Yuav ua li cas yog cov hydroponic system? Hauj lwm ntawm lub ntsiab hom hydroponic systems. Hydroponics system nrog lawv tus kheej txhais tes

Loj hlob zaub tshiab - nws tsis yog tsuas pab tau, tab sis kuj yog ib tug muaj txiaj ntsim tshwm sim. Rau cov niaj hnub nroog puag ncig nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau xav txog tej yam ib tug ib txwm siv daim av. Feem ntau cov feem ntau nws yog tsev cog khoom ua liaj ua teb. Ntxiv mus, lub teb chaws rau zaub, tshuaj ntsuab, paj thiab lwm yam zaub tshiab yog tsis nyob rau hauv Vogue. Tag nrho cov ntau hydroponic systems.

tswv yim

Yog li ntawd, yog dab tsi raws nraim yog hydroponics? Xa mus rau daim ntawv lo lus, peb pom cov Greek "dej" thiab "ua hauj lwm". Cia, nws puv tawm - "dej ua hauj lwm". Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, cov dej ntshiab yog tsis siv. Nws yog hais txog aqueous dlaws nrog cov as-ham. Ib tug hydroponic system - qhov no yog ib qho artificially tsim tej yam kev mob rau cov sau qoob rau ntsuab khoom nkaus tsis muaj av. Tej zaum kuj muaj yog ib qho substrate yog hais tias nws tsis. Nyob rau hauv no, qhia hais tias muaj ntau hom tshuab rau hydroponics.

Nyob rau hauv lub substrate to taub lub substance los yog cov ntaub ntawv uas nyob rau hauv uas cov hauv paus hniav ntawm loj hlob nroj tsuag. Lub substrate nyob rau hauv hydroponics cov txwv mus rau lub txwm kab lis kev cai ntawm lub teb chaws. Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog ib tug xuab zeb, peat, txhab av nplaum, thiab nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub - txawm cia li huab cua. Lug siv mineral wool rau hydroponic systems. Lub ntsiab sib txawv nruab nrab ntawm tus substrate los ntawm qhov av uas nws tsis pub cov nroj tsuag, tab sis ua hauj lwm pab tsuas yog raws li ib daim ntawv qhia rau cov pub tov.

Tseem ceeb cov ntsiab lus txhais, muaj peev xwm kawm hydroponic systems yog "ib txoj lw ntsiab" thiab "theem ntawm pH». Micronutrients - dab tsi yog yuav tsum tau txhua tsob nroj nyob rau hauv ib feem. Nyob rau txhua theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob koj lub teeb ntawm ib txoj lw ntsiab yuav tsum tau rau txhua tus qoob loo. Ib tug pH theem ntawm acidity tso cai los txhais thiab tsim cov kev tsim nyog rau txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev noj haus tej yam kev mob.

ib qho tseem ceeb zoo

Hydroponic systems muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm zoo dua cov pa txoj kev ua liaj ua teb cov kev coj, xws li:

1. Lub laaj ntawm kev loj hlob. Vim rau qhov pub, cov nroj tsuag tsim tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Yeej yuav muaj tsis muaj dej lossis rainy hnub. loj hlob tej yam kev mob yog khaws cia nyob rau ntawm ib optimum theem thiab paaj.
2. Accelerated txoj kev loj hlob thiab maturation. Txij li thaum lub hwj chim yog nkag nyob rau hauv ib tug tas mus hom, thiab kuj yuav siv sij hawm mus rau hauv tus account lub kev loj hlob kev voj voog, cov nroj tsuag muaj ib tug heightened pace. Thiab yog hais tias nyob rau hauv cov xwm muaj ntau ntau yam kev txwv (rau tus xov tooj ntawm tshav ntuj hnub ntawm cov khoom noj, nyob rau hauv acidity ntawm cov regimes), nyob rau hauv hydroponics zoo tsis muaj leej twg. Thiab cog ntau thiab tsawg pab yog tsuas los ntawm cov kev cai tso cia txhob.
3. Muaj peev xwm mus teem sij hawm. Cov kev ntawm txoj kev loj hlob thiab maturation yuav xam thiab twv seb uas tsimnyog raug.

Ib tug ntau yam ntawm hom ntawm hydroponics

Muab ntau yam ntawm yam uas tswj cov txheej txheem ntawm tsob nroj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv hydroponics, muaj ntau ntau yam systems thiab hom kev kawm. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, muaj cov rau ntsiab qhov chaw, nyob rau hauv lawv lub "passive" thiab "active".

