Yuav ua li cas ua lub cwj mem qhuav? cwj mem qhuav lawm

Cwj mem qhuav uas peb siv los ntawm kindergarten. Tab sis ob peb tug rau peb paub yuav ua li cas ua ib tug cwj mem, ib co ntoo yog siv rau lub hom phiaj no. Nws yog noteworthy tias cov creation ntawm cov ntawv sau cov khoom yog ua rau txhua tus nyob rau nws tus kheej Hoobkas. Tab sis, thaum muaj ib co ntau yam teeb meem uas yog tseem ceeb rau cov ntau lawm txheej txheem.

Yuav ua li cas tsob ntoo?

Classical ntoo mem hluav muaj ib qho tseem ceeb tivthaiv - cov ntoo uas los ntawm tus zoo ntawm lub lag luam ntawm lub accessory yog nyob. Nws yog tseeb hais tias tsis yog txhua tsob ntoo no yog tsim rau lub hom phiaj no. Nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm, nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam yuav siv ntoo virdizhnskogo los yog liab cedar, uas yog hais txog mus rau lub qub junipers. Ntev fiber, tsis tuaj kawm ntawv ntawm cov pob caus ntawd, yooj yim uas tuav - tias yog dab tsi attracts xim nyob rau hauv no cov ntaub ntawv uas. Tab sis nyob rau hauv view ntawm lub high school tus nqi ntawm European thiab American hom, ua cwj mem qhuav, pib siv ntoo cedar California. Thiab nyob rau qhov no vim los tsim cov khoom zoo uas yog siv nyob rau hauv lub graphic thiab artistic hom phiaj.

Nyob rau hauv feem ntau tus neeg mob, cwj mem qhuav ua los ntawm Alder, Basswood, ntoo thuv, Siberian ntoo thuv thiab California, raws li zoo raws li ib tug tsawg ntoo raws li jelutong. Ntawm txhua txhua tsob ntoo ntawm tus cwj mem qhuav ua nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws? Nyob rau hauv feem ntau tus neeg mob, Alder thiab linden, uas yog nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Russia ib tug lossis loj npaum li cas.

Alder tsis yog lub feem ntau check cov ntaub ntawv uas, tab sis nws muaj ib tug niaj hnub qauv, uas yuav ua rau yooj yim cov ua thiab preserves lub ntuj tej yam ntuj tso xim. Raws li rau lub txiv qaub, nws muaj raws li tag nrho cov kev ua tau zoo uas yuav tsum tau, thiab yog li ntawd siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua thiab pheej yig, thiab nws kim heev mem hluav. Vim zoo viscosity khoom nrees tuav cov hlau lead.

Cim los tsim tus cwj mem qhuav khoom - cedar, uas yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv Russia. Nws yog noteworthy uas siv tsis yog ib tug noj qab nyob zoo ntoo thiab yam khoom uas tsis tau muaj walnut.

Qws: dab tsi hauv paus?

Raug cwj mem qhuav ua siv ib tug tshwj xeeb pas nrig. Graphitic lead muaj peb yam - graphite, muaj hmoov quav thiab sludge, uas yog feem ntau ntxiv organic binders. Ntxiv mus, graphite yog ib tug mus tas tivthaiv, nrog rau cov nqaij daim tawv, raws li nws yoojyim rau cov hlau lead hauv qab no daim ntawv.

Cov rods yog ua los ntawm tib zoo npaj loj, uas muaj ib tug tej yam kub thiab humidity. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tias lub sib tov tsis qhuav li, raws li qhov no yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam cov coj thiab tsim kua muag ntawm cov khoom. Do khob noom cookie tshwj xeeb pwm, ces dhau los ntawm cov khoom nrog qhov, uas ua rau loj-zoo li mij. Cov mij tsim nyob rau hauv lub thooj voos kheej kheej, lub pas nuv ntses ntawm uas yog extruded. Seem lawv tsuas cig nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb crucibles. Ces tus rods yog raug rho tawm haujlwm, thiab tom qab ntawd ua zhirovki: pores tsim nyob rau hauv siab thiab hauv ib lub kub yog lawm ua tus sau nrog roj, ib tug siv quav ciab los stearine.

Yuav ua li cas xaum? Ntawm no, yuav tsum muaj qhov sib txawv yog, dua, ib tug pas nrig uas yog ua los ntawm pigments, fillers, thiab fatliquoring Cheebtsam ntawm lub phau ntawv. Muaj pas nrig lawm txheej txheem yog raws li nram no:

• manufactured rods stacked nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb grooves nyob rau hauv lub rooj tsavxwm thiab yog them nrog ib tug thib ob cov quav hniav;
• Ob leeg laug cam yog glued ua ke nrog dawb kua nplaum, lub pas nrig tsis lo;
• xaus Glued slats yog mus raws li;
• kev npaj yuav ua li cas, uas yog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm rog nyob rau hauv lub ntoos sib xyaw twb muaj.

Nws yog noteworthy uas zus tau tej cov cwj mem qhuav ua noj mus rau hauv tus account tus neeg thaj chaw ntawm cov khoom. Yog li ntawd, pheej yig yog tsis tsim los ntawm cov ntoo ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws zoo, raws nraim tib yam - tsis zoo tshaj plaws zoo - thiab lub plhaub. Tab sis lub cwj mem qhuav, uas yog siv rau cov artistic cov hom phiaj, ua los ntawm cov siab zoo ntoo, uas muaj ib tug dual sizing.

Theem ntawm kev npaj ntawm ntoo

Siv thiab ua cov cwj mem qhuav raug zoo-xaiv ntoo, uas yog ua los tsim tuav. Nco ntsoov ua tus ntoo khaub lig txiav tus tuav ntawm qhov ntev ntawm ib tug cwj mem, thiab koj yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account lub nyiaj, raws li yuav muaj shrinkage ntawm cov khoom. Thaum ib tug tshwj xeeb Multiblade machines ua sawing tuav rau ntawm cov phiaj, uas yog raug rau impregnation nrog paraffin nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb autoclaves. Qhov no txoj kev yuav pab tau los txhim kho lub txhua yam khoom rau yav tom ntej siv.

Nyob ntawm seb dab tsi nws yog tsim los ntawm xaum xim, yuav tsum tau ua thiab nws cov hliav. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias cov zoo huv si tej daim tau yog hais tias cov khoom no yog ua los ntawm cov ntoo thuv, cedar los yog Basswood. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los mus ua zoo tau Document mem hluav-yog li ntawd txawm nrog lub caij nplooj zeeg so.

Yuav ua li cas plhaub?

Lub plhaub nyob rau hauv lub simplicity thiab kev zoo nkauj ntawm ib tug cwj mem. Txij li thaum ua los ntawm cov ntoo cwj mem qhuav, nws yuav tsum tau raws li cov cai nram no:

1. Softness, lub zog thiab lightness: lub sij hawm zov lub plhaub yuav tsum tsis txhob lov los yog crumble raws li tag nrho lub cev.
2. Tsis delaminate nyob rau hauv tus ntawm tej yam ntuj tso yam.
3. Muaj ib tug zoo txiav - du thiab ci iab, thiab cov chips nws tus kheej tsis zom.
4. Tus ntoo yuav tsum yog resistant rau dej.

Yuav ua li cas cov khoom?

Qhuav yog nqa tawm siv cwj mem qhuav variegated khoom. Piv txwv li, kev kho mob ntawm av nplaum uas los ntawm tus graphite pas nrig yuav ces yuav tsim, yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb mills thiab crushers. mixed ua khob noom cookie ua yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug ntsia hlau xovxwm qhov twg lub khob noom cookie yob nrog peb sib txawv kis tsim los ntawm lub pas nrig nws tus kheej. Rau cov hom phiaj nws yog siv nrog tus tuag qhov. Ziab ntoo teb yog ua nyob rau hauv ncu, qhov twg cov khoom yauv sib hloov rau 16 teev. Nrog zoo kom qhuav ntoo ya raws theem attains ib tug tshaj plaws ntawm 0.5%. Raws li rau xaum, lawv tsis raug los ua cua sov kev kho mob nyob rau hauv view ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm cov fillers, dyes thiab fatliquoring Cheebtsam. Nyob rau ib tug tshwj xeeb tshuab sau trimming cwj mem qhuav nyob rau hauv ntev.

kom qhuav

Yuav ua li cas ua lub cwj mem qhuav? Nyob rau hauv lub qhuav txheej txheem tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm kom qhuav. Nws yog ua nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb qhov dej siv lub tshuab, thiab cov phiaj yog stacked li hais tias cov qhuav yog zoo tshaj plaws. Nyob rau hauv cov qhov dej qhuav yog ua kwv yees li 72 xuab moos, ces txheeb plank: tag nrho los yog cwj tawg khoom uas rho tawm. Xaiv teb yog neeg dawb huv paraffin, kom, piv txwv li lawv txiav tawm qhov tshwj xeeb grooves, uas yuav tsum tau nyob rods.

