Yuav ua li cas yog lub cycling ntawm qhov teeb meem? Ncig ntawm tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub ecosystem. Scheme voj voog ntawm teeb meem nyob rau hauv cov xwm

Txij thaum pib ntawm peb ntiaj chaw yog lossi noj qhov chaw ntau yam dab ntawm lub zog hloov lwm lub tsev ntawm uas muaj sia nyob thiab ib puag ncig. Nws hloov dua siab tshiab, pauv mus rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv, nws uake mus thiab yog ua li khiav ri dua. Ib yam yuav hais txog tej yam khoom uas ntaub ntawv lub hauv paus ntawm lub neej. Txhua yam ntawm lawv muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov sij hawm, undergoes ntau kev hloov thiab nws thiaj li xa rov qab.

Cov dab muab ib lub tswv yim dab tsi rau hauv lub voj voog ntawm teeb meem nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Lawv cia koj rau lw lub zog ntawm tsis tsuas yog cov pob qij txha, tab sis kuj cov neeg hais. Peb yuav sim kom paub ntau ntxiv nyob rau hauv no qhov teeb meem.

Lub dav tswvyim ntawm kev ntawm tshuaj

Yuav ua li cas yog lub cycling ntawm qhov teeb meem? Qhov no cyclic zaus los ntawm ib daim ntawv mus rau lwm lub, nrog los ntawm ib tug ib nrab tsis tau los yog dissipation, tab sis nrog ib tug tas mus li, ruaj khov ua cim. Xws li tej yam khoom uas los yam khoom ua ib tug series ntawm zaus nyob rau hauv ua sawv, thaum raug hloov ua thiab hloov, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub kawg tseem rov mus rau tus thawj lawm.

Lawm, nrog rau cov zaj uas lub sij hawm yuav ua tau ib co tsis nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm cov kev kawm compound los yog caij. Txawm li cas los, cov kev tswvyim yog qhov thiab kav rau ntau txhiab xyoo.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub ncig ntawm tshuaj yuav tsum tau ua ib qho piv txwv. Qhov yooj yim ntawm lawv - yog lub transformation ntawm cov organic teeb meem. Chiv muaj li ntawm lawv tag nrho cov multicellular creatures. Tom qab kawm tiav ntawm lawv lub neej voj voog lawv decompose lub cev kev muaj sia thiab organic tebchaw rau hauv inorganic. Thaum absorbed, cov tebchaw thiab lwm yam creatures nyob rau hauv lawv lub cev raug txum tim rov qab los rau organic cov ntaub ntawv. Ces tus txheej txheem yog pheej rov qab ua thiab lub voj voog mus rau tag nrho cov sij hawm.

Lub tswvyim ntawm kev ntawm tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov xwm ua rau nws paub tseeb hais tias tsis muaj dab tsi los tawm ntawm tsis pom qhov twg thiab ploj mus rau hauv nowhere. Txhua yam muaj ib pib, kawg thiab intermediate cov ntaub ntawv. Cov no yog cov yooj yim cov kev cai ntawm lub neej. Nws kuj zwm zog. Xav txog cov transformation piv txwv uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub ecosystem, nyob creatures. Thiab kuj yuav to taub hais tias xws li ib lub voj voog ntawm tshuaj raws li ib tug kev caij.

Nyob teeb meem nyob rau hauv cov xwm

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj muaj ntawm lub biosphere - lub neej. Yuav ua li cas yog nws? Qhov no yog ib tug neeg sawv cev xwm. Ua ke, lawv tsim biomass. Nws, ntawm chav kawm, undergoes hloov, yog ib tug neeg sab nrauv rau tag nrho cov ntawm cov txheej txheem uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam.

Kev ntawm nyob teeb meem los ua piv txwv los ntawm cov hauv qab no piv txwv ntawm cov genus.

