Aircraft txhuas: yam ntxwv

Vim qhov yooj yim, ductility thiab kuj mus xeb txhuas tau ua ib tug indispensable khoom nyob rau hauv ntau industries. Aircraft txhuas - cov pab pawg neeg ntawm alloys differing nyob rau hauv lub xam ntawm siab zog magnesium, pob zeb ntais, tooj liab, thiab manganese. Impart ntxiv zog rau lub alloy los ntawm txoj kev m. N. "Aging nyhuv" - ib tug tshwj xeeb txoj kev hardening nyob rau hauv lub cawv rau ib ntev lub sij hawm ib tug txhoj puab heev atmospheric ib puag ncig. Cov hlau twb yees ua nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 20th xyoo pua nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm duralumin, tam sim no lub npe hu kuj nyob rau hauv lub npe "Avial".

Lus Txhais. keeb kwm keeb kwm yav dhau

Thaum pib ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm chaw ua dav hlua txhuas hlau yog hais tias yuav 1909. German metallurgical engineer Alfred Wilm empirically tsim, yog tias ib tug txhuas hlau nrog ib tug me me ntxiv ntawm tooj liab, manganese thiab magnesium tom qab hardening ntawm ib tug kub ntawm 500 ° C thiab tso sawv ntsug nyob rau 20-25 ° rau 4-5 hnub, nws maj ua nyuab me ntsis thiab muaj zog, tsis tau poob qhov yooj. Tus txheej txheem no hu ua "laus" los yog "maturing". Thaum lub sij hawm no hardening tooj liab atoms sau qhov tsawg tshaj plaws plurality ntawm aav ntawm lub grain ib thaj tsam. Cov kab uas hla ntawm cov tooj liab atom yog me dua ntawd ntawm txhuas, vim hais tias muaj yog compression kev nyuaj siab, yog li ua lub dag lub zog ntawm cov khoom.

Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm hlau twb mastered ntawm German factories Dürener Metallwerken thiab tau txais hom Dural, li no lub npe "duralumin". Tom qab, American metallurgist R. B. thiab Archer Dzhafris muaj pes tsawg leeg kho los ntawm hloov lub feem pua ntawm cov mas magnesium. Tus tshiab hlau hu ua 2024 uas ntau yam kev hloov kho yog lug siv niaj hnub no, tab sis rau tag nrho cov tsev neeg ntawm alloys - "Avial". Lub npe "aircraft txhuas", qhov no alloy tau txais yuav luag tam sim ntawd tom qab qhib raws li kiag li hloov cov ntoo thiab hlau nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm aircraft.

Lub ntsiab yam thiab cov yam ntxwv

Muaj peb lub ntsiab pawg:

• Tsev Neeg ntawm txhuas-manganese (Al-Mn), thiab txhuas-magnesium (Al-Mg). Lub ntsiab yam ntxwv - siab, tsis yog ua tsis tau zoo rau dawb huv txhuas xeb kuj. Tej alloys teb zoo mus vuam thiab soldering, tab sis qhov phem txiav. Tsis tawv los ntawm tshav kub kev kho mob.
• Corrosion-resistant txhuas-system alloys ntawm magnesium-silicon (Al-Mg-Si). Hardening tshav kub kev kho mob, namely quenching ntawm 520 ° C ua raws li los ntawm dej quenching thiab tej yam ntuj tso laus rau txog 10 hnub. Lub qhov txawv cov yam ntxwv ntawm no pab pawg neeg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv - siab xeb kuj thaum siv nyob rau hauv ib txwm tej yam kev mob, thiab nyob rau hauv kev nyuaj siab.
• Lub Khoos Loos Tsev alloys, txhuas-tooj liab-magnesium (Al-Cu-Mg). Lawv lub hauv paus - doped tooj liab, manganese, magnesium thiab txhuas. By ua lub proportions ntawm lub alloying ntsiab npaj aircraft txhuas, tus yam ntxwv uas tej zaum yuav sib txawv.

Ntaub ntawv ntawm lub yav tas pab pawg neeg muaj zoo txhua yam khoom, tab sis yog heev raug rau xeb tshaj tus thawj thiab thib ob tsev neeg ntawm alloys. Lub degree ntawm nyhav rau xeb yog nyob rau ntawm lub hom nto kev kho mob, uas yog tseem tsim nyog los tiv thaiv lub pleev xim rau los yog Anodized. Lub xeb kuj yog nce los ntawm plaug ib feem ntawm lub manganese hlau.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub peb hom alloys kuj distinguished forging alloys, Thaum tshav kub kub-resistant, high-zog yam ntxwv li al. Muaj tsim nyog rau ib qho hauv daim ntawv thov zog.

Npav ntawm aviation alloys

International qauv thawj aircraft txhuas npav lej qhia lub loj alloying ntsiab ntawm lub alloy:

• 1000 - ntshiab txhuas.
• 2000 - duralumin hlau, alloyed nrog tooj liab. Thaum ib tug lub sij hawm - lub feem ntau aerospace hlau. Vim lub high rhiab heev rau kev nyuaj siab xeb cracking yog nce hloov los ntawm 7000 series alloys.
• 3000 - alloying caij - manganese.
• 4000 - alloying caij - silicon. Alloys kuj hu ua Silumin.
• 5000 - alloying caij - magnesium.
• 6000 - lub feem ntau yas alloys. Alloying ntsiab - magnesium thiab silicon. Termozakalke tej zaum yuav raug mus nce lub dag lub zog, tab sis ua tsis tau zoo nyob rau hauv no parameter 2000 thiab 7000 series.
• 7000 - thermally tawv alloys, feem ntau check aircraft-qib txhuas. Lub ntsiab alloying ntsiab - zinc thiab magnesium.