Qhov yooj yim - wick. Lub hauv paus hauv paus - lo lus "wick". Qhov no yog ua raws cov mov ntawm as tshuaj los ntawm cov wicks. Thaum zoo li no hnav khaub ncaws yog nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib txog ntsha thiab pub rau cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov nroj tsuag los ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab txhais tau tias nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub capillary nyhuv. Qhov no txoj kev ntawm mov yog qhov nyuaj thiab pheej yig tshaj. Qhov no system yog "passive", uas yog khiav ntawm nws tus kheej. Ib tug xav tau kev pab xwb los saib xyuas qhov theem ntawm cov as daws nyob rau hauv lub tank thiab tag nrho.

nrog irrigation

Cov kev khiav hauj lwm kuj yog nyob ze rau qhov wicking system, tsuas cov zaub mov yog tau txais kev pab tsis ntawm nws tus kheej, tab sis los ntawm kev quab yuam ntawm txia irrigation. Rau lub hom phiaj no muaj tseem yog ib lub taub ntim ntawm cov tshuaj thiab lub raj txuas lub twj tso kua mis nrog nroj tsuag. Rau kev tswj cov khiav yog ib tug yooj yim timer. Muaj ob variants ntawm txia irrigation:

• Reversible hom, xws li nrog lub hwj chim tshuaj yog siv dua. Technically, nws yog siv los ntawm lub dab ntxuav tes los ntawm cov tais nrog rau cov nroj tsuag rov qab mus rau hauv lub thawv nrog lub hnav khaub ncaws. Qhov no embodiment, nyob rau hauv ib tes, yog xav paub ntau yig, rau lwm cov tes - yuav tsum tau ntau kom them rau cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv pH qhia.
• Tsis reversible hom. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub as tshuaj dhau los ntawm lub substrate thiab pub cov nroj tsuag keeb kwm, zwm fused. Nws yuav tsum tau tsawg lub sij hawm tab sis kim.

Hydroponics periodic dej nyab

Sau qoob rau hauv ib lub hydroponic system ntawm no hom yog cov me nyuam ntawm as tshuaj los ntawm cov nroj tsuag mus rau lub substrate ntawm ua mib predetermined timer. Feed twj tso kua mis minerals ua, thiab tom qab txiav pub tov yog drained rov qab thiab ces yog siv. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub zoo ntawm cov keeb kwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag lawm aerated, uas yog noo nrog oxygen. Ntawm cov shortcomings ntawm xws li ib tug txoj kev yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg nyob tos rau lub twj tso kua mis, thiab chaw pib rau hluav taws xob. Tom qab tag nrho, yog tias lub sij hawm tsis ua lub hwj huam mov, cov hauv paus hniav cia li qhuav li. Qhov no shortcoming muaj feem xyuam rau tag nrho cov active hydroponic system.

Classical system ntawm as txheej

Ib tug qauv nyob rau hauv hydroponic as txheej ntau. Ntawm no, tsis zoo li yav dhau los version, tsis xav tau ib tug timer. Nourishing kua ntws los ntawm lub substrate rau cov nroj tsuag ib tug kwj nruam. Yuav tsum tau acidity theem qhia tau tswj pH, txij li thaum cov tshuaj yog daim nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog.

Nroj tsuag zus no txoj kev loj hlob heev ceev ceev, tab sis lawv muaj ntau "maj". Nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug hnav khaub ncaws sai sai lwj thiab tej zaum yuav tuag. Yuav kom tiv thaiv tsis kaj siab ntau yog kindly thov kom tuaj koom lub backup qhov chaw ntawm hluav taws xob. Nws tseem yog tseem ceeb rau tus siv lub substrate, sau ib ya thiab kev noj haus, xws li txiv maj phaub fibers.

Dej Culture

Cov qauv no yog tsim rau cov sau qoob rau dej-hlub nroj tsuag. Vim nyob no cov keeb kwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag no nyob txhua lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv cov kua. Nws zoo li ib tug floating platform nyob rau hauv lub as tov ntawm lub ua npuas ncauj, uas yog txuas mus rau cov nroj tsuag. Lub system no kuj "active", raws li cov twj tso kua mis yog siv rau aeration. Yuav kom qhia tau tias, koj yuav tau yooj yim hloov lub qub thoob dej yug ntses. Ntawm cov shortcomings sau ib tug me me muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm nroj tsuag tsiaj uas yuav zus nyob rau hauv no txoj kev.

aeroponics

Tib txoj kev nyob rau hauv hydroponics, qhov twg lub substrate yog huab cua. Fais fab mov yog ua rau cov keeb kwm ntawm cov dej pos huab nroj tsuag. Cov nroj tsuag lawv tus kheej yog tsau ntawm ib tug tej theem ntawm tus nto thiab saib dai nyob rau hauv cov huab cua. Aeroponics yuav tsum tau ceev faj xam thiab high-zoo khoom. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub hwj chim tsis ua hauj lwm los yog tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm tej khoom siv nroj tsuag yog nyob rau high school uas muaj feem yuav.