1. Tus thawj creation, uas ncaj qha ntes lub zog ntawm tshav ntuj thiab hloov nws mus rau hauv tshuaj zog - yog cov nroj tsuag, blue-ntsuab kab mob. Qhov no tshwm sim vim cov xim chlorophyll nyob rau hauv photosynthesis. Tshwm - synthesis ntawm cov organic teeb meem los ntawm inorganic yam. Yog li twb tsim ib tug thawj txuas ntawm cov nyob teeb meem biosphere.
2. Ntxiv muaj cov tsiaj uas yuav tau mus ncaj qha mus pub rau cov nroj tsuag. Raws li zoo raws li omnivores, uas muaj xws li cov neeg zoo li. Lawv haus cov thawj txuas thiab hloov cov organic teeb meem hauv ib tug txawv cov duab - inorganics.
3. Herbivorous creatures raug los ntawm kev noj Carnivores. Txij li thaum lub substance kis twb nyob rau hauv lwm yam kab mob.
4. Tom ntej no tuaj cov kab mob uas muaj peev xwm ua noj carnivorous cov ntaub ntawv. Sab saum toj ua npua. Lawv - lub kawg link nyob rau hauv lub kev ntawm cov organic teeb meem. Tom qab lawv tuag nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm uas nkag mus rau hauv qab no tus kab mob no.
5. Detritus - cov kab mob, fungi, protozoa, uas decompose qhov tuag rov seem ntawm yam uas muaj sia thiab txhais tag nrho cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub inorganic daim ntawv.
6. Cov tebchaw (carbon dioxide, dej thiab mineral ntsev) yog siv dua nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim nroj tsuag organic tebchaw.

Yog li, tam sim no lub voj voog ntawm teeb meem nyob rau hauv cov xwm daim duab qhia hloov dua siab tshiab tivthaiv nyob biosphere. Nws tag nrho cov pib thiab xaus nrog ib tug cog ntawm tib. Tag nrho cov cyclic txheej txheem uas muaj ib tug loj ntawm ceg thiab tendrils complex.

Ncig ntawm tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub ecosystem

Tej ecosystem - nws yog tag nrho cov zej zog ntawm tus kab mob no, ua ke nrog txhua lwm yam kev sib raug zoo nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov khoom noj, raws li tau zoo raws li nyob rau hauv tus ntawm zoo xws li cov ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob.

Ncig ntawm tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub ecosystem yog kev kawm mus rau tej yam ib puag ncig kev cai. Yog li ntawd, tas nruj subordination ntawm lub hwj chim circuits. Txauv zog tshuaj ncig ntawm ntau yam - tag nrho cov no tshwm sim ntawm cov tib neeg tsis pub dhau ib tug muab tej pawg.

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lawv muab faib ua ob peb pab neeg: cov

• producers;
• consuments thawj txiav txim;
• consuments thib ob kev txiav txim;
• consuments peb txiav txim;
• omnivorous kab mob;
• decomposers thiab detritus.

kev sib hloov ntawm tshuaj tswvyim yuav zoo li no:

• tsob nroj (ua) tau muab ib tug organic tshuaj;
• herbivorous tsiaj (consuments thawj thiaj li) converts nws mus rau hauv inorganic thiab lwm yam organics;
• Carnivore (consuments thib ob kev txiav txim) transforms mus rau lwm yam organics;
• ntau dua predator (consuments peb thiaj) dua cov dissipates nws raws li thaum tshav kub kub thiab ib nrab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm concentrates nrog organic tshuaj;
• kab mob xws li kab mob, fungi, thiab lwm yam (los yog decomposers detritophages), cov tuag tsiaj tseem decompose thiab tsim ib tug loj ntawm inorganic tebchaw;
• nroj tsuag nqus inorganics thiab dua tsim los ntawm photosynthesis tooj ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb organic tebchaw, uas uas ua.

tshuaj ecosystem

Obviously, nyob rau hauv ib tug ecosystem nyob rau hauv ze sis yog ob lub ntsiab hom tshuaj: organic thiab inorganic. Ntawm organics yog:

• proteins;
• cov rog;
• carbohydrates.

Inorganic tebchaw muaj xws li:

• dej;
• carbon dioxide;
• mineral ntsev;
• ib tug xov tooj ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb macronutrients.

