Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug qhuab qhia? Qhuab qhia: txhais thiab hom

Qhuab qhia (lub ntsiab lus - "nyeem" nyob rau hauv Latin) raws li ib tug txoj kev kis tau tus mob los ntawm ib tug neeg cob me nyuam kawm ntawv cia li sawv nyob rau hauv cov hnub, thaum xwb pib los mam philosophy. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub thawj Millennium, nyob rau hauv ib co tsim lub teb chaws (Tuam Tshoj, Is Nrias teb, Hellas, lub European lub xeev) siv los qhuab qhia nyob rau tib lub sij hawm kawm ib tug ntau ntawm cov neeg los ntawm ib tug kws qhia ntawv.

Txij li thaum cov phau ntawv nyob rau hauv cov hnub twb tsis tshua muaj kim thiab tsis tshua muaj tej yam, cov hauj lwm ntawm lub lecturer los ua pej xeem kev nyeem ntawv los yog los ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm zaum los ntawm lub cim xeeb.

Niaj hnub no, yuav luag txhua leej txhua tus paub hais tias xws li ib tug qhuab qhia, vim hais tias cov ntsiab lus thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm txoj kev tsis tau hloov. Cov xib fwb ntawm theem nrab thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv thoob plaws hauv enjoying nws zoo, yeej muaj kev txhim kho thiab ntxiv lawv tus kheej txoj kev.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub qhuab qhia: lub ntsiab lus thiab daim ntawv thov

Delving rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub sij hawm, nws yuav tau hais tias lub qhuab qhia yuav tsum hu rau no txoj kev ntawm qhia cov ntaub ntawv, uas muaj ib tug slim zajlus kom qauv, ua los ntawm lub foundations ntawm muaj quag thiab tsaug thiab meej meej qhia cov kev kawm.

Lub ntsiab tivthaiv ntawm feem ntau cov kev kawm cov kev pab cuam - ib tug qhuab qhia. Nws lub hom phiaj yog mus rau:

• Kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws cov lus qhia txog ib tug muab lub ntsiab lus.
• Pab nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub tsum muaj teeb meem ntawm lub chav kawm.
• Simplifying tus txheej txheem ntawm mastering txoj kev ntawm kev txawj ntse.
• Lub popularization ntawm qhov tseeb tau ntawm niaj hnub scientific thought.

lectures zog

Tom qab kev kawm cov ntaub ntawv muab teev tseg saum toj no, nws tseem tau mus sau cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia: methodological, koom haum, xov xwm. Tej zaum qhov no txoj kev ntawm kev kawm ua lub tsuas muaj, piv txwv li, yog hais tias muaj yog tsis muaj cov phau ntawv thiab phau ntawvtes. Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub periphery thiab nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshiab kev kawm ntawv.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug qhuab qhia - nws yog ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm qhib lub conceptual apparatus ntawm ib tug teb ntawm science los yog kev txawj ntse, raws li zoo raws li nws cov teeb meem. Nws yog peev xwm muab ib tug ua tiav daim duab ntawm dab tsi yog qhov essence ntawm cov kev kawm, thiab mus qhia yuav ua li cas nws yog sib thooj, nrog rau lwm cov sciences. Qhuab qhia muab ib tug yooj yim lub moj khaum rau kev siv ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev kawm ua ub no xws li ib lub rooj, kuaj thiab cov tswv yim kev kawm ntawv, kawm thiab ib tug tswv yim sib cav project, kev sib tham, kev kuaj, kuaj.

zoo ntawm txoj kev

Tsis muaj ib tug qhia ntawv thiab cov hom phiaj kawm ntawv yog yooj yim sua kom ib tug ncaj ncees tswv yim ntawm yog dab tsi lub qhuab qhia. Zoo li lwm yam kev kws qhia ntawv txais tos, nws muaj pros thiab cons. Xav txog lub ntsiab kev pab:

1. Nws yog lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub lecturer yog los npaj thiab tswj tau ib lub chav kawm ntawv tawm. Qhov no txhais tau tias cov kev kawm muaj ib tug meej system, thiab lub slightest hloov los ntawm lub sij hawm teem kev npaj yuav ua sai sai tshem tawm.
2. Qhuab qhia - yog ib txoj kev zoo ntawm ib lub sij hawm kom dhau cov ntaub ntawv rau ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg. Yog li, muaj ib tug ncaj loj cov neeg tuaj saib kev pab them nqi.
3. Siv xws li ib tug system yuav txo tau cov nqi ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv qib ib tus menyuam kawm ntawv. Qhov no yog vim rau kom yooj yim rau tus txheej txheem ntawm kev qhia ntawv.

