Arts thiab lom ze, Kos duab
Zhostovo painting. Hais Zhostovo painting. Zhostovo Hoobkas hniav painting
Amazed ntawm cov ntau yam thiab ntau yam ntawm cov xim, splashing rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm dub los yog dawb lias tais Zhostovo painting ntaub ntawv ib tug kaj floral qauv, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog lub finest paub meej. Fine rose thiab scarlet poppies, daisies yooj yooj yim thiab kov ub kov no cornflowers, peonies thiab pompous radiant Aster ua ke uas tsis paub tab sis tsis muaj tsawg paj zoo zoo nkauj. Noog thiab butterflies, ib tug ntau yam ntawm berries thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo li nyob rau hauv xws li tej yam yooj yim, txhua hnub khoom zoo li tais. Yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam tsis nrhiav, koj yuav nrhiav tsis tau ib yam ntawm cov tib tais - ib tug tshwj xeeb! Peb tuaj qhov twg rau tej kos duab, raws li ua li yam zoo kawg nkaus, qhov uas koj yuav coj peb zaj lus qhia Zhostovo painting? Hais txog qhov no thiab txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm painting rau hlau, yam ntxwv nyuab los ntawm Moscow Zhostovo, qhov no tsab xov xwm no yuav qhia tau.
Lub keeb kwm ntawm tshwm sim ntawm lacquer painting
Lub earliest, raws li keeb kwm thiab archaeological cov ntaub ntawv, muaj mastered rau lub kos duab ntawm lacquer painting Suav. Ob peb txhiab xyoo dhau los thaum lub sij hawm lub Shang Yin, Suav cov neeg nyob dai kom zoo nkauj lacquer paintings tsev neeg cov tais diav thiab niaj hnub siv, riam phom thiab ritual hlab ntsha.
Tom qab Tuam Tshoj lacquer painting kos duab kov yeej lub teb chaws ntawm Indochina, Persia thiab Is Nrias teb, Nyiv thiab Kauslim Teb. Nyob rau txhua lub cheeb tsam ntawm lacquer painting cov txheej txheem tsim ntawm nws tus kheej, raws li nyob rau hauv lub sawv ntawm pej xeem cov kos duab, tab sis kuj los ntawm raws li kev nyuab los ntawm lwm lub teb chaws.
Raws li lacquer painting tuaj rau Russia?
European tub txawj tub ntse nyob rau hauv lub XVI-XVII centuries, luam nrog lub teb chaws ntawm cov teb chaws Asia, coj zoo piv txwv ntawm pleev xim rau lacquerware rau lawv teb chaws. Inspired los ntawm txoj kev zoo nkauj thiab originality ntawm ntau yam nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm oriental khoom, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog lacquered dluab, tswv ntawm ntau European lub teb chaws yog pib ua thiab kho ntau yam ntawm tej yam uas nyob rau hauv lub "Suav" style.
Loj kev loj hlob ntawm kev kawm ntau lawm, lacquer dai kom zoo nkauj nrog paintings, nyob rau hauv European lub teb chaws xws li Holland, England, lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Fabkis, tshwm sim xwb nyob rau hauv lub XVIII caug xyoo.
Ural industrialist Nikita Akinfievich Demidov mus feem nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe, qhov twg nws los ua xav nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm lacquer painting. Nyob rau hauv 1778, nyob rau hauv lub Urals, Nizhny Tagil, Urals pib los mam nuv ntses paj painting rau hlau.
Tshwm sim Zhostovo Varnish Painting rau Hlau
Ua nyob rau hauv lub Urals thiab dai kom zoo nkauj nrog lacquer pleev xim rau hlau chests thiab cov tais, jugs thiab thoob, thiab lwm yam txhua hnub khoom raug muag tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub zos thiab lub Krestovskaya Irbit fairs, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub National Makarevskoy ncaj ncees nyob rau hauv Nizhny Novgorod.
