American engineer thiab inventor Robert Fulton: biography, discoveries thiab nthuav tseeb

Robert Fulton - ib qho ntawm feem nthuav cov npe ntawm cov niaj hnub lub sij hawm. Tim khawv ntau nthuav cov txheej xwm, cov neeg sab nrauv ua tsov ua rog, inventor thiab paub txog. Nws yuav ua tau ib tug ntev daim ntawv teev cov cim qualities ntawm tus neeg no, tab sis nws yuav zoo dua nyob rau qhov legacy ntawm uas sab laug rau xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv Robert Fulton?

biography

Childhood thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej inventor coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv America. Hnub yug - 1765. Qhov chaw yug - lub zos ntawm me teb chaws Aas Kiv. Leej Txiv Robert tuag thaum tus tub hluas yog peb xyoo. Robert thiab nws tsev neeg yuav tsum tau txav los ze zog mus rau nws niam - nyob rau hauv lub zos me me ntawm Lancaster. Muaj, Robert Fulton pib lub tsev kawm ntawv.

Kev kawm ntawv ntawm lub sij hawm uas tshuav npaum li cas yuav tsum tau kawm. Tub ntxhais kawm ntawv tau raug muab rau cim ntev daim Greek thiab Roman tej hauj lwm, qhia zaj dab neeg ntawm lub neej ntawm nyob deb European lub teb chaws - yog tsis sawv cev rau yav tom ntej ntawm lub inventor ntawm tus slightest kev txaus siab. Qhov uas nws yog feem ntau yuav siv sij hawm nyob rau hauv ib tug qub kws ntaus hlau lub khw nyob rau hauv lub ntug ntawm lub zos, rummaging los ntawm lub twj paj nruag Tus kws txawj txua sau trinkets. Twb nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm tsug kaum peb nws ua nws thawj cov kev kos duab, thiab tom qab ntawd rau nws sketches dej cia rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no tus thawj chav powered nkoj.

Tom qab tsev kawm ntawv, Robert Fulton nws nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub hniav nyiaj hniav kub ua lag ua luam. Tom qab ntawd nws sim los ua ib tug draftsman. Realizing yuav ua li cas nws lacks paub, nws txiav txim siab rau ib tug ntev mus txawv tebchaws mus ces - lub peev ntawm hauj nrhav. Nws yog ntawm no tias tag nrho cov yees los ntawm Robert Fulton, nws yog pib coj tiag tiag zoo - kev npau suav tig mus rau hauv kev muaj tiag.

Nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv ces

Robert Fulton nyob hauv Npeeyamee West - ib qho ntawm feem nto moo ntxias ntawm lub sij hawm. Nws tsis tau tso tseg nws tus npau suav yuav ua rau lub hiav txwv ib lub nkoj uas muaj ib lub fundamentally tshiab cav - tsis muaj oars thiab tsis muaj cua. Thaum kawg, peb tes num tsim. Tus thawj kos duab ntawm lub nkoj twb tau xa mus rau tsoom fwv ntawm ces nyob rau hauv 1793.

Nyob rau hauv 1797 nws tau tsiv mus rau Paris, qhov chaw uas nws txuas ntxiv mus ua hauj lwm rau nws invention uas yuav perpetuate nws lub npe - Robert Fulton. Biography ntawm lub inventor qhia rau hauv noo lub sij hawm ntawm nws lub neej. Nyob rau hauv Paris, Fulton kawm German thiab Fabkis, yuav ua kom lawv tus kheej kev paub ntawm Science News for KIDS, engineering thiab zauv. Ntawm no nws tau ntsib nrog Dzheymsom Ramzi English inventor uas nyob rau hauv 1786 los ua ib tsab ntawm tus thawj steamboat nyob rau hauv West Virginia.

Lub rejection ntawm cov lus qhib

Los ntawm Franklin lub surprise, nws foundations mas suav hais tias ib tug whim, puas khoom ua si. Admiralty tau hais tias nws tsis yog yuav mus nqis peev pab rau lub notoriously uas tsis yog-existent nkoj. Chim Robert Fulton nrog lawv tej yaam num yuav mus rau Fabkis nyob qhov twg nws twb tuag cia kiv puag ncig, Napoleon tuaj faiv fab 1. Tej zaum Fabkis yuav tsum tau nws rau cov tshiab tej yaam num?

Robert Fulton thiab Napoleon

Tus sau ntawm suav Mirabeau, muaj mention ntawm ib tug lub rooj sib tham ntawm lub American inventor nrog Napoleon. Robert Fulton, qhov tus tsim ntawm lub nkoj, muaj huab tais ntawm Fabkis replenish lub fleet nrog tshiab ships, uas yuav teev nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv tsa suab los ntawm txoj kev chav. Nws hais tias cov huab tais, uas nrog xws li tsov rog machines Napoleon 1 sai sai overcomes nws perennial rival - Fabkis.

