Txhob cuam tshuam txog DNA synthesis microbes.
• Lincosamides. Bacteriostats txuas Cheebtsam microbial membrane.
• "Chloramphenicol". Txwv tsis pub - "chloramphenicol". Nws muaj ib tug high toxicity rau lub hlwb pob txha thiab cov ntshav. Yog li ntawd advantageously thov topically (raws li ib tug tshuaj pleev).
• "Polymyxin" (M thiab B). Tsab cai xaiv nyob rau hauv gram-tsis zoo muaj.
• TB. Mas siv tau tawm tsam mycobacteria, tab sis zoo rau ib tug dav spectrum. Tab sis cov tshuaj tsuas tuberculosis yog kho txij li thaum lawv pom tau hais tias yuav redundant ( "Rifampicin", "cov tshuaj INH").
• Sulfonamides. Lawv muaj ntau yam kev phiv, li ntawd, yog tsis siv niaj hnub no.
• Nitrofurans. Bacteriostats, tab sis thaum muaj kev kub concentration - bactericides. Siv mas nyob rau hauv kab mob: plab hnyuv ( "furazolidone" "nifuroxazide" "Enterofuril") thiab mob txeeb zig ( "FURAMAG" "furadonin").

Qhov thib ob pab pawg neeg - bacteriophages. Lawv raug raws li lub ntsiab rau cov tshuaj pleev los yog qhov ncauj (yaug, ntxuav, muab tshuaj pleev). Kev siv cov antimicrobial cov neeg ua hauj siv nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg no thiab nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob dysbacteriosis los yog tsis haum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv tshuaj tua kab mob.

Qhov thib peb pab pawg neeg - antiseptic. Lawv yog siv rau cov kab mob li cas (lub qhov txhab kho mob, lub qhov ncauj thiab daim tawv nqaij).

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws antimicrobial

"Sulfamethoxazole" - qhov no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws antimicrobial neeg sawv cev. Nws muaj ib tug ntau spectrum ntawm kev txiav txim. "Sulfamethoxazole" yog active tiv thaiv ntau microorganisms. Nws blocks lub metabolism ntawm cov kab mob thiab tiv thaiv lawv cov tu tub tu kiv thiab kev loj hlob. "Sulfamethoxazole" - ib tug ua ke ntawm antimicrobials. Nws yog npaj rau cov kev kho mob ntawm:

• urinary kab mob (cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis, pielita, pyelonephritis, gonorrhea thiab lwm yam kab mob);
• mob thiab ntev bronchitis;
• ua pa ib ntsuj av tau;
• hnyuv kab mob (raws plab, kab mob cholera, paratyphoid kub taub hau, shigellosis, typhoid kub taub hau, cholecystitis, Gastroenteritis, cholangitis);
• ENT-kabmob;
• mob ntsws muaj dej;
• pob txuv;
• ntsib;
• boils;
• mob mob;
• nqaij mos paug;
• otitis xov xwm;
• laryngitis;
• meningitis;
• malaria;
• brucellosis;
• sinusitis;
• hlwb rwj;
• osteomyelitis;
• Septicemia;
• toxoplasmosis;
• South American blastomycosis;
• thiab ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm yam kab mob.

Txoj kev siv "SMZ" uas nws kim heev, tab sis yuav tsum sab laj nrog ib tug kws kho mob, zoo li tag nrho cov tshuaj, nws muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm contraindications thiab kev phiv. Nws yog tsim nyog los saib xyuas nws cov concentration nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntshav.

Cov me nyuam antimicrobials

Antimicrobial tshuaj rau cov me nyuam yog xaiv kom zoo zoo, raws li tus kab mob no. Tsis tag nrho cov tshuaj yog tau kev pom zoo rau kev kho mob ntawm cov me nyuam.

