Ancient Russia: Ris tsho. Ris tsho nyob rau hauv Russia: cov poj niam, cov txiv neej, cov me nyuam

Historians tsis tau pom zoo yuav ua li cas mus nrhiav Lavxias teb sab Slavonic era khaub ncaws, raws li nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm cov pab pawg neeg nyob mas deb ntawm cov lag luam tawm tseem khiav, feem ntau nyob rau hauv hav zoov struts thiab kev rho tawm. Txawm li cas los, muaj tswv yim hais tias cov khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv cov hnub twb yooj yooj yim thiab es monotonous. Cov yav tas yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias lub tsev lag luam fabrics yog nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm heev lub sij hawm-siv, raws li muaj zoo tsis muaj kev txhais tau tias rau qhov siv thiab ua wardrobe khoom.

Hais txog ancient cov khaub ncaws tseem me ntsis ntaub ntawv

Public kev kawm ntawv Ancient Rus pejxeem khaub ncaws uas yog ua ntau ntau haiv neeg raws li deb li deb kev sib cuag nrog lwm tus neeg, pib coj zoo lawm nyob rau hauv lub cuaj pua AD. Qhov no ua ntej lub sij hawm, cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov tsos ntawm cov Slavs tsawg heev raws li lub wardrobe khoom nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm twb ua los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso cov ntaub ntawv, organic seem uas tsis khaws cia rau ib ntev lub sij hawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, nco ntsoov tias nyob rau hauv lub 6-9 xyoo pua AD nyob rau Slav yog cov kev cai mus hlawv lub cev ua ntej kev faus, thiaj li nyob rau hauv cemeteries yog lom zem ntau remnants ntawm melted hlau ornaments los yog cov khoom ntawm cov khaub ncaws. Archaeologists muaj hmoo xwb ib ob peb lub sij hawm thaum lawv, piv txwv li, thaum lub sij hawm excavations nyob rau hauv lub qub Ladoga pom qhov seem ntawm daim tawv nqaij uas yuav restore qhov zoo ntawm cov hnab looj tes thiab cov zoo li khau looj plab hlaub, vuam txwv ntev, hnav los ntawm peb pog koob yawg koob.

Lub sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv tib lub ris

Nyob rau hauv txawv teb chaws sau qhov chaw kom txog rau thaum lub xyoo pua 10 AD, muaj yog tsis muaj mention ntawm yuav ua li cas mus nrhiav Slavic thiab Lavxias teb sab khaub ncaws. Qhov no yog tsis sau los yog Byzantine sau phau ntawv, los yog cov Arab qhov chaw. Tsuas yog P. Kesarsky hais nyob rau hauv lub thib rau lub xyoo pua tias cov Slavs (los ntawm lub Balkans) mus rau sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv tib style ris zog, tsis muaj cloak los yog tunic sab saum toj. Tom qab ntawd, thaum lub Slavs pom ib tug tshiab variant ntawm sau ntawv, tus zaum nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm sau qhov chaw muaj lub sij hawm los mus txiav txim yuav ua li cas zoo saib uas lub sij hawm neeg, yam tsawg kawg hauv lub feem ntau eminent ntawm lawv.

Kav cov vaj ntxwv coj qhws ib lub tsho

Yuav ua li cas yog cov nyob rau hauv uas nws tswj yog lub ancient Rus? Ris tsho tub huabtais Svyatoslav Yaroslavovych qhia nyob rau hauv cov duab nyob rau hauv Izbornik 1073, muaj ib tug yooj yim txiav. Nws yog ib tug ntev, hauv qab no lub hauv caug, ib lub tsho, uas draped hla saum lub tsho tiv no nrog ib tug swb rau lub xub pwg. Nyob rau hauv lub taub hau ntawm tus tub huabtais lub kaus mom, txawm nrog plaub nws luas rau ob txhais ceg zuag khau looj plab hlaub. Cov tswv cuab ntawm nws tsev neeg, sawv nyob ze, hnav ib lub tsho khi nrog koj cov menyuam. Tus poj niam Svyatoslav tsho yuav luag mus rau hauv pem teb, nws lub taub hau txoj phuam. Cov me nyuam cov khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam me me yog ib tug tej yam me me daim ntawv luam ntawm cov neeg laus. Yaroslav cov tub coj qhws kev zoo sib thooj tsho tiv no nrog collars thiab, feem ntau yuav, nyob rau hauv lub thiaj li hu ua "ports" - es nqaim ris nrog cov hlua rau lub duav. Wardrobe khoom nyob rau hauv cov duab yog xim nyob rau hauv ib tug reddish-xim av xim.