Ib tug heev ib qho tseem ceeb mob rau cov hauj lwm ntawm tej ecosystem yog ib qhov txaus ntawm cov hnub ci zog. Tom qab tag nrho, cov nroj tsuag muaj peev xwm photosynthesize xwb nyob rau hauv tus mob no. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub zog uas yog nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj bonds tebchaw dissipated li thaum tshav kub kub nyob rau hauv loj txaus ntau. Yog li, cov neeg ua hauj yuav tsis circulate nyob rau hauv tib lub mob tsis muaj ib tug tsis tau.

Scheme voj voog ntawm tshuaj Tiaj Nyom

Tiaj nyom - ib tug tshwj xeeb tej yam ntuj tso cov zej zog. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog dog dig txawv los ntawm tag nrho cov lwm leej lwm tus, xws li forestry. Yuav ua li cas yog cov kev txawv no?

1. Tiaj nyom yeej los ntawm tsuas herbal nroj tsuag uas muaj perennial thiab txhua xyoo grasses tsawg. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lawv txhua txawv. Ntau lub teeb-hlub muaj lub siab txoj kev loj hlob, thiab cov neeg uas yuav nyob rau hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo, tsis muaj.
2. Tsis pub dhau lub zej zog muaj cov tsis muaj loj cov tsiaj qus. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias lawv tsuas muaj tsis muaj chaw khiav nkaum, vim hais tias muaj tsis muaj ntoo.
3. Tej lub sij hawm thaum lub sij hawm hnyav rains tag nrho qhov chaw yog lawm ua tus sau nrog dej meadows. Li no lawv lwm lub npe - dej nyab los yog tej. Nyob rau hauv tej yam tej zaum yuav muaj tsis muaj txhais tau tias tag nrho cov nyob quavntsej.

Yog hais tias peb tham txog qhov sib thooj ntawm lub tiaj nyom thiab hav zoov, piv txwv li, lub zej zog, nws yog tsim nyog mus rau ntsiab lub ntsiab feature: nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si ib cheeb tsam inhabited los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag, kab, nas, noog, cov tsiaj reptiles, amphibians thiab cov tsiaj.

Scheme ncig ntawm tshuaj nyob rau hauv ib lub tiaj nyom yuav muaj cov nram qab no daim ntawv:

• mineral tshuaj thiab dej uas yog ntim ncaj qha los ntawm qhov av cog;
• kab uas pollinate lub paj thiab cia lawv muab, thaum noj mov kua paj ntoo uas yog ua los ntawm cov nroj tsuag organic teeb meem;
• cov noog thiab cov tsiaj, pub rau kab thiab nroj tsuag, uas yog, uas siv cov organic teeb meem;
• kab mob uas decompose tuag seem ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu thiab tso inorganic tshuaj (mineral ntsev, dej, carbon dioxide).

QAUV voj voog pratensis

Tseem ceeb yog tag nrho cov qhov cov kev mus qhia nyob rau hauv tus piv txwv. ncig ntawm tshuaj ntawm lub tiaj nyom - ib tug tsim nyog mob rau lub hav zoov ntawm lub zej zog. Cov av yog tau enriched nrog pab tshuaj thiab ntsiab tsuas yog los ntawm cov kev ua ub ntawm nws cov inhabitants - detritophages kab mob, cua nab, kab thiab lwm yam creatures. Yog tsis muaj tus mob no, cov nroj tsuag yuav tsis muaj inorganics rau photosynthesis thiab kev loj hlob, thiab yog li ntawd yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv luv luv mov thiab organic teeb meem uas lawv tsim. Xws li starch, cellulose, protein, thiab lwm tus neeg. Qhov no yuav txo tau cov naj npawb ntawm cov tsiaj thiab noog, thiab yog li cov organic teeb meem nyob rau hauv feem ntau. Raug kev txom nyem raws li ib tug tshwm sim thiab detritus, li ntawd, disturbed voj voog.

