Yuav ua li cas yog lub suab ntawm kev hais lus? Yuav ua li cas koj hu xov tooj rau ib tug ceg lug uas kawm cov suab ntawm kev hais lus?

Linguistics muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm txawv khej. Txhua yam ntawm lawv yog nplooj siab mus rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm ib tug lus theem. Ib tug ntawm lub hauv paus, uas yog ob qho tib si nyob rau ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab hauv tsev kawm ntawv rau cov kws qhia ntawm Philology, ib tug phonetics uas kawm cov suab ntawm kev hais lus.

phonetics

Phonetics - qhov yooj yim ntawm ntu philological sciences, kawm lub suab qauv ntawm cov lus. Seem no qhia txog:

1. Suab, lawv faib thiab muaj nuj nqi.
2. Suab thiab lawv cais.
3. Qhov tseem ceeb.
4. Suab ntawv sau npe lo lus.
5. suab lus - nws yog lub me tshaj indivisible chav tsev ntawm cov lus. Suab daim ntawv lub suab hais tias ua li lo lus.

forums phonetics

Nyob rau hauv classical phonetics yog cov nram qab no:

1. Lub acoustics ntawm kev hais lus. Nws them xim cev nqaij daim tawv tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev hais lus.
2. Lub physiology ntawm kev hais lus, kev kawm ua hauj lwm ntawm kev kabmob thaum pronouncing lub suab.
3. Phonology - ib tug ceg lug uas cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev hais lus raws li ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm kev sib txuas lus suab thiab lawv tau hauj lwm.

Sawv kuj nyob ib sab chaw lug:

1. Orthoepy kawm cov kev cai ntawm kev hais.
2. Spelling, los ntawm kev uas cov tub ntxhais kawm kawm spelling lo lus.
3. Graphics - seem, xav tias nyob tus yeees ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab niam ntawv. Nws paub meej txoj kev sib raug ntawm cov suab thiab lawv fixation rau hauv tsab ntawv, lub keeb kwm ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv.

kev faib

Paub qhov txawv hais lus suab ntawm niam thiab consonants.

Thaum pronouncing ntawv niam exhaled cua kwj kis dawb do los ntawm cov kabmob ntawm kev hais lus, tsis muaj encountering obstacles. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, casting consonants, on qhov tsis tooj, lub exhaled cua raws li ib qho chaw khuam, uas yog tsim los ntawm lub teb los yog ib nrab kaw ntawm tus kabmob ntawm kev hais lus.

Nyob rau hauv peb cov lus yog 6 cim suab thiab 21 tsiaj ntawv hnub no. Nco ntsoov kuj hais tias tus niam yog unstressed los yog kev poob siab, thiab lub consonants raug muab faib mus rau hauv ib qho nyuaj thiab mos mos.

Lub acoustic yam ntxwv ntawm cov suab

Tag nrho cov suab lus muaj acoustic yam ntxwv. Cov muaj xws li:

• Qhov siab. Qhia nyob rau hauv Hz / sec. Lub siab dua tus nqi, qhov zoo lub suab.
• Lub zog los yog kev siv ntawm uas yog nyob rau hauv lub amplitude ntawm vibrations ntawm lub vocal cords. Ntsuas nyob rau hauv decibels.
• Timbre nyob ntawm lub suab thiab overtones.
• Duration yog ntsuas los ntawm qhov nyiaj ntawm lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau rau hais ib lub suab. Qhov no yam ntxwv yog ncaj qha mus txog rau tus nqi ntawm kev hais lus.

articulation tej yam tshwm sim

Rau consonants yog plaub lub ntsiab articulation feature:

1. Qhov ratio ntawm cov suab nrov thiab lub suab (sonants nrov nrov, nrov lag ntseg).
2. Los ntawm txoj kev ntawm articulation: occlusives (blasting, affricates, occlusive), kis thiab kis-occlusive (sab, tuav).
3. Los ntawm active lub cev muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm lub suab: labial (bilabial, labio-kho hniav) thiab lingual (apicals, sredneyazychnye, velar).
4. Raws li cov passive lub cev muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub articulation ntawm: kho hniav, alveolar, palatal, velar.

articulation tej yam tshwm sim

Thaum lub niam yog cov nram qab no cov tsos mob:

• Tooj - nws yog nyob ntawm dab tsi yog ib feem ntawm cov lus thaum lub sij hawm hais ntawm lub suab ntawm lub nce. Faib pem hauv ntej, nruab nrab thiab nram qab uake.
• Lifting - nyob rau ntau npaum li cas yog tsa rov qab ntawm tus nplaig nyob rau hauv lub cim zoo. Feem ntau high, nruab nrab los yog cov uas tsis muaj nqa.
• Labialization yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm kev koom tes ntawm ob daim di ncauj nyob rau hauv lub hais ntawm lub suab. Faib labialized thiab nelabializovannye ntawv niam.

suab

Kawm phonetics ntawm kev hais lus suab thiab suab.