Ris tsho tau ua rau ib tug ntos

Kws txawj hais tias lub teeb khaub ncaws Kiev Rus nyob rau hauv nws loj yog dawb, txij thaum prehistoric lub sij hawm Slavic wardrobe khoom ua los ntawm flax thiab hemp fibers uas tau muab dawb (grayish los yog thaum tsis txaus tshuaj dawb tso). Twb tau nyob rau hauv lub 6-9 centuries cov pab pawg neeg ntawm sab qaum teb Russia paub dab tsi lub ntos ntsug hom, thiab nyob rau hauv sab qab teb pom yam khoom teej tug mus rau cov muaj hnub nyoog 9-10, uas ua tim khawv txog ib lub sij hawm mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug kab rov tav ntos.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus linen thiab hemp fabrics, Slavs nquag siv thiab wool, qhov seem uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub burial mounds ntawm sab hnub tuaj. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, vim lub climatic yam ntxwv ntawm lub loj loj tej chaw enjoyed plaub khaub ncaws. Tailors ntawm lub sij hawm twb muaj lub peev xwm mus ntxiv ua ke ntau tawv rau tej yam uas loj. Yuav kom "tsho tiv no" tus hma tawv twb feem ntau, bears, yaj, thiab finishing (hauv ob sab phlu) raug ua los ntawm sable, ntshuab, tus ntshuab, nas, weasel, marten. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, nyob rau hauv kim furs taug kev xwb mej zeej ntawm lub nom tswv cajceg. Nyob rau hauv Russia, lawv kuj muaj peev xwm los mus daws cov tsiaj thiab daim tawv nqaij (tanning tsob nroj hais, etc ..), li ntawd, cov txiv neej cov khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv Russia muaj lub ncej puab koj cov menyuam, cov hnab looj tes thiab tawv nkawm khau (rau ib co mej zeej ntawm cov pejxeem). Slavs feem ntau coj qhws tawv los ntawm lub hides ntawm nyuj los yog tshis tshaj los ntawm nees hides.

Txawm nyob rau hauv huab cua txias yog yuav hnav khau khiab

Yuav ua li cas twb tau shod Ancient Rus? Khaub ncaws ua los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso cov ntaub ntawv, feem ntau ntawm cov pejxeem ntawm no nyob rau hauv lub txias rau lub caij ... supplemented bast nkawm khau thiab windings ntawm ob txhais ceg, uas yog cov hiob hom khau (nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov yog yuav mus barefoot). Tshwj xeeb hooks rau tom hlab bast archaeologists nrhiav lwm Neolithic qhov chaw, li ntawd, feem ntau yuav, cov qauv nyob rau hauv lub Slavs thiab lub ancient Slavs. Lapti kev qhia raws li yuav tsum los ntawm cov tawv ntoo ntawm ntau yam ntoo thiab heev neiznosostoykimi. Thaum ib tug tom qab lub sij hawm, nws twb pom hais tias cov txiv neej ris khau khiab nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no rau kaum hnub, thiab thaum lub sij hawm lub caij ntuj sov sau rau lub caij - tsawg tshaj li ib lub lim tiam. Cuaj kaum, nyob rau hauv xws khau marched txawm lub Red Army nyob rau hauv lub 30s ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, thiab lub workpiece bast tub rog lub hom phiaj daws los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb pawg - "Chekvolap".

Nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev - tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Slavic khaub ncaws!

Slavs, uas yog inhabited los ntawm ancient Russia (khaub ncaws thiab nkawm khau uas tsis txawv ib tug zoo ntau yam), tsis tau muaj kev sib fwm ntawm nws yooj yim wardrobe. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv "Txojlus Danily Zatochnika" hais tias "nws yuav zoo dua peb tau pom nws ko taw nyob rau hauv lychenitse (bast) nyob rau hauv koj lub tsev tshaj nyob rau hauv ib tug maub liab plab hlaub rau Boyarsky Dvor". Thiab tus thawj coj ntawm lub Czech Slavs nws tus kheej lub npe hu tseeb hais tias tsis cia rau nws nyob rau hauv lub txais tos tom qab tus German King Dagobert, kom txog thaum nws hloov mus rau hauv Slavic khaub ncaws. Cov tib txoj hmoo befell tus npis sov tus neeg sawv cev, German Gerimanna hais tias ua ntej mus xyuas lub tuam tsev nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Triglav bristle, tau hloov mus rau hauv Slavic cloak thiab lub kaus mom (1124 BC. E.).