Ncig ntawm tshuaj nyob rau hauv ib lub tiaj nyom yuav los ua piv txwv ntau piv txwv. Peb yuav sim ua kom xws li ib tug tswvyim.

• Mineral ntsev, dej, carbon dioxide, oxygen kov chamomile.
• Muv pollinates xws nroj tsuag thiab noj nws cov paj ntoos, piv txwv li carbohydrates thiab proteins.
• Bee thiab pern peck ntab ua zib thiab haus nws lub cev organic tshuaj (chitin, protein, carbohydrates).
• Tiaj Nyom vole thiab lwm yam me me nas thiab loj hom pub rau ntawm organic tivthaiv ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab kab.
• Kestrel (noog) noj nas tsuag thiab haus cov as-ham.
• Tom qab kev tuag ntawm tag nrho cov tsiaj thiab tej kab poob mus rau hauv av, nyob qhov twg lawv lub cev yog decomposed rau hauv nws cov constituent tebchaw ntawm micro-kab, cua nab, woodlice thiab lwm yam detritus thas.
• Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, cov av yog dua noo nrog inorganic ntsev, dej thiab lwm yam sib txuas uas nqus cog cov hauv paus hniav.

Circuit Court thiab lub hwj chim mov

Kev cov as-ham thiab lub zog, raws li tau muaj tseeb, yog zoo txuam nrog lub tswvyim ntawm ib puag ncig li saw los yog mov network. Tseeb, tej khoom - ib cov khoom khoom uas ua hauj lwm pab raws li lub tsev cov ntaub ntawv uas rau cov tsim ntawm tus yam ntxwv qhov chaw ntawm lub hlwb, ntaub so ntswg thiab kabmob.

Txhua fais fab mov Circuit Court inevitably entails hloov dua siab tshiab thiab cyclic tebchaw. Ib tug txheej txheem ntawm synthesis thiab tej yuav tsum tau disintegration los yog kev tso tawm ntawm tus nqi them evnawsntsis. Thiaj li, nws yog tseem muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog nyob rau hauv cov xwm.

Yog vim li cas yog muaj lub tswvyim ntawm "saw" thiab "mov saw"? Cov tag nrho taw tes yog hais tias lub kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus kab mob no nyob rau hauv tib ib puag ncig pawg yog feem ntau npaum li cas ntau tshaj li ib tug dawb zoo tib yam saw. Tom qab tag nrho, tib neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tsiaj ntiaj teb no yuav ua tau ib tug herbivore thiab predator. Muaj omnivorous kab mob. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, rau ntau nws tsim ib tug sib tw ib puag ncig rau hauv qhuav thiab sustenance, uas kuj muaj feem xyuam rau lub zuag qhia tag nrho lub hom phiaj ntawm kev sib raug zoo hauv biogeocoenose.

Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob hauv cov saw hlau no yog zoo intertwined thiab tsim lub thiaj li hu ua fais fab mov. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb yog tshwm nyob rau hauv lub inhabitants ntawm lub populous chaw: hav zoov, lub pas dej zej zog ntawm cov teb chaws sov forests thiab lwm yam.

Tag nrho cov khoom noj khoom haus saw yuav tsum tau muab faib mus rau hauv ob hom:

• grazing los yog pasture;
• decomposition, los yog detrital.

Lub ntsiab sib txawv nruab nrab ntawm lawv yog tias nyob rau hauv lub yav tas los cov ntaub ntawv, nws tag nrho cov pib nrog lub sia - nroj tsuag. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob - nrog cov neeg tuag seem, quav thiab lwm yam deposits uas ua los ntawm kab mob, cua nab thiab thiaj li nyob.

zog hloov

Zog, raws li zoo raws li tshuaj, niaj ib series ntawm cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm dab nyob rau hauv ecosystems. Tag nrho cov ntawm nws yog muab faib ua ob lub ntsiab hom:

• tshav ntuj;
• tshuaj bonds.

Thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho ntawm lub zog mov saw yog cia li hloov dua siab tshiab los ntawm ib daim ntawv mus rau lwm lub. Yog li muaj ib tug ib nrab tsis tau ntawm nws. Xwb, nws yog npaum nyob rau lub neej dab txhua raug dissipated li thaum tshav kub kub. Uas yog vim li cas nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas lub hnub ci zog raws li ib tug thawj qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov restocking ntawm tej zej zog.

Ncaj qha rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub teeb los ntawm lub hnub, nws muaj peev xwm haus xwb kab mob xws li:

• tsob nroj;
• cov kab mob;
• photosynthetic unicellular.

Tom qab lawv, tag nrho ntawm lub zog mus rau hauv cov nram qab no daim ntawv - cov tshuaj bonds ntawm tebchaw. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no nws haus heterotrophic cov neeg sawv cev los ntawm lub biosphere.

Cov dej voj voog

Peb twb qhia hais tias lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab keeb kwm tseem ceeb heev txoj kev - nws yog ib lub cycling ntawm qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Dej yog qhov inorganic compound, uas tus nqi yog tshwj xeeb yog ib qho tseem ceeb thiab loj. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev uas nws tshwm sim kev, xav txog nyob rau hauv nqe lus dav dav.

1. Ib tug lossis loj npaum li cas ntawm cov dej yog feeb meej nyob rau hauv tus nto ntawm peb ntiaj chaw nyob rau hauv lub reservoirs ntawm ntau hom. Qhov no yog qhov seas thiab oceans, swamps, hav dej, pas dej, ntws, dag lug. Nyob rau saum npoo yog ib qhov evaporation ntawm noo noo, i.e. dej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov pa nkag rau hauv lub ntuj kaaj quas lug.
2. Av raws li nws cov txheej thiab puab ib feem, kuj muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov dej. Qhov no underground los yog cov dej hauv av. Nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lub chav mus rau lub ntuj kaaj quas lug, nrog lub puab khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntws mus rau hauv lub reservoirs, thiab ces evaporated.
3. Condenses nyob rau hauv cov cua, dej maj mam nce mus txog ib tug tshaj plaws thiab pib rov qab mus rau lub ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm nag lossis daus. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, nws yog los daus nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov - los nag.
4. Nroj tsuag yog kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub haum thiab transpiration ntawm dej raws li sneaked los ntawm ib tug lossis loj npaum li ntawm nws.

Yog li, cov dej voj voog, thiab lub voj voog ntawm teeb meem nyob rau hauv cov xwm muab lub cev lub xeev ntawm tej ecosystem, thiab chaw pib ntawm tus kab mob no.

Txoj kev tshawb no ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas lub voj voog nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv elementary

Tias cov me nyuam muaj ib lub tswv yim dab tsi hloov yog cyclical nyob rau hauv cov xwm, qhia rau lawv txog nws yuav tsum tau txawm nrog tus thawj theem ntawm txoj kev kawm. Cov tub hluas yuav tsum muaj kev paub txog dab tsi lub voj voog ntawm teeb meem. Qib 3 - tag tsim nyog lub sij hawm. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no, cov me nyuam yog cov laus txaus siab to taub thiab assimilate cov ntaub ntawv ntawm no zoo.

Nyob rau hauv muaj ntau yam kev kawm pab rau cov sab nraum lub ntiaj teb no yog sawv cev los ntawm ib tug zoo tswvyim, "lub voj voog ntawm teeb meem. 3 chav kawm ntawv." Nws qhia qhov yooj yim hom transformations ntawm dej, ib yam khoom uas cov khoom noj khoom haus saw, uas yog ib qho rau txhua ecosystem.

Yog daim duab voj voog ntawm tshuaj yau cov tub ntxhais kawm tej zaum yuav siv rau hauv daim ntawm: dej thiab mineral tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag - cov organic tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj - dej thiab mineral ntsev tom qab kev tuag ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu.

Txhua theem yuav tsum tau piav qhia los ntawm cov piv txwv thiab ncauj lus kom ntxaws qhia txog cov tsim ntawm ib tug ntshiab kev nkag siab ntawm lub ntuj tshwm sim.