Aleksandra Yakovlevna Brushteyn: biography, tus kheej lub neej thiab cov phau ntawv

Lavxias teb sab cov me nyuam cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua, ib qho tseem ceeb qhov chaw yog nyob los ntawm ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau feemxyuam sau ntawv. Aleksandra Yakovlevna Brushteyn - playwright thiab sau heev heev cov phau ntawv thiab cov dab neeg rau cov me nyuam.

biography

Hluas tsev neeg tus kws kho mob thiab pej xeem daim duab Yakhauj Iehilevicha Vygodsky thiab cov ntxhais theatrical tus kws kho mob Elena Semenovna Vygotsky (nee Yadlovkina) nyob rau hauv Vilna Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman. Muaj Lub yim hli ntuj 11, 1884 muaj ib tug ntxhais - Aleksandra Yakovlevna Brushteyn. Biography ntawm tus hluas nkauj tom qab tau sau nrog txoj kev nyuaj siab, kab mob thiab kev tu siab. Nws yuav muaj sia nyob hauv txoj kev tuag ntawm cov txiv, cov tub thiab cov txiv.

Nws kawm tiav los ntawm lub Bestuzhev dua Cov Kev Kawm rau Cov poj niam nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg.

Sasha kos revolutionary kev ua si. Twb thaum lub sij hawm nws kev tshawb fawb ntawm lub koom haum, nws tau tuaj koom lub koom haum uas muab kev pab rau cov uas poob cev qhev thiab raug kaw. Thiab qhia yooj yim ua hauj lwm rau kev nyeem ntawv thiab sau ntawv.

Kuv mus nyob rau Fabkis thiab Zurich, uas attracts tag nrho cov revolutionaries. Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig ntawm 1917 Aleksandra Yakovlevna Brushteyn nrog rau lwm yam revolutionaries pib tsim ib tug tshiab lub neej. Nws qhib tshaj ib puas cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab tej pab pawg los mus tshem tawm illiteracy. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm npaj rau cov repertoire rau cov me nyuam txoj kev ua yeeb yam.

Alexander Y. kev txom nyem los ntawm cov kab mob ntawm lub hnov apparatus. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo, nws lag ntseg ntau zog. Hais txog nws lub neej cov txawj sau ntawv tom qab sau ib ntawv phau ntawv, "Txoj kev mus rau hauv lub deb." Nws tuag nyob rau hauv Moscow Cuaj hlis 20, 1968.

tsev neeg

Alexander tus txiv yog ib tug neeg ntawm cov neeg Yudais, ascetic-tus kws kho mob sim los pab cov neeg mob, tsis hais ntawm lawv cov haiv neeg los yog social raws li txoj cai. Yakov Yefimovich hnub nws yog ua hauj lwm rau ntawm lub nroog cov tsev kho mob, thiab nyob rau hauv lub yav tsaus ntuj pab cov neeg pluag. Laj laj heev npaum li cas hais tias nws ob txhais tes twb tuav.

Alexandra muaj ib tug kwv yau - phev Yakovlevich Vygotsky, uas tom qab los ua ib tug engineer-constructors, tus neeg sau ntawm ntau yam monographs.

Sasha thiab nws yau tus tij laug Ximoos tsa, saib nws tus txiv. Lawv yog cov cia li zoo li Yakov Yefimovich, zoo siab hlo sim los pab cov neeg.

Nyob rau hauv 17 xyoo, lub neej yav tom ntej Soviet txawj sau ntawv sib yuav tus kws kho mob-physiatrist Sergeya Brushteyna, uas yog cov laus tshaj nws yog kaum xyoo.

Tsis ntev, nyob rau hauv 1904, lub xyoo, lawv muaj ib tug ntxhais, Nadezhda Sergeevna Nadezhdina. Nws los ua ib tug choreographer thiab tsim ib tug pej xeem seev cev khaub ncaws ntau "Birch". Peb xyoos tom qab, ib tug tub tau yug los Mihail Sergeevich Brushteyn - txhua yam engineer thiab tom qab ntawd thawj engineer ntawm lub Hoobkas "Liab Lub kaum hli ntuj". Nws yus tus kheej li ib tug xov tooj ntawm inventions nyob rau hauv Patisseries.

Cov tsev neeg ntawm Alexander tag nrho cov mus zoo. Nws tej hauj lwm no yog luam tawm, kuv tus txiv tsis ntev taws lub koom haum ntawm physiotherapy.

Tsov rog nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm Brushtein

Tab sis tsis ntev cov thawj lub ntiaj teb ua tsov ua rog. Lub Germans heev infringes rau cov cai ntawm cov neeg Yudais raug yuam kom them ib tug indemnity. Leej Txiv Alexander Mandelstam sawv rau lawv, pab innocent khiav los ntawm tsev lojcuj. Tsis ntev thiab heev Yakov Vygotsky Germans puas tau raug ntes. Nws siv li ob peb xyoos nyob rau hauv lub camp nyob rau hauv kev tshaib kev nqhis thiab txias. Tab sis txawm muaj, nws sim los pab cov neeg los ntawm kev muab kev kho mob. Ob xyoos tom qab, tus txawj sau ntawv txiv tau tso tawm.