Txij li thaum xyoo 1830, feem ntau ntawm cov khw nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Trinity parish, xws li cov Trinity, Khlebnikov thiab Zhostovo ceased mus tsim cov khoom ua los ntawm papier-mache, thiab hloov mus rau lub ntau lawm thiab pleev xim rau hlau tais.
Lub sib thooj rau lub capital ntawm kev nuv ntses tso cai rau ua tsis tau intermediaries thiab muaj ib tug neeg twg ua lag luam, raws li tau zoo raws li pheej yig mus yuav qhov tsim nyog cov ntaub ntawv.
Keeb kwm kev lag luam loj hlob
Pib nrog lub 30-ies ntawm lub XIX xyoo pua rau ua thiab kho lacquered tais ntawm cov hlau steel nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov nyob ib ncig zos. Thaum lub sij hawm no Zhostovo painting tej lub ncov ntawm nws chaw. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom qab lub kiv puag ncig qhov kev thov rau cov khoom uas Zhostovo masters poob sharply, ua rau lub unification ntawm disparate ntxias nyob rau hauv me me kev koom tes.
Cov feem ntau nyuaj lub sij hawm rau Zhostovo painting, raws li rau feem ntau lwm yam handicrafts, steel 40-50s ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no yog ho tsis tso tawm ntawm cov tais, tab sis yog ob peb lub sij hawm ntau zog zus tau tej cov uas tsis yog-tub ntxhais nuv ntses me nyuam cov khoom. Zhostovo painting rau cov me nyuam - yog me me ntoo thiab hlau lub tais, lub thoob thiab shovels, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ib tug neeg hais.
niaj hnub yav dhau
Khrushchev lub "thaw" ua ib tug zoo txawv nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm kev nuv ntses. Nyob rau hauv 1960, lub koom "Metallopodnos" twb reorganized thiab tau txais tam sim no lub npe - Zhostovo Hoobkas ntawm cov hniav painting. Saib xyuas los ntawm tsoom fwv, lub active kev sib koom tes ntawm masters thiab kws tshawb fawb koom nyob rau hauv ntau yam ob domestic thiab txawv teb chaws miv tau tso cai rau fishery kom tau tawm ntawm ntev-lub sij hawm kub ntxhov.
Niaj hnub no lub Hoobkas yog nquag ua hauj lwm, tej hauj lwm ntawm authorship neeg ua hauj lwm mus rau nws ntxias adorn lub kev txhais Vajluskub ntawm ntau puas nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, raws li zoo raws li lub tsev ntawm muaj koob nuj nqis ntawm kab lis kev cai, science thiab kev nom kev tswv.
Nta ntawm tsim
Raws li twb tau hais, Zhostovo painting tsim nyob rau hauv tus ntawm lub Ural paj painting rau hlau. Tab sis Zhostovo masters Ameslikas ua thiab dai ntau yam khoom ua los ntawm papier-mache, twb tau mus rau cov hloov tag nrho lawv tej hauj discoveries nyob rau hauv cov hlau tais. Rau lawv cov tsho tiv no, lawv siv lawv tus kheej compositions, raws li zoo raws li tshwj xeeb copal cov kua roj vanish.
Tsis muaj tsawg feem nyob rau hauv fisheries thiab kev loj hlob yog nyob ze ntawm lub chaw ntawm lukutinskih lacquer Miniatures. Rau ntxiv stylistic tsim Zhostovo painting pawg Rostov txha hniav laus thiab floral motifs Ivanovo paj rwb prints, thiab iav painting, yog ua rau cov suburban factories.
Los ntawm dab tsi thiab yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau lub tais?
Niaj hnub nimno Zhostov tais yog ua nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev: los ntawm stamping thiab forging.
Vim hais tias cov pa ntawv hlau rau tshwj xeeb txhua yam presses ua teb rau cov tais txheem nrhiav thiab ntau thiab tsawg. Tom ntej no, nyob rau hauv ib tug hluav taws xob xovxwm los ntawm txoj kev tshwj xeeb pwm thiab lub neej coj stamp nqa seaming npoo - interlining. Ib tug hlaws tais ua txhav, tuav lawv dov.