Tom qab mloog mus rau lub inventor, Napoleon qw hais tias:

- Txhua txhua hnub, kuv muab tso rau ntawm lub rooj horrifying tej yaam num thiab txua ntau ruam uas yog tsis yooj yim sua. Cia li nag hmo, kuv twb muaj lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm ces cavalry, zaum ntawm tes dolphins. Mus deb - koj nyob nraum tej zaum ib tug ntawm cov vwm!

Nws yog nthuav tias tsuas yog yim xyoo tom qab, cov lus Askiv nkoj "Bellerophon" Napoleon tsav tsheb mus rau lub site ntawm nws thawj thawj exile - nyob rau hauv cov kob ntawm St Helena .. Nyob rau hauv lub qhib hiav txwv lub nkoj tau ntsib nrog English steamer "Fulton" uas txav nrog kev pab los ntawm chav xyaw.

Steamer overtook "Bellerophon" thiab zoo tshaj lub qab ntug. Raws li nws saib cov American nkoj, Napoleon remarked sadly:

- Tsis mloog Fulton, kuv poob kuv lub crown.

Tus thawj ships

Nyob rau hauv lub meantime, Fulton yog tab tom nrhiav rau cov sponsors rau qhov kev siv ntawm cov thawj ships nrog chav xyaw, nyob rau hauv 1800 lub submarine "Nautilus", yuav tsum yeej xwb lub tswv yim ntawm rov pom Laxalau dua tau tau pom hais tias nyob rau hauv Fabkis. Tab sis rau cov tub rog lub hom phiaj "Nautilus" yog tsis zoo, nws yog ib yam nkaus thiab qeeb, thiab ceev ceev sailing yooj yim maim yeeb ncuab submarine. Ntxiv kev siv ntawm cov ships tau tshem tawm, thiab qhov muaj nqis ntawm submarines twb nyob tsuas ib puas xyoo tom qab - thaum lub sij hawm thawj lub ntiaj teb ua tsov ua rog. Tej zaum tshwm sim los ntawm no nkoj rau ntau xyoo tom qab Verne sau nws immortal "Tus tauj ncov loj nemo". Nyob rau hauv 1803, cov dej ntawm lub Seine crisscrossing thawj steamer. Tab sis rau cov loj-scale lawm yog tseem tsis txaus lub sij hawm thiab nyiaj txiag. Thiab Robert Fulton txiav txim siab rov qab mus rau America.

hiav txwv Conquest

Nyob rau hauv America, Robert Fulton, ib tug ob peb xyoos siv rau kev txhim kho ntawm log motors hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua hauj lwm chav powered. Peb xyoos tom qab, tom qab rov mus nws teb koj chaw nyob rau hauv lub lig lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1807 tus thawj steamboat yog launched rau cov dej ntawm lub Hudson. Nws contemporaries hu ua nws "lub steamer Northern Hav dej ntawm Claremont," tab sis nyob rau hauv keeb kwm sau, nws yog lub npe hu ua "Claremont". Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, Claremont - lub npe ntawm tus qub txeeg qub tes lwm Fulton, uas yog nyob rau hauv 177 kilometers ntawm New York. Cov thawj davhlau, "North River" tau ua nyob rau hauv lub Hudson, los ntawm "Clermont-New York." Ntxias ntawm nyiaj txiag tej zaum ntawm nws invention, Fulton patented nws foundations thiab tau tom kev tso tawm ntawm lub nkoj nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States.

Steamboats nyob rau hauv Russia

Nyob rau hauv 1813 Fulton nug hais tias tus Lavxias teb sab tsoom fwv los mus pab kom txoj cai rau qhov kev siv ntawm cov hav dej Steamers rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman. Huab tais Alexander 1 tau muab rau nws tag nrho cov tsim nyog cov cai, tab sis mus rau txim tuag qhov kev txiav txim ntawm tsoom fwv ntawm Fulton thiab ua tsis tau. Peb lub xyoo tsis muaj nkoj tsis tau launched. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus inventor ib tug monopoly nyob rau hauv 1815 rau qhov kev siv ntawm ships yuav Charles Byrd, uas nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo launched tus thawj nkoj ntawm nws chav powered. ntawm cov kev tshwm sim tsab ntawv ceeb toom yog luam tawm nyob rau hauv "Leej Tub ntawm tus Fatherland" magazine. Muaj kuj yog thawj tug uas siv lo lus "nkoj", uas tom qab ua ib feem ntawm cov niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab lus.