Thiab nyob rau hauv 1941, thaum World War II pib, 85-xyoo-laus tus kws kho mob twb puas tau raug ntes dua. Tej lub sij hawm tom qab nws tuag.

Alexander tus tub, Michael ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub rear. Los ntawm lub zog ua hauj lwm pom hais tias mob loj heev lub plawv tus kab mob. Nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm nws tuag. Ntxhais Cia Siab toured rau rau pem hauv ntej thiab xwb narrowly dim. Tom qab tsov rog Sergei Brushtein tuag los ntawm kab mob plawv. Vim hais tias ntawm cov muaj zog tus cwj pwm txawv Aleksandra Yakovlevna Brushteyn heev sai sai pib mus poob rau nws lub xub ntiag. Tab sis kuv ua hauj lwm txawm nyuab me ntsis.

cov phau ntawv

Alexander Y. - sau ntawm ntau tshaj li rau caum daim rau cov me nyuam. Ntawm lawv yog cov feem ntau cov zoo-paub "xiav thiab liab", "tau", "Yog li ntawd nws yog." Nws yog tus sau ntawm ua yeeb yam los ntawm zoo-paub cov phau ntawv "Don Quixote" (nyob rau hauv 1928), "Ib tug siab phem ntiaj teb" los ntawm Dickens (1954th) thiab "txiv ntxawm Tom lub Alarm" (1948th xyoo). Ib txhia ntawm nws tej hauj lwm tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub pseudonym ntawm tus sau Alexandra Yakovlevna Nirge.

Nyob rau hauv 1956 nws luam tawm ntawv phau ntawv "Txoj Kev ...", tus sau los ntawm Aleksandra Yakovlevna Brushteyn. Phau Ntawv txawj sau ntawv imbued nrog zoo, zoo deeds thiab txoj kev hlub rau cov neeg. yuav pab tau tswv yim yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv lawv.

Ib me ntsis me ntsis txog "Txoj Kev ..."

Cov phau ntawv muaj peb qhov chaw. Tus thawj yog hu ua "Txoj kev mus rau hauv lub deb." Nws qhia txog cuaj xyoos Sasha, qhov chiv keeb ntawm cov uas yog nws tus kheej ib tug txawj sau ntawv. Hluas Sasha ntawv ceeb toom ib tug ntau ntawm kev tsis ncaj ncees nyob rau hauv lub neej - cov neeg txom nyem, starving cov me nyuam.

Thaum nyob rau hauv lub tiaj ua si Sasha pom armless artist, teeb ib daim duab ntawm lawv ko taw. Sasha yeej xav kom nws pab thiab kev txhawb nqa, yog li txiav txim siab mus yuav ib tug ntawm nws paintings. Nws muaj nws ib tug toj roob hauv pes thiab muab ib tug farewell mus rau lub neej, uas tus hluas nkauj nco dheev txog ib txhis.

Cov phau ntawv sai sai los ua nrov nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union. Nws tsis yog ib zaj dab neeg, nws yog ib tug ua niam ua txiv phau ntawv. Lub "Txoj kev" yog heev kov ub kov no, thiab warmth piav Alexander Y. thiab nws hometown Vilnius.

continuation ntawm zaj dab neeg

Ob xyoos tom qab, nyob rau hauv 1958, lub xyoo, tuaj lub thib ob yog ib feem ntawm lub trilogy "Thaum lub teev kaj ntug." Nws qhia txog lub xyoo ntawm txoj kev tshawb ntawm lub koom haum Sasha. Txawm tias tag nrho cov teeb meem ntawm txoj kev kawm, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws tus menyuam kawm ntawv. Tsis ntev nws yog yug los tus tij laug Ximoos. Tus heev tib yam Sasha finishes nws kev tshawb fawb. Cov phau ntawv qhia txog thiab tseem ceeb keeb kwm cov txheej xwm - kev tua neeg ntawm Alexander III thiab thaum pib ntawm lub reign ntawm Nicholas II.

Nyob rau hauv 1961 tuaj zaum kawg hauv phau ntawv ntawm lub trilogy hu ua "Caij nplooj ntoos hlav". Tom qab kawm tiav, Sasha tau txais ib txoj hauj lwm - nws qhia lus Askiv. Muaj tuaj ib lub tshiab, thib nees nkaum caug xyoo. Nws yog txuam nrog lub demonstrations thiab ntau kev tshaib kev nqhis. Cov phau ntawv kuj qhia txog nyob rau hauv kom meej lub Dreyfus yi.

Aleksandra Yakovlevna Brushteyn - txawj sau ntawv, ib tug zoo kev txiav txim zoo ntawm tus me nyuam psychology, dhau los ntawm ntau yam ntawm lub neej txoj kev sib foob, tab sis tsis tau tawg lawv. Nws "Txoj kev ..." yog tseem luam tawm thiab nyeem los ntawm tsis tsuas yog cov menyuam tiam sis kuj cov neeg laus.