Ntxias Zhostovo painting yuav ua hauj lwm tsis tau tsuas yog nrog rau tus txheej txheem tais cov ntaub ntawv. Lawv xaiv muaj 26 txheem ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev uas mus xaiv lub feem ntau tsim nyog tsim. Ces, yog hais tias nws yog nws, qhov ua rau yog coj farrier (kws ntaus hlau), manufactures forged tais. Yuav kom qhov no kawg, ob peb hlau los xij tes txiab txiav bracket, uas tom qab, nyob rau hauv tus ntawm lub rauj yog rho thiab khob qhov rooj. Thaum seaming ntug muab tso rau hauv lub tais tshwj xeeb nyob ntawm tej, uas yuav muab nws lub zog thiab ces dlhos nws tus kheej rauj ntug.
Raws li cov tais yog npaj rau painting?
Thaum lub tais tau mas yuav kis tau zoo thiab seamed, lawv luam ob sab putty muaj cwj mem av dawb, diluted nyob rau hauv qhuav roj. Thaum luam tais qhuav nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov cub, tus tswv gruntovschik polishing tus nto nrog ntwav txhuam ntoo, thiab ces siv lwm txheej ntawm putty. Yav tas los tais them ob dub primer txheej uas muaj kaolin av nplaum, kerosene, Dutch muaj hmoov quav thiab roj. Txhua txheej twb qhuav thiab ua tib zoo polished. Niaj hnub no, cov tsoos txoj kev uas lub primer yog tsis tau thov, yog siv es tsis txhob puas los ntawm lub sprinkler Hoobkas xim av av. Tom qab so qhuav luam shpaklyuyut tais thiab qhuav. Ces putty tais manually polished nrog ib tug pumice pob zeb.
Tsuas yog ces yog thov mus rau lub tais dub xim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm Turpentine, thiab tom qab so qhuav nws ib zaug nyob rau hauv 2-3 khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg coated dub roj cov kua roj vanish. Lub qhuav thiab peeled tais conveyed los ntawm cov artist rau lub painting.
Yuav ua li cas ua kob haiv rau cov tais?
Zhostovo Hoobkas hniav painting, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus tsoos cov tais nrog ib tug dub keeb kwm yav dhau, manufactures khoom, uas yog xim liab, xiav, ntsuab thiab xiav haiv. Yuav kom tsim lawv rau hauv lub tais nto ib nyias txheej ntawm lacquer ntawm lub teeb. Kom txog rau thaum nws qhuav tawm, nphoo nws nrog bronze los yog txhuas hmoov. Thaum metallized tom qab yog qhuav, pleev xim nws cov xim uas koj xav lessirovochnomu xim tsev, li no muab khaus thiab full-bodied, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ib tug shimmering, zoo li ib tug translucent tom qab.
Painting rau ib cov xim tom qab yuav tsum tau ib tug kev hloov ntawm cov xim raws li cov yam ntxwv thiab hom kev kawm. Yog li, tsuas yog me ntsis xws glare thiab ntxoov ntxoo ib tug me ntsis twv.
Art painting Zhostovo tais
Zhostovo craftsmen ua tshwj xeeb nas painting txhuam thiab roj xim tsev diluted nrog Turpentine thiab linseed roj. Txhua artist yog ib txhij ua hauj lwm rau ob peb cov khoom. Yuav kom neeg lub qhia txog yam tshiab siv dawb xim nrog cov kua roj vanish (gulfarba), sprinkle lub hmoov txhuas, los yog lub thiaj li hu ua yaj kub - diluted nyob rau hauv Turpentine los yog pob tshab lacquer cov hmoov kub.