Drawbacks ntawm lub qhuab qhia kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov ntaub ntawv system

Xaiv lub lectures raws li ib tug txoj kev kis yooj yim kev txawj ntse rau cov menyuam kawm, thawj coj ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum tau paub hais tias nws muaj ib co kev nta.

Hais tias txoj kev kawm yog tiag tiag zoo, ib tug lecturer yuav tsum muaj xwb tsis tsim nyog cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev, tab sis kuj muaj peev xwm los qhia. Muaj ntau yuav nco ntsoov lub nrov ntawm cov me nyuam kawm ntawv cov dab neeg hais txog boring thiab ntev lectures. Needless hais, tias cov ntaub ntawv dictated monotone lub suab tsis raug lub cim suab, tsis yog digestible? Qhov teeb meem no zoo daws xib fwb kev cob qhia oratorical kev txawj.

Lwm feature lus dag nyob rau hauv lub heev tswvyim ntawm yog dab tsi lub qhuab qhia: nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb nws yog ib tug monologue. Maximum kev sib txuas lus ntawm lecturer thiab cov menyuam kawm ntawv yog teb cov lus nug nyiag ua los ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv. Txawm li cas los, raws li ib tug txoj cai, cov teg num los ntawm listeners tsis tshua. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, ib tug yuav soj ntsuam uas tsis muaj kev koom tes ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm, tsis muaj kev ua si thiab theem ntawm assimilation ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.

Hom ntawm lectures: yam ntxwv introductory qhuab qhia

Nyob ntawm seb lub hom phiaj, lub hom phiaj thiab style ntawm lub yog ob peb lub ntsiab hom lectures:

• Introduction.
• Cov Ntaub Ntawv.
• Sightseeing.
• Txog cov teeb meem.
• Duab.
• Binary.
• Conference.
• Kev sib tham.

Introductory lectures yuav muab, muab ib tug thawj lub tswv yim ntawm li cas yuav muab lub tsev kawm ntawv kev kawm. Vim li no, cov tub ntxhais kawm muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau lawv txoj kev nyob rau hauv lub system rau yav tom ntej hauj lwm. Cov neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm lub lecturer tau txais paub cov menyuam kawm ntawv hom phiaj tseem ceeb thiab cov hom phiaj ntawm lub chav kawm. Nws qhia rau peb txog nws lub luag hauj lwm thiab qhov chaw nyob rau hauv cov kev qhuab qhia system.

Cov menyuam kawm ntawv tau txais ib txoj kev ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej kev kawm, kawm txog cov milestones ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm science thiab kev xyaum, raws li zoo raws li hais tias ntawm lub zaum uas ua ib qho tseem ceeb achievements, thiab thaum nws ua li. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub introductory qhuab qhia yuav qhov kev nthuav qhia ntawm pheej chaw ntawm kev tshawb fawb.

Tsis tas li ntawd lecturer piav qhia rau cov tub ntxhais kawm dab tsi nws txhais tau hais tias qhuab qhia thiab lwm yam koom haum ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov kev kawm ntawv. Nws cov ntsiab lus tawm li cas ntaub ntawv uas lawv yuav tsum tau siv, thaum twg thiab nyob rau hauv dab tsi daim ntawv coj cov ntaub ntawv.

Sightseeing, cov ntaub ntawv thiab lwm yam lectures

Qhuab qhia-ntaub ntawv hu tej txheej xwm, lub hom phiaj uas yog kom qhia cov tub ntxhais kawm txog tej yam kev kawm. Lecturer nyob rau hauv kev los yog xav paub ntxiv ntaem thiab piav rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv scientific ntaub ntawv uas yuav tsum to taub thiab cim lawv. Feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm cov kev ua ub, txhua tus menyuam kawm ntawv ua kev qhuab qhia sau ntawv, uas luv luv captures lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws lub sij hawm ntawm qhov kev kawm. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov lus qhia lectures yog ib tug ib txwm hom.

Review qhuab qhia aims systematize paub txog kev ib theem siab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yuav ib tug feature ntawm lub loj pes tsawg tus ntawm cov koom haum, muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv kev ua kev txiav txim zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Feem ntau daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas lectures tsis muab ntau thiab ncauj lus kom ntxaws, lawv yog tsim los inflate intrasubject thiab interdisciplinary sib txuas.