Qhov zoo yam ntawm no yog cov tau ntawm kev tsim ib siab cia systems. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv cov huab cua yog heev tas tsob nroj paug, uas tej zaum yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub substrate. Aeroponics muab piv nrog rau lwm cov systems, nco ntsoov qhov ntau yig siv ntawm cov dej. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib tug muaj zog aeration txhawb thaum ntxov loj hlob thiab maturation ntawm cov nroj tsuag.

Hydroponics nyob rau hauv qhov kev lag luam

Muaj hydroponic systems yog lug siv nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam nroog, thiab kuj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob qhov twg muaj tsis muaj tau ntawm kev siv av. Nws yog Kwv yees hais tias, nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog ib tug standard hydroponic ua liaj ua teb yuav ua tau 20-fold nce nyob rau hauv ntau lawm. Yog, thaum koj khiav cov nqi ntawm cov system yuav txaus. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm kev tswj hydroponic ua liaj ua teb yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb kev txawj ntse, tsis muaj uas ib tug kaj thiab exuberant zaub ntsuab yuav sai sai tuaj rau hauv disrepair. Txawm li cas los, tag nrho cov tsis zoo nyob deb outweighed qhov zoo yam:

• high loo nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm;
• kev pab txuag nyiaj;
• hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm cov kab mob thiab weeds;
• yam tsawg kawg nkaus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm.

Piv txwv li, qhov yuav tsum tau rau cov zaub yog li ntawd siab nyob rau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, txawm muaj ntawm lawv tus kheej teb, cov khoom muaj mas los ntawm nyob sib ze Mexico thiab Canada. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm muaj hydroponic teb nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm 25 hectares. Tseem muaj ib tug neeg ntiav teb, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv ntau coj qhov chaw ntawm 0.5 hectares.

Hydroponics nyob rau hauv lub tsev

Tam sim no lub tsev hydroponic tshuab yog muaj chaw. Thiab nws attracts ib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv tsev kom sai loj hlob noj qab nyob zoo khoom. Nws yog to taub hais tias hydroponics yuav tsis hloov tus kheej zajlus, uas muab feem ntau ntawm nws yog tus ncaj ncees siab, tsis tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug qoob loo. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav pib loj hlob nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv tsev, muaj tsawg kawg yog ob txoj kev: yog yuav ib tug npaj txhij-ua cov khoom ua txhua yam li koj tus kheej. Hydroponic system, tsim los ntawm lawv tus kheej txhais tes - ib tug ntau tshwm sim, tab sis troublesome.

Thaum nws los txog rau ua noj ua haus khoom siv yog ib tug tshaj plaws. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, peb thiaj tsuas nruab nws nyob rau hauv ib tug haum qhov chaw, npaj ib tug tov rau lub hydroponic system thiab khiav. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nws tus kheej-ntau lawm yog ib qho tseem ceeb los npaj tag nrho cov ntsiab ntawm lawv tus kheej. Yuav ua li cas yuav nws coj? Feem ntau cov feem ntau nws yog:

• thawv rau lub as daws nyob rau tus nqi ntawm kwv yees li 3 litres ib cov nroj tsuag;
• twj tso kua mis (haum thoob dej yug ntses tau yooj yim yog hwj chim);
• tsim rau cov nroj tsuag;
• ib tug substrate;
• teem ntawm hoses.

Nyob rau hauv txhua yas yuav siv tau raws li ib tug ntim thawv. Thaum npaj ib tug loj system yog zoo teem ntau flasks txog li 50 litres, dua li ib tug loj ib tug. Ntim yuav tsum opaque (tiv thaiv kom txhob flowering tshuaj). Yog hais tias qhov no yog tsis nyob rau hauv tes, cov kev pab yuav tuaj xim. Nroj tsuag conveniently ruaj nyob rau hauv huam rau seedlings. Yuav kom qhov no daws nyob rau hauv lub ntim nrog machined qhov yuav cia siab tias tom qab kho cov seedlings ntawm lub hauv qab thiab cov tshuaj tseem tshuav huab cua.