Suab - qhov tsawg kawg nkaus semantic unit. Nyob rau hauv ib tug hais lus lo lus yog muab faib mus rau hauv lub suab los ntawm ib tug mas. Txhua lub suab muaj preformative suab, feem ntau cim. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tej zaum nws yuav muaj xws li ib los yog ntau tshaj uas tsis yog-syllabic suab, feem ntau yog ntawv niam.

Cov nram qab no hom ntawm lub suab:

1. Qhib uas souse cim.
2. Kaw, xaus tsiaj ntawv.
3. Covered - nws pib nrog ib tug tsiaj ntawv.
4. Liab qab - nws pib nrog ib tug cim.

sis

Kev nyuaj siab - ib lo lus xaiv nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm lub Cheebtsam - suab. Muab suab. Suab los yog lub suab uas yog nyob rau hauv lub poob siab txoj hauj lwm, cov lus hais nrog ntau dua lub zog thiab precision.

Kos rau lub correctness ntawm kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv ib lo lus, koj yuav tau siv pronouncing phau ntawv txhais lus.

phonetic tsom xam

Kawm hais lus suab tub kawm ntawv thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm txhawb lawv cov kev paub nrog rau kev pab los ntawm phonetic tsom xam cov lus. Nws tau ua raws li nram no:

1. Sau lo lus raws li sau cov kev cai.
2. Lo lus no muab faib mus rau hauv lub suab.
3. Ntxiv mus, lo lus transcription txoj hlua kaw nyob rau hauv square nkhaus.
4. Yuav kom muab tso rau hauv lub haum nyob rau hauv cov lus.
5. Tag nrho cov suab kaw nyob rau hauv lub transcription sau nyob rau hauv ib kem. Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv yog sau articulation ntawm nws tus yam ntxwv.
6. Nws xam tau tias yog ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv thiab cov suab nyob rau hauv ib lo lus thiab sau lub resulting qhov tseem ceeb.
7. Nws yog ntseeg hais hauv lub xov tooj ntawm lub suab yog muab los ntawm lawv cov nyuag hauj lwm.

Kawm nyob rau lub tsev kawm ntawv

Kawm paub txog phonetics pib nyob rau hauv thawj qib. Ces cov me nyuam raug cob qhia kom paub qhov txawv ntawm niam thiab consonants, nyuab siab thiab unstressed ntawv niam, xam tau tias yog lub suab. Nyob rau hauv lub thib tsib qib kuv pib ntau nyob rau hauv-tob paub nrog lub suab ntawm kev hais lus. Cov me nyuam uas muab ib tug nyuag lus piav qhia txog kev ntawm lub suab, lawv ua swm nrog lub zog thiab mos consonants, kawm kom raug ua ib tug phonetic tsom xam cov lus.

Lub kaum chav kawm ntawv paub systematized thiab rov yav tas los tau. Yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug profile nqes hav mus kawm lawv hom lus, kev txawj ntse ntawm phonetics xib fwb tob raws li lub yav tas los tsim qhov kev pab cuam.

Kawm nyob rau lub tsev kawm ntawv

Plaug menyuam kawm ntawv-philologists phonetics pib nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab kav rau ib lossis ob semesters. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug semester yog mob siab rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm phonetics, piv txwv li, acoustics thiab physiology ntawm kev hais lus, qhov thib ob - phonology. Thoob plaws hauv lub chav kawm, cov menyuam kawm ntawv nkag tau mus rau txawv le caag nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm suab thiab phonemes, kawm muab tus yam ntxwv suab ua phonetic tsom xam. Tom qab ua tsab ntawv no thaum kawg ib qho kev xeem.

Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, txoj kev paub no yuav pab tau nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm dialects, graphics thiab spelling orthoepy.

tshawb pom

Suab lus - nws yog tsawg heev lus units, kawm nyob rau hauv kev kawm yam lus. Lawv txoj kev kawm muab kev koom tes science phonetics. Yuav los kawm paub nrog lub suab pib nyob rau hauv thawj qib kev kawm ntawv hauv paus. Paub txog phonetics - lub hauv paus ntawm muaj tseeb hais lus, sau ntawv kom raug tib neeg kab lis kev cai.