Txheej xwm uas lub lecturer yog siv nrig txog kev pom ntawm txoj kev conveying cov khoom xa lectures imaging los yog video lectures. Cov hauj lwm ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv ua ib tug raws sij hawm tawm tswv yim pom clips, cov duab los slides. Qhov no txoj kev uas cuag tau kev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv uas siv nyob rau hauv txoj kev xyaum ntawm ntau cov tsev kawm ntawv uas muab humanitarian los yog kev kawm ntawv.

Binary - ib qho kev nthuav zoo ntawm lectures nyob rau hauv uas cov menyuam kawm ntawv muaj es tsis txhob ntawm monologue kev sib tham ntawm ob tug xib hwb. Feem ntau, txhua yam uas lawv sawv cev rau ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib scientific lub tsev kawm ntawv los yog defends ib tug lub tswv yim rau cov kawm nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas.

Qhuab qhia Rooj Sab Laj: nws yog thiab yuav ua li cas nws txawv ntawm lwm yam

Thaum cov kev tshwm sim yuav siv sij hawm rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm scientific thiab cov tswv yim kev kawm ntawv, uas yog, muaj yog pre-nyiag teeb meem thiab lub system ntawm qhia, nws yog hu ua ib tug qhuab qhia lub rooj sib tham. Nqe lus uas comprise xws li ib tug qhuab qhia, muaj kev cai nruj heev zajlus kom qauv (nkag teb chaws, qhov tseem ceeb, tso zis). Lawv kawm nyob rau hauv ua ntej rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm cov hauj lwm yog muab los ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv. Cov tshwm sim ntawm tag nrho cov has lug hab yuav txhij txhua kev pab them nqi ntawm qhov teeb meem. Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub lecturer yog txo mus rau lub formulation ntawm cov lus xaus thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws tus kheej npaj ntawv. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws complements thiab clarifies rau tam sim no cov ntaub ntawv.

Tseem ntawm lectures, pej

Muaj ntau ntau scenarios ntawm no hom ntawm lectures:

1. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thawj cov qauv ntawm cov kev tshwm sim haum rau hauv lub tswvyim ntawm "lo lus nug - lo lus teb". Xib Fwb thoob plaws lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm allotted rau cov chav kawm ntawv, teb cov tub ntxhais kawm cov lus nug (hais txog ib lub seem los yog tag nrho cov hoob kawm).
   
2. Qhov thib ob xaiv yuav schematically sawv cev raws li ib tug "lo lus nug - cov lus teb / kev sib tham". Qhov no peculiar ua ke ntawm peb hais: cov lus pib cov khoom tshiab, seb puas tsimnyog tau ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov teeb meem thiab tsa ib lub kev sib tham rau cov lus teb. Tab sis tsis txhob xav yuam kev rau no hom ntawm ua ntawv cov ntaub ntawv rau lwm tus, raws li muaj qhov sib txawv los ntawm lub lectures thiab kev kawm seminars.

Qauv thiab seem ntawm classical lectures

Feem ntau, cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov lecturer muaj ob peb qhov chaw: kev taw qhia, lub ntsiab ntsiab lus thiab xaus.

Cov kev taw qhia no yog tsim los tsim kom muaj kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov npe uas twb tau kawm. Ntawm no tsis nyuaj hom phiaj thiab kev ua tau zoo hom phiaj, thiab nws yog ib lub hom phiaj. Tej zaum nyob rau hauv seem no qhia ib daim ntawv teev cov chaw siv nyob rau hauv cov kev npaj, tab sis ntau zaus nws yog sab laug mus rau xaus. Introduction yuav siv sij hawm tsis ntau tshaj li 5-8 feeb.

Qhov thib ob yog ib feem (lub ntsiab ntsiab lus) yog lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab muaj nuj nqis kauj ruam qhuab qhia. Ntawm no, cov xib fwb qhia cov tseem ceeb cov tswv yim thiab kev tshawb xav ntawm qhov teeb meem, pib txawv cov ntsiab lus ntawm view, muab tus nqi txiav txim.

Qhov kawg ib feem ntawm txhua tus qhuab qhia yog muab rau kwvyees thiab cov lus xaus rau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muab. Ces nws yog nthuav tom ntej no qhuab qhia cov khoom, thiab muab qhia rau cov neeg sab nraud ua hauj lwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm.