Yuav ua li cas yog lub ntsiab cab kuj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv Egypt? Sau ntawv thiab kev txawj ntse ntawm Egyptians

Cov me nyuam yug ntawm Iyiv sau ntawv yog nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm IV txhiab BC. Lub hauv paus ntawm nws yuav tsum duab sau ntawv, qhov chaw uas txhua yam khoom los yog tswvyim kis los ntawm txoj kev ntawm daim duab. Av nplaum ntsiav tshuaj, papyrus phau, pob zeb inscriptions - qhov no yog txhua yam uas tau cov thawj cov cab kuj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv Egypt, thiab mus rau ib tug me me raws li tau mus txog peb hnub. Coj txawv txawv simplified drawings zaum npe cim, thiab nws tus kheej sau ntawv hu ua hieroglyphics. Cov phau ntawv "Keeb kwm ntawm lub Ancient ntiaj teb, Qib 5" xwb nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam rau qhov no nthuav npe. Nyob rau rov tshwm sim, nthuav rau ntawm ancient Iyiv sau ntawv thiab cov tom qab cov me nyuam mus decrypt nws yog hais nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

divine tshwm sim

Lub Egyptians ntseeg hais tias txhua txhua tus ua cim - dawb ceev raws li kev sau ntawv qhia Tim lyiv teb chaws ib - nrog tus vaj tswv uas muaj txhab. Cov tsab ntawv nws tus kheej hu ua "mduentr" - "Vajtswv txoj lus". Daim duab duab ntawm cov lo lus - lub ntsiab tshaj plaws uas yog lub ntsiab cab kuj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv Iyi tebchaws. Tus thawj Hieroglyphs, zaum tau nyob rau ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm tombs, tuam tsev, thiab obelisks rau lub Sarcophagi - nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov zoo kawg li monuments, carved tawm ntawm lub pob zeb, uas tau nqes los rau niaj hnub lub sij hawm.

Los ntawm nruab nrab-II txhiab BC. Iyi siv thaum sau ntawv hais txog 700 cim, txawm ib txhiab xyoo lawv muaj pes tsawg tau ntau zog los ob peb txhiab. Feem ntau ntawm cov cim - nws yog ib tug duab designating lawv kawm. Tej zaum tus kos npe rau yuav xaiv lub suab - nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib lo lus twb sau rau hauv tsab ntawv ob peb cim. Iyiv zodiac ambiguous - tib yam style yuav raug muab tso rau cim txawv. Tus nqi ntawm ib lo lus tej zaum yuav teev tseg los ntawm tshwj xeeb drawings - determiners. Tej yam tshwm sim tsis taw tes rau lo lus nws cov ntsiab lus thiab yog ua kom zoo zoo. Yog li ntawd, lub ancient sau ntawv dhau rau ib tsab ntawv mus paub daws teeb yim, kev xav thiab cov duab hais tias nws yuav tsis yooj yim rau ua lwm yam. Tag nrho cov uas yog ib cov cab kuj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv Egypt, them saw amazing, mysterious cim.

Qhaj ntawv ntawm niam

Cim rau lub suab, qhia tsuas yog tus consonants nyob rau hauv lub suab. Cim cov tsiaj ntawv nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv tsis tau ua ntawv thov. Qhov no feature yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm ob qho tib si ancient thiab niaj hnub lus - piv txwv li, lub Arabic tsab ntawv kuj tsis siv ntawv niam. Yog li ntawd, lub caij nyoog transcription (suab) ntawm lo lus yog tseem tsis tau paub rau peb, thiab tib lub Egyptian lo lus tej zaum yuav nyeem tau nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm transcription, nyob ntawm seb qhov siv.

Sau ntawv thiab kev txawj ntse ntawm Egyptians yog lug siv nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm lub tshiab Kingdom. Cov kev loj hlob ntawm lub lag luam tawm, lub strengthening ntawm lub xeev hwj chim coj mus rau lub rov tshwm sim ntawm ib yam tshiab ntawm kev sau ntawv, nyob rau hauv uas nyias muaj nyias kev tshwm sim pib sau ua ke, merged mus rau hauv ib tug cim. Yog xav nyeem thiab sau tau ua yooj yim, thiab cov tshiab hom ntawm cov qhab nia zaum hu ua Demonica - lub teb chaws ntawv.

Yuav ua li cas qhia sau ntawv

Cov Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm ancient tim lyiv teb chaws twb feem ntau nyob rau lub tuam tsev. ua hauj lwm muab tub rau cov tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv tsib los sis rau xyoo. Yav tom ntej xib hwb raug coj los ntawm lub tsev mov thiab ib tug jug ntawm cawu cub, thiab mus txhua txhua hnub rau kawm tau li cas tag nrho cov niaj hnub kawm ntawv.

Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, tus me nyuam twb qhia kuv los nyeem thiab sau ntawv. Papyrus yog kim heev khoom, thiab nws tsis tau tso cai rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv. Cov thwjtim sim sau rau ntawm polished phiaj limestone hlua mus rau hauv lub cell thiab ntau yam. Cov phiaj no tau siv rau tib lub hom phiaj raws li cov niaj hnub tsev kawm ntawv phau ntawv sau. Nyob rau cov nqe lus nug ntawm yog dab tsi lub ntsiab cab kuj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv Egypt, peb yuav muab cov lus teb no: txhua tus "phau" uas dim kom txog rau thaum hnub no, pab raws li ib tug txhim khu kev qha qhov chaw ntawm kev txawj ntse txog qib ntawm kev cob qhia thiab kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws no.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus nyeem ntawv thiab sau ntawv, cov tub ntxhais kawm tau kawm nyob rau hauv kom meej lub kos duab, keeb kwm, geography, kom qhia lawv cov kev cai ntawm cov tub rog science thiab technology.