Cov poj niam tau yeej ib txwm hlub hniav nyiaj hniav kub

Hais txog uas ntsia zoo li cov poj niam cov khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv Russia thaum pib ntawm yug me nyuam ntawm Lavxias teb sab statehood, archaeologists pom tau tias nws nyuaj rau hais. Nws yog xav hais tias ib style nws tsis yog sib txawv heev los ntawm cov txiv neej lub tsho, tab sis twb saib tsam ntau richly embroidered thiab ntev. Nyob rau hauv lub taub hau poj niam prototypes ntawm corbel, sab nqaij daim tawv rings rau lub caj dab - feem ntau xiav los yog ntsuab iav hlaws dai. Tsawg ntau yog bracelets, ib ncig. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, tej coj qhws plaub tsho tiv no thiab capes nrog cov hlua, xws li aprons - "ponyavy" uas muaj kev tiv thaiv cov sab lub cev rov qab thiab sab. Lawv muaj sau nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 11th AD.

Cawv ntawm lwm lub xeev

Raws li cov kev tsim cov neeg ntawm lwm lub teb chaws thiab lub xeev ntawm cov Ancient Rus, lub Slavs khaub ncaws los ua ntau ntau haiv neeg nrog tshiab fabrics, yeej ntawm kev kos thiab lub division ntawm haiv neeg mus rau txawv khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv pre-Mongolian Russia (hnub nyoog 10-13) Tsos Lavxias teb sab paub ntau Byzantine corresponded nrog lawv ntev sawv ntws tsho, tsho tiv no nrog clasps. Thiab cov neeg, nyob rau hauv particular cov poj niam, cov tiam sis tseem ceeb "sev" - ib tug yooj yim daim ntawm daim ntaub, daim ntau quav tso nyob rau hauv ib nrab, nrog ib lub qhov rau hauv lub taub hau, uas nws muab tso rau qhov yooj yim lub tsho thiab sia (lub sab nqaws ntawm qhov sev yog tsis). Nyob rau cov hnub caiv cov poj niam twb "navershniki" embroidered ntaub, uas sev yog hnav tshaj lub tsho los yog tunics thiab sawv cev yam tsis muaj ib tug siv nrog thoob plaws tes tsho. Yuav luag tag nrho cov khaub ncaws ntawm lub Kievan Rus twb hnav tshaj lub taub hau thiab tau nws tus kheej dab tshos (cuav).

Ris tsho Mongol warriors

Tatar-Mongol ntxeem tau tshuav ib tug tej yam qiv nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas kab lis kev cai, uas pab cov kev zoo li cas yog cov khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no xyoo pua. Muaj ntau cov khoom wardrobe Mongolian tub rog tau ces nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab txiv neej, xws li khau looj plab hlaub nrog felt vuam txwv ntev nrog earflaps lub kaus mom, tsho tiv no ntawm ob khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm pluab (sab nraud thiab sab hauv), bloomers lub tsho tiv no, skullcap (tafi), sashes, koj cov menyuam thiab lwm tus neeg.

Lub sib txawv khaub ncaws los ntawm cov khaub ncaws Moscow Rus Kievan Rus?

Ris tsho ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th thaum lub Tatar-Mongol quab twb overthrown, thiab Russia los ua lub Moscow nqi zog, nws tau hloov nyob rau hauv raws li lub hnub nyoog, tab sis mas rau lub boyars, ua nom ua tswv thiab townspeople. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no, lub ce khaws cov ntxwv yooj yim ntawm ib tug nplua ntawm Kievan Rus - tsho thiab ports rau cov txiv neej neotreznoy txiav wardrobe khoom, txiav txim siab ntev, tab sis muaj cov cim qhia ntawm tshiab zam. Cov no muaj xws, nyob rau hauv particular, yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi mus rau lub xub ntiag ntawm cloakrooms viav vias khaub ncaws. Nyob rau hauv cov poj niam, nws unzips rau hauv qab rau cov txiv neej - los ntawm lub duav rov sauv mus thiab nkag rau thawj lub sij hawm qawm qho "taub qab" los ntawm txoj kev uas lub pob khawm pins. Tom qab ntawd nws tsim mus kom ze txoj cai los ntawm lub sab saum toj pem teb mus rau sab laug, tshuav rau lub yooj yim ntawm xws fasteners rau cov txiv neej saber battles.

Fake tes tsho thiab paj ntaub nyob rau hauv kub

Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub sij hawm no, muaj cov uas tsis yog-haumxeeb ntsiab nyob rau hauv cov ris tsho cov nom tswv cajceg. Cov no muaj xws multi-ncej folding collars thiab tsho, uas, piv txwv li nyob rau hauv ohabne, khi nyob rau tom qab, txog qhov tseeb hais tias tus tswv ntawm cov khaub ncaws yog tsis koom nyob rau hauv hnyav zog. Rich neeg yuav coj ib tug ob peb khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov khaub ncaws, txawm nyob rau hauv lub kub lub caij. Nyob rau tib lub wardrobe khoom muaj feem ntau kiag li fastened mus rau lub kaw. Cov yav tas coj mus rau lub fact tias cov khaub ncaws yog ib tug ntau ntawm cov khoom ntawm hniav nyiaj hniav kub theem, xws li cov kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm pearls, precious pob zeb, embroidered nrog kub thiab nyiaj hlau, nyees khawm ua los ntawm kub, nyiaj, enamel thiab precious pob zeb.