Npav lub thib ob daim duab - txhuas hlau hloov tom qab thawj zaug ib theem zuj zus tooj - lub xov tooj "0". Qhov kawg ob nuj nqis - ntawm lub alloy tooj, ntaub ntawv qhia txog nws cov kev coj dawb huv ntawm impurities. Yog hais tias qhov chiv keeb hlau ntxiv rau qhov npav fifth cim "X".

Niaj hnub no, feem ntau qib aircraft txhuas 1100, 2014, 2017, 3003, 2024, 2219, 2025, 5052, 5056. Lub qhov txawv nta ntawm cov alloys yog: lightness, ductility, zoo toughness, kuj mus puas, corrosion thiab siab kev nyuaj siab. Nyob rau hauv lub aircraft lag luam hauv lub feem ntau lug siv alloys - cua 6061 thiab 7075.

qauv

Lub ntsiab alloying ntsiab aircraft txhuas yog tooj liab, magnesium, pob zeb ntais, manganese, thiab zinc. Qhov feem pua los ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov ntsiab nyob rau hauv lub hlau txiav txim yam ntxwv xws li lub zog, yooj, ua hauj txhua yam raug nyiaj, lwm yam puag hlau - txhuas, yooj yim alloying ntsiab :. Tooj (2,2-5,2% by luj), magnesium (0, 2-2.7%) thiab manganese (0.2-1%).

A tsev neeg ntawm aircraft txhuas-silicon alloys (4-13 loj%) nrog ib tug me ntsiab lus ntawm lwm yam alloying ntsiab - tooj liab, manganese, magnesium, zinc, titanium, beryllium. Nws yuav siv rau qhov siv thiab ua complex qhov chaw, kuj hu ua silumin los yog muab pov txhuas hlau. Cov tsev neeg ntawm txhuas-magnesium alloy (1-13% by luj) nrog rau lwm yam ntsiab muaj lub siab ductility thiab corrosion kuj.

Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm tooj liab nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm aircraft txhuas

Lub xub ntiag ntawm tooj liab nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm cov hlau aviation txhawb rau nws strengthening, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tsis zoo rau nws xeb kuj. Xa me nyuam rov ntawm grain ib thaj tsam thaum lub sij hawm quenching, tooj liab ua rau cov hlau raug rau pitting xeb, kev nyuaj siab corrosion thiab intergranular corrosion. Cov ciaj ciam no nplua nuj nyob rau hauv tooj liab yog galvanically ntau cathodic tshaj surrounding txhuas matrix thiab yog li ntawd ntau susceptible mus rau xeb tshwm sim los ntawm electrochemical mechanism. Ua cov tooj liab cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub hlau hnyav rau 12% tsub kom lub dag lub zog zog vim yog lub particulate hardening thaum lub sij hawm laus. Thaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm tooj liab nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm ntau tshaj 12% cov hlau yuav nkig.

Liaj teb ntawm daim ntawv thov

Aluminium alloys yog cov feem ntau nrov muag hlau. Lub teeb yuag aircraft qib txhuas hlau zog ua no ib tug zoo xaiv rau ntau industries los ntawm aircraft rau khoom hauv tsev (xovtooj ntawm tes, earphones, Planning ahead is). Aluminium alloys yog siv nyob rau hauv shipbuilding, tsheb manufacturing, kev tsim kho, w / d thauj nyob rau hauv lub nuclear kev lag luam.

Lug thov alloys muaj mob loj tsawv tooj liab cov ntsiab lus (2014, 2024 thiab lwm yam). Profiles ntawm cov alloys muaj siab xeb kuj, zoo workability, chaw weldability. Ntawm lawv yog ua lub luag hauj lwm tsim ntawm aircraft, hnyav tsheb thauj khoom, cov tub rog tsheb.

Properties aircraft txhuas compound

Vuam aircraft alloys yog nqa tawm heev dua lwm yam nyob rau hauv ib tug tiv inert roj. Nyiam gases yog Helium, argon los yog ib tug sib tov thereof. Nws muaj ntau dua thermal conductivity ntawm Helium. Qhov no txiav txim ntau paaj kub cwj pwm ntawm cov vuam ib puag ncig uas tso cai rau koj yuav xis txaus mus cuag tuab-walled yam ntxwv hais. Siv mixtures ntawm shielding gases tej lub qhov quav. Qhov ntau yam ntawm lub tsim ntawm pores nyob rau hauv lub weld yog zoo heev txo.

Cov kev siv nyob rau hauv lub aircraft lag luam

Aircraft txhuas alloys Ameslikas tsim rau cov kev siv ntawm aircraft. Ntawm no, lub vaj tse yog ua los ntawm aircraft engine qhov chaw, chassis, roj tso tsheb hlau luam, thiab lwm yam fastening pab kiag li lawm. Paub meej ntawm lub aircraft txhuas yog siv nyob rau hauv lub sab hauv cov neeg nrog caij compartment.

2xxx series txhuas alloys yog siv rau lub ntau lawm ntawm qhov chaw raug siab kub. Paub meej maj mam loaded ntshav, roj, thiab hydraulic roj systems no yog ua los ntawm alloy 3xxx, 5xxx thiab 6xxx. Cov feem ntau lug siv nyob rau hauv lub aircraft lag luam yog hlau 7075. Los ntawm nws lub ntsiab yog ua rau koj khiav lag luam ntawm ib tug loj load, nrog tsawg kub, siab kuj mus corrosion. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub alloy yog txhuas, thiab cov loj alloying ntsiab magnesium, zinc thiab tooj liab. Los ntawm nws yog ua lub hwj chim profiles ntawm aircraft lug, lub plhaub qhov chaw.