Zhostovo painting yuav ua li cas nyob rau hauv ob ua sawv: zamalevka thiab poise. Nyob rau hauv kauj ruam zamalevki dav txhuam artist thim lub ntsiab silhouette muaj pes tsawg leeg rau ntawm cov ua hauj lwm nto ntawm lub tais. Rau nws cov kev siv siv dilute (razbelennye) xim tsev. Ces tais zamalevkoy thov yog qhuav rau 12 xuab moos nyob rau hauv ib tug qhuav txee.
Tom qab ntawd, tus tswv pib thiab thim cov kabmob ntawm kaj chaw, imposes kob ntxoov ntxoo thiab glare prescribes uas impart volume ntawm muaj pes tsawg leeg. Stamens ntawm paj thiab nplooj streaks silhouetted nyias kab. Major ntsiab Zhostovo painting, xws li loj paj, nrog me me stems, nyom thiab lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub nyob tus yeees. Qhov tseeb deal txog yam tshiab rau lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib.
Tiav lawm ua hauj lwm peb polished nrog cov kua roj vanish thiab qhuav nyob rau hauv ncu, ces manually otpolirovyvayut nto mus rau ib tug iav finish.
Basic painting motifs
Feem ntau cov feem ntau Zhostovo ntxias ua tej yam yooj yim paj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov bouquets, uas rhythmically alternating lub vaj teb loj thiab ib tug me me wildflowers. Feem ntau, cov puag compositions roos ob peb loj paj, xws li rose, Aster, peony, tulip Dahlia los yog ib puag ncig los ntawm xoob me me paj thiab buds thiab interconnected nyias stems, twigs thiab nplooj. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus lub vaj teb loj paj, ib co ntxias coj mus rau lub fore muaj pes tsawg leeg coj violets, lilies, bindweed los yog pansies.
Bouquets zoo li lub vaj thiab cov tsiaj qus paj yuav supplemented nrog rau cov duab ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo, berries, cov noog thiab cov butterflies. Tej zaum painters depict tais xwb tseem lifes ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo los yog bunches ntawm berries xws li Rowan.
Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau paj npaj, thiab zaj dab neeg yog tsim Zhostovo painting, ib tug yees duab uas koj yuav saib tau hauv qab no. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, nws depicts scenes ntawm lub neej ntawm tus neeg zoo tib, scenery, ua hauj lwm, raws li zoo raws li nees trio. By thiab loj, Zhostovo painting (cov duab no yog nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm) - nws yeej yog ib daim duab.
Kev paub qhia lo txhais tau tias Zhostovo Applied Arts
Chiv, muaj pes tsawg leeg rau cov tais raug coj los ntawm paintings, tab sis lawv cov txhais lus ntawm txhua artist tau nws tus kheej. Niaj hnub no masters twb paub lawm tam sim no classical compositions, tab sis kuj nrhiav mus nrhiav tus tshiab sawv daws yuav.
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv txhua ua hauj lwm Zhostovo painting compositions yog inscribed nyob rau hauv ib tug dav hlau thiab muaj kev cob cog mus ua ib lub tais, lawv txig kis zwj ceeb tob thiab ntim twv khoom. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev qhia Zhostovo kos duab yog zoo thiab xim nqi koj tshuav ntawm daim duab.
Kuv yuav kawm tau?
Kawm dab tsi Zhostovo painting, yuav ua li cas rau kos nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no, nws yog tau nyob rau hauv lub Zhostovo. Thaum lub Hoobkas, cov khoom uas yog nrov thoob lub ntiaj teb no, muaj cov coj tours ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej cov tais thiab tswv cov chav kawm nyob rau hauv kos duab lacquer. Yuav luag txhua txhua lub zos muaj ib tug mus txawv tebchaws chaw ua hauj lwm muab mus ua si rau lub Hoobkas, qhov chaw uas koj yuav saib tau npaum li cas yuav ua rau Zhostovo painting. Master chav kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv nws yog tseem muab los ntawm qhov kev pab cuam. Excursion rau Zhostovo yuav ncaav ntawm nws tus kheej, pre-kev sib cuag nrog ib tug tsev cia puav pheej thiab ntxiv teev ntawm lub lag luam.
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