Nws yog Lavxias teb sab wardrobe ntawm lub sij hawm thiab cov khoom uas yuav hais txog ib co los yog lwm yam khoom ntawm lub puab. Cov no muaj xws duav lub hnab hnab ( "Kalita"), uas cov tub rog nyob rau lub duav rov sauv nrog ib tug slim daim duab thiab boyars - nyob rau lub duav nrog ib tug tseem ceeb sib tshooj ntawm cov khaub ncaws, vim hais tias cov fullness ntawm no ib puag ncig muaj nuj nqis heev raws li ib tug kos npe rau ntawm daim ntawv qhia txog lub neej.

Ntsia zoo li cov me nyuam coj lub sij hawm, lub Moscow Russia - yog tsis paub. Feem ntau cov yuav, nws yog dua ib tug yooj yim zog daim qauv ntawm cov neeg laus cov qauv. Tab sis tej 'kev zam ntawm lub sij hawm kuaj tau tshwm sim muaj ntau yam kev ntxias los tsim kev zoo nkauj masterpieces (Korovin, Repin, Surikov). Hauv plawv ntawm tag nrho cov wardrobe dua nteg ib lub tsho, ncua downwards vim lub wedges (dav yuav mus txog hauv qab kom txog li 6 meters!). Nws raug ua los ntawm paj rwb los yog txhob lo lo ntxhuav ntaub (neeg zoo tib yam - dua los ntawm flax) thiab sau los ntawm lub caj dab.

Fashionable ce ... uas nyob rau hauv 15 kilograms

Nyob rau lub tsho twb hnav sundress Brightcloth embroidered fabrics nrog ntsug stripe nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, uas yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub vos feem ntau khi nrog txoj hlua khov thiab nyob rau hauv lub mis. Sab saum toj cov poj niam cov khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th, Russia twb sawv cev los ntawm "dushegreya" ntawm cov yeeb yuj fabrics uas tseem nyob rau lub xub pwg nyom straps. Nyob rau hauv lub hnub ntawm lub Moscow Russia tej txuas ntxiv mus hnav qub khaub ncaws ntsiab -. Tiab, sev, sev, thiab lwm yam neeg sawv cev ntawm tus muaj nyiaj tsev neeg coj qhws "Letnik", feem ntau nrog rau ib tug tus ntshuab dab tshos saw caj dab, telogreyu plaub. Los ntawm cov kaus mom chaw enjoyed "kick" - them nrog ib daim ntaub qhwv thiab kokoshnik, nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no - cap nrog trim. noblewoman khaub ncaws twb yuav luag ib txwm nepritalennymi sewn los ntawm kim fabrics nrog rau ntau cov embroideries, thiab lawv cov luj yuav ncav cuag li 15 kilograms. Nyob rau hauv no cov khawb ncaws poj niam yog ib tug zoo li qub, raws li, tej monumental daim duab, uas sib raug mus rau lub zam thiab kev cai ntawm kev coj cwj pwm ntawm lub sij hawm.

Xyoo pua 17th khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv kev yog zoo li cov khaub ncaws ntawm yav dhau los centuries, tab sis, muaj ib co tshiab Cheebtsam. Cov no muaj xws nkag mus rau hauv Vogue dav tsho, puckered ntawm lub dab teg rau cov poj niam lub attire, coob leej ntau tus shushunov - sundresses, uas tus rear sewn fake ob tug ntev tes tsho. Historians tau sau tseg tias txij li thaum lub xyoo pua 17th tuaj lub zam rau kho kom zoo nkauj sawb taw tiab sundress thiab nws lub disappearance ntawm lub hauv pem hauv ntej daim ntaub. Txawv teb chaws zam Rus thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no muaj kev txhawj xeeb me ntsis chaw enjoyed tsuas tshiab fabrics thiab ib tug neeg hais, xws li lub Polish lub tsho tiv no. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias Lavxias teb sab haiv neeg yog pheej tawm tsam cov kev taw qhia ntawm Peter lub Great nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 18th xyoo pua, "German" zam, raws li npaj outfits, hairstyles thiab lifestyles tsis muaj raws li lub centuries-laus txoj kev thiab tiam sis nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab khaub ncaws.