Yuav ua li cas yog utopia thiab dystopia?

Yuav ua li cas yog utopia? Qhov no lub sij hawm yog siv (mas) nyob rau hauv ntau yam hauj lwm ntawm cov ntawv tseeb. Lawv xa mus rau ib haiv neeg uas yog zoo meej, zoo meej. Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm lub sij hawm siv nyob rau hauv 1516 politician thiab humanist Thomas More. Nws yog lub npe ntawm lub zoo heev kob, qhov twg tag nrho cov neeg yog muaj sib npaug rau txhua tus lwm yam. Ib me ntsis tom qab, lub sij hawm "utopia" tuaj mus rau hauv dav siv. Nws yog ib yam rau hnub no.

Yuav ua li cas yog utopia? Koj muaj peev xwm tsuas yog muab ib tug heev kev tseem ceeb, vim hais tias txhua txhua cov kws ntawv thiab philosopher nws tus kheej txiav txim zoo li cas ntawm cov haiv neeg yuav pom tau tias zoo tagnrho. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug kev taw qhia raws li utopia yuav paub qhov txawv peb lub ntsiab tiam sis.

Firstly, nws yog ib tug qauv ntawm cov zoo tagnrho lub xeev nyob rau hauv uas lub tsav tsheb quab yuam yog lub ceev ceev txoj kev loj hlob ntawm science, heev heev discoveries thiab inventions. Qhov no sib yuav piav raws li ib tug technocratic utopia.

Secondly, nws yog ib tug zoo meej lub ntiaj teb no, qhov twg greatness yog tiav los ntawm cov nom tswv apparatus ntawm ib tug zoo meej ntaus ntawv.

Thirdly, nws yog evolutionary thiab sociological utopia, uas yog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm tus nruam evolution thiab nws tus kheej-kev txhim kho ntawm tus neeg.

Yuav ua li cas yuav xaiv los ntawm cov sij hawm no? Yuav ua li cas yog utopia? Raws li twb tau hais, nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw - yog cov duab ntawm lub zoo meej kev txiav txim ntawm cov haiv neeg. Utopia tej zaum yuav ib tug tej yam txoj kev xav, los yog ib tug txawj ib hom ntawv nyeem.

Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias niaj hnub sau ntawv thiab philosophers, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lawv cov predecessors, mus rau lub tswv yim ntawm ib qho zoo tagnrho ntiaj teb no kev txiav txim nrog ib tug ncaj ncees npaum li cas ntawm skepticism. Seb nws yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv peb lub neej yog ib lub tswvyim, qhov no unattainable npau suav? Ntawm cov hoob kawm, nws yog tsim nyog, vim hais tias lub tswv yim ntawm utopia yuav nyob ntev li ntev tau raws li ib tug pom cov shortcomings ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, thiab xav mus tshem tawm lawv. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau kev kawm tau nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm kev lub neej.

Yog tsis muaj li no tshaj plaws li utopia muaj nws cov lus rov - ib tug dystopia. Ib tug zoo xws li cov sib tau ua tsis tshua muaj nrov tom qab tus thawj lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog. Dystopia - ib tug ntiaj teb no thiaj txhawb siab xwb ntshai heev thiab qias neeg. Feem ntau qhov no ib hom ntawv nyeem ua hauj lwm pab ib co sarcasm nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau lub tswv yim ntawm ib tug zoo tagnrho lub neej. Koj muaj peev xwm taug keeb kwm parallels. Tshwj xeeb yog tseem ceeb yog cov dystopian ib hom ntawv nyeem thaum ib co xeev sim kom paub tus npau suav ntawm ib qho zoo tagnrho ntiaj teb no kev txiav txim. Needless hais tias xws li thawj kauj ruam tau coj xwb zoo txim, qhov loj kiv puag ncig thiab kev tuag. tej hauj lwm yog feem ntau sau ib daim ntawv nyob rau hauv no ib hom ntawv nyeem, lawv hais tias yog tsis ib txwm zoo thawj kauj ruam aimed ntawm kev hloov lub neej ntawm txhua tus neeg tig mus rau hauv zoo tau, vim hais tias txhua leej txhua tus muaj lawv tus kheej lub tswv yim ntawm ib tug zoo meej lub ntiaj teb no kev txiav txim.

Cov cheeb tsam xws li utopia thiab dystopia, tsis tshua muaj cov thaum lub caij. Muaj coob tus neeg heev kev txhawj xeeb txog lub sai hloov tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, nws yog li ntawd tsis yooj yim rau to taub qhov twg lawv tej zaum yuav ua. Tib neeg lub tswv yim raws li nws mus rau pem hauv ntej, yog nqus tau ib tug zoo thiab tej zaum kuj txaus ntshai cov duab ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Cov lus qhia yog heev yooj yim mus rau npe rau ib tug dog dig fantasy. Feem ntau, nws yog ib tug loj philosophical reflections, raws li nyob rau hauv kev kawm neej thiab ua rau peb xav txog lub neej thiab lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm noob neej.

Tam sim no uas koj paub tias dab tsi yog ib tug utopia. Nto moo phau ntawv sau nyob rau hauv no ib hom ntawv nyeem yog cov "Lub nroog ntawm lub hnub" ntawm Campanella, "Micromegas" los ntawm Voltaire, "Tus Tshiab Atlantis" Nqaij npuas kib, "Nyob rau hauv 2000," Bellani thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Nto moo tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab, daim ntawv sau nyob rau hauv raws li cov kev taw qhia ntawm dystopia, nws "1984" Orwell lub "Peb" Zamyatin, "Tus Tswv ntawm lub Yoov" Golding, "A Clockwork txiv kab ntxwv" Burgess, "Lub Begum lub Fortune" Jules Verne, "Akselerando" Charles Stross, thiab lwm tus neeg.