Group antimicrobial agents muaj ob hom ntawm cov tshuaj:

• Nitrofuranovye ( "furazolidone", "Furatsilinom", "furadonin"). Lawv zoo inhibit kab mob (Streptococcus, Staphylococcus thiab cov zoo li. D.) Thiab activates lub cev. Siv los kho mob txeeb zig thiab plab hnyuv. Zoo rau cov me nyuam uas ua xua. Ib txhij nrog tshuaj thiab lwm yam koomhaum ascorbic acid.
• Hydroxyquinoline ( "intestopan", "negro", "enteroseptol", "Nitroxoline"). Cov tshuaj tua microbes los ntawm inhibiting lawv tseem ceeb heev functions (pathogens mob plab, dysentery, typhoid fever thiab thiaj li nyob. D.). Siv rau plab hnyuv kab mob. "Nitroxoline" - nrog mob txeeb zig.

Nws yog siv thiab ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm yam anti-inflammatory siv tshuaj. Tab sis lawv xaiv nyob rau tus me nyuam tus mob. Feem ntau cov feem ntau siv penicillin pab pawg neeg. Piv txwv li, rau mob caj pas thiab lwm yam kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm tus kab mob Streptococcus "A" no kuj siv penicillins «G» thiab «V».

Ntuj tshuaj cov kws kho nyob rau hauv syphilis, qhov kab mob meningococcal, Listeriosis, neonatal kab mob (uas yog hu ua tus kab mob Streptococcus "B"). Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, kev kho mob yog muab ib lub zuj zus, noj mus rau hauv tus account lub tolerability.

Cov me nyuam anti-inflammatory siv tshuaj

Nyob rau hauv Pediatrics faib 3 lub ntsiab pawg ntawm anti-inflammatory siv tshuaj :

• Influenza ( "oxoline", "Alguire"). "Rimantadine" tsis dhau tus kab mob no mus rau lub hlwb. Tab sis ib tug neeg uas yog twb nyob rau hauv lub cev, yuav tsis cuam tshuam tej. Yog li ntawd, cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau noj nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm thaum ntxov nrog tus kab mob no. Thiab nws yog siv rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm encephalitis (tom qab tus zuam tom).
• Antiherpethetical ( "Zovirax", "Acyclovir").
• Broad-spectrum ( "gamma globulin"). Dibazol nkoos lub cev, tiam sis maj mam. Yog li ntawd, mas siv rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev mob ua npaws. "Interferon" - ib tug endogenous tshuaj uas yog ua nyob rau hauv lub cev. Nws activates antiviral protein. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nws yuav tsub kom lub cev ua hauj kab mob. "Interferon" tiv thaiv ntau kis kab mob thiab lawv cov teeb meem.

Antimicrobial thiab anti-inflammatory ntuj txhais tau tias

Ntsiav tshuaj, kev daws teeb meem, hmoov yeej tsis raug siv tam sim ntawd. Yog hais tias nws yog tau siv ib tug antimicrobial neeg sawv cev, uas muab qhov, tej zaum nws tsis tau rau tag nrho cov ua ntej muab tshuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd muaj ntau yam tshuaj ntsuab, infusions thiab decoctions yuav tshem tawm inflammatory dab. Daim ntawv:

• npaj raws li qab zib, rosemary, Alder, ntoo thuv buds;
• aqueous cia ntawm ntoo qhib tawv;
• Infusions ntawm oregano;
• St John lub wort;
• Hyssop officinalis ;
• burnet;
• mountaineer nab;
• Juniper txiv hmab txiv ntoo;
• thyme;
• qij;
• sage yoojyim.

Kuv tus kheej-medicate siv antimicrobials?

Tsis muaj ib tug kws kho mob tshuaj siv antimicrobials txwv tsis pub rau nws tus kheej-tshuaj. Tsis ncaj ncees lawm kev xaiv ntawm cov tshuaj yuav ua tau kom tsis haum los yog ib qho kev nce ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm microbes uas yog tsis rhiab mus rau yeeb tshuaj. Tej zaum yuav muaj ib tug goiter. Tseem muaj sia nyob microbes yuav ua tau mob tus kab mob, thiab cov kev tshwm sim - lub tsos ntawm lub cev kab mob.