Thaum kawm tas hoob no cov menyuam kawm ntawv loj hlob tuaj los Sciences muab ib tug zoo zoo nkauj tshooj papyrus. Tim lyiv teb chaws yog ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab manufacturers ntawm papyrus nyob rau hauv lub ancient ntiaj teb no, thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau pej xeem cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub teb chaws no tau dim nyob rau hauv lub cev tsis kho tej phau ntawv. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas los xij ntawm no precious tub hluas meant hais tias nws candidature rau tus ncej yog npaj rau cov xav txog ib tug tsoom fwv. Nyob rau hauv tus keej txhais tes ntawm cov tub sau ntawv papyrus them nrog txhua ntawm Hieroglyphs, thiab kev zoo nkauj ntawv nyeem decorate nrog kaj colours.

tsis nco qab lawm cov tsiaj ntawv

Nws tau dhau yuav luag ob txhiab xyoo txij thaum lub heyday ntawm ancient Tim lyiv teb chaws. Lub teb chaws tuaj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ntawm lub hwj chim Roman faj tim teb chaws. Huab tais Feodosy lig kuv AD kaw kawg lub tuam tsev ntawm Osiris thiab Amon. Egyptians tau ntev tau siv los ntawm lub Coptic lus, uas nyob rau hauv nws cov nyob tus yeees yog sib txawv heev los ntawm cov lus ntawm lub ancients, raws li siv nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv mus rau lub Greek cov tsiaj ntawv. Txhua yam uas yog lub ntsiab cab kuj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv Egypt, nws cia li coj txawv txawv, ancient thiab tsis muaj nthuav rarities. Xya centuries ntawm domination ntawm lub Greeks thiab Loos yog txaus rau ib tug zoo kab lis kev cai mus nyob qhovtwg li. Greek philosophers twb xav nyob rau hauv lub Egyptian ntseeg thiab philosophy, tab sis tsis paub txog ntawm sau ntawv cov ntaub ntawv no muab tau sketchy thiab ces dag. Christian theologian Kliment Aleksandriysky tseem pom lub sij hawm thaum lub Egyptians twb tau nyeem cov cim, nws muab ib tug nyuag hauj lwm ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sau ntawv thiab nyeem ntawv ib co ntawm cov yam ntxwv, tab sis ho tsis thab mus qhia peb txog qhov nta ntawm lawv cov daim ntawv thov. Los ntawm unraveling lub mysteries ntawm Iyiv sau ntawv ua kev thiab medieval sages thiab Suav philosophers. Thiab xwb nyob rau hauv XIX xyoo pua nws muaj peev xwm mus nqa daim ntaub thaiv ntawm secrecy tshaj lub paub tsis meej ntawm Hieroglyphs.

Rosetta pob zeb

Thaum lub sij hawm Napoleon lub Egyptian ntoj ke mus kawm, Tus tauj ncov loj Bouchard pom ze Rosetta me me pob zeb nrog cov seem ntawm tus inscription nyob rau hauv peb ancient hom lus. Zaum tuaj mus rau lub xaus hais tias lub Greek, Roman thiab Iyiv ntawv hais lus ntawm kev ris txiaj rau lub pov thawj, muab los ntawm Ptolemy Epiphanes, thiab cov phau ntawv no yeej tseem zoo ib tug thiab tib yam lus nyob rau hauv ntau yam lus. Rosetta pob zeb tau muab impetus rau qhov tseeb txhais lus ntawm Iyiv sau ntawv ib tug Fabkis txoj paub txog, linguist thiab Egyptologist npe Jean François Shompolon. Nws ua hauj lwm hu ua "me me sketch ntawm lub hieroglyphic system ntawm lub ancient Egyptians, los yog txoj kev tshawb no ntawm cov ntsiab ntawm cov daim ntawv" muab sawv mus rau lub hav zoov ntawm ib tug science ntawm Egyptology.

xaus

Txiv qaub phau ntawv sau cov tub ntxhais kawm, papyrus lub xeev cov xib hwb thiab cov inscriptions rau lub pob zeb thiab marble uas cov pov thawj adorned lawv tuam tsev, twb tau lub hauv paus kev txoj kev tshawb no ntawm ancient Egypt. Egyptology hnub no - nws yog ib tug science, uas tau muab cov lus teb rau cov lus nug ntau txog cov ntaub ntawv, kab lis kev cai, kev nom kev tswv thiab lub neej txhua hnub ntawm ancient tim lyiv teb chaws; kev kho nyob rau hauv science yog teev nyob rau hauv phau ntawv "Keeb kwm ntawm lub Ancient ntiaj teb, Qib 5". Tub kawm ntawv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv theem nrab hnub no, ib tug ob peb zaj lus qhia, yuav kawm tau cov lus, tshaj uas puzzled tus poj minds ntawm yav dhau los.