Thaum tag nrho cov kev npaj ua, koom ua ke. Seedlings nyob rau hauv lub ntim nrog lub substrate, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, yog tsau nyob rau hauv ib tug as tshuaj tank. Siv hoses yog tsim los ob-txoj kev sib txuas lus nruab nrab ntawm cov twj tso kua mis thiab cov thawv. Ib tug kab mus rau pub tus lwm yam, yog li ntawd-hu ua "tank kab" - mus ntws. Lub thawv nyob rau hauv uas cov khoom noj yog tau txais kev pab yuav tsum tau npaj nrog ib tug nqes hav rau tej yam ntuj tso kua thiab kev tag nrho nrog mineral Cheebtsam ntawm cov tshuaj.

Ib me ntsis ntawm Science News for KIDS

Rau ib tug muaj tseeb thiab kom txoj kev loj hlob ntawm txhua tus nroj qhov tseem ceeb xws li phosphorus, poov tshuaj, nitrogen, poov hlau, magnesium thiab sulfur. Nyob rau hauv me me nqi yuav tsum tau noj manganese, hlau, zinc, molybdenum, boron, tshuaj thiab tooj liab. Nco ntsoov hais tias fertilizer rau hydroponic nruab nrog lawv tus kheej txhais tes ua nyob rau hauv nruj proportions. Nws yog yuav tsum tau tom qab ua noj ua haus yuav tsum saib xyuas pH nqi ntawm cov tshuaj.

Cov kev txiav txim zoo tshaj nyob rau hauv lub hydroponic as tshuaj yuav tsum tau suav hais tias. Yuav ua li cas yuav tsum tau kom zoo xaiv ua ke ntawm tag nrho cov tseem ceeb ib txoj lw ntsiab, yuav nyob ntawm seb yuav luag txhua yam. Rau ntau hom kev xws li ib tug ua ke ntawm ntau yam sib txawv. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv tej yam lub sij hawm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob yuav tsum tau ib tug incremental nce ntawm Cheebtsam.

Nutrient kev daws teeb meem nyob rau hauv hydroponics

Muaj ob txoj kev. Nyob rau hauv thawj cia li yuav txoj cai set ntawm ib txoj lw ntsiab thiab chiv rau hydroponic systems, thiab txhua yam yog diluted nyob rau hauv lub proportions qhia. Dej yog pom zoo kom noj cov boiled los yog distilled. Thaum koj tus kheej uas yuav koj muaj peev xwm coj ib tug dog dig tswm kais. Ces cias tswj cov muaj pes tsawg leeg hloov, ntxiv, thiab tej lub sij hawm tom qab ntawd - hloov. Qhov kev xaiv no yog heev yooj yim, tab sis nws yog ib yam nqi.

Nyob rau hauv lwm cov ntaub ntawv, koj yuav tau npaj ib tug tov rau ib tug hydroponic system nrog lawv tus kheej txhais tes. Ntawm cov npaj txhij-ua zaub mov txawv, koj muaj peev xwm xaiv ob txoj kev xaiv uas haum rau ntau hom kev ntawm cov nroj tsuag.

1. Ib tug tov rau cov nroj tsuag thiab deciduous qeeb loj hlob: 2 teaspoons poov tshuaj ntsev, 2.5 - poov tshuaj nitrate, 4.5 - calcium nitrate thiab 4 - magnesium sulfate yaj nyob rau hauv 40 litres ntawm cov dej. Yuav kom qhov no tov yog ntxiv yaj nyob rau hauv 1 liter ntawm dej 1.25 diav ntawm boric acid, 1/10 diav manganese chloride. Qhov kawg tivthaiv yog ntxiv 4/5 me nyuam diav chelate hlau nyob rau hauv 1.6 liv cov dej.
2. Tshuaj rau loj hlob zaub thiab hlub lub teeb: 2 teaspoons poov tshuaj ntsev, 4 - poov tshuaj nitrate, 4.5 - calcium nitrate thiab 4 - magnesium sulfate nyob rau hauv 40 litres ntawm cov dej. Ces tus ob lub ntsiab ntxiv boric acid, manganese chloride thiab chelate hlau raws li tau piav saum toj no.

xaus

Hydroponics - ib tug pheej kev taw qhia rau zus tau tej cov zaub tshiab nyob rau hauv lub muaj thiab nyob rau hauv lub tsev. Hydroponic hom kev kawm tau zoo nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm txoj kev loj hlob thiab tagnrho cov ntau lawm. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, tso cai rau koj mus kiag li automate txoj kev los yog txo kev pab tib neeg mus rau ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus. Sau kom tiav poob lawm rau mineral as daws thiab chiv rau hydroponic systems yog lug siv txawm nyob rau hauv thaj chaw. Dua li ntawm qhov khees complexity, lub hydroponic system yog tau xa raws li tiav cov khoom, thiab ib tug ntau ntawm kev lom zem rau lub tswvyim thiab kev kho mob.