Yuav ua li cas tus cwj mem qhuav no yog ua los nyob rau hauv cov tom ntej no? Tam sim no siv milling throughput kab, nyob rau hauv uas lub division rau hauv blocks cwj mem qhuav. Nyob ntawm seb dab tsi daim ntawv riam siv rau qhov no nyob ntev yog tau los ntawm cov xaum los sis puag ncig, los yog ncau, los yog dawb. Nws plays ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub kho ntawm cov hmoov txhuas ntoo cov ntaub ntawv: nws yuav tsum tau ua securely thiab nti, li no kom txhob muaj txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm tsis hais ua. Elastic nplaum uas yog siv rau ligaments, ua tus xaum nrees.

kev pab them nqi nta

Niaj hnub nimno yooj yooj yim thiab xaum nyob rau hauv ib tug lossis loj ntau yam ntawm designs thiab xim. Yog li ntawd yuav ua li cas ua cwj mem qhuav nyob rau hauv lub Hoobkas, ntawm no yog them ze mloog mus rau txhua txhua theem ntawm ntau lawm. Painting - ib qho ntawm feem tseem ceeb kauj ruam, txij li thaum nws yuav tsum tau raws li ib tug xov tooj uas yuav tsum tau. Rau tag tus nplaim lub extrusion txoj kev yog siv, thiab kawg tag nrog ntsw. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thawj tus xaum kis los ntawm tus primer tsev, nyob qhov twg ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub conveyor nws flips rau overcoating. Yog li ntawd nws yog tau ib yam txheej.

Xim Zoo: dab tsi nws yog nyob ntawm?

Qhov zoo tshaj ntawm cov xim nyob rau hauv lub qhov kawg kom tau raws li lub cai uas yuav tsum tau lawv tus kheej xim tsev, kom tau tsim priming tshuab, seb tus sij hawm poob cwj mem qhuav qhuav rau ib daim kab xev ua raws li. Tej mem hluav Hoobkas siv fast-qhuav compositions uas tsim rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub khoom, khoom thiab elastic zaj duab xis adheres zoo mus rau lub ntoo nto.

Txheej yog ua nrog tshwj xeeb primer uas muaj tej yam viscosity thiab muaj pigments. Yog hais tias cov xim ib feem yog loj, nws yuav txo tau cov gloss ntawm cov zaj duab xis thiab yuav yuav tsum tau ib tug ntxiv daim ntawv thov mus rau qhov chaw ntawm nitro lacquer. Txawm tus cwj mem qhuav yog raug rau varnishing nrog glossy nitrocellulose cov kua roj vanish.

Yog hais tias tus xaum tsaus ntxoov, nws yog xim nyob rau hauv tsawg kawg yog 5 khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg thiab 4 khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov kua roj vanish. Yuav kom ua tau lub teeb xim siv ib tug ua ke ntawm 7 khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm number case nrog lacquer khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg 4. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, rau niaj hnub zoo li thiab yog kev pab them nqi nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tias lub saum npoo muaj ib tug tshaj plaws ntawm 18 khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. Coloring cwj mem qhuav kawg feem yog ua nyob rau hauv okunalnoy tsheb, uas descends los ntawm tus ncej nyob rau nws tus cwj mem qhuav.

cwj mem qhuav ncej

Nyob ntawm seb yuav ua li cas koj ua tus cwj mem qhuav thiab ntawm dab tsi ntaub ntawv yuav sib txawv thiab lawv qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv cov tsoos version ntawm tus xaum nws muaj ib tug ntoo ncej, tab sis cov niaj hnub ua lag luam muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv hnab yas, lacquered thiab txawm daim ntawv vaj tse nyob. Nyob rau hauv ib tes, nws ntxiv rau lawv txoj kev zoo nkauj thiab singularity, rau lwm cov tes, ib tug caij nplooj zeeg los ntawm xws li cwj mem qhuav me ntsis uas tseem.

Tom qab nrag cwj mem qhuav yog raug rau tag. Rau lub hom phiaj no, ntau yam nyiaj muas thiab foils ntawm txawv xim. Nws hu ua active kub tswj ua.

Yuav ua li cas hardness?

Tag nrho cov dawb lias cwj mem qhuav thiab txawv hardness ntawm cov hmoov txhuas, uas yog reflected nyob rau hauv lawv cov labeling. Xaiv lawv raws li tsim nyog: qhov ntau tuab thiab khoom daim ntawv, tus nyuaj yuav graphite pas nrig. Tab sis ib qho nyuaj heev yuav ua kev puas lub graphite ntawv. Nyob rau hauv Russia koj yuav tau tus cwj mem qhuav nram qab no npav:

1. M - bland.
2. T - khoom.
3. TM - hard-mos.

Hais txog labeling yuav tsum tau paub txog thaum xaiv ib tug cwj mem los tsim drawings los yog nqus nyob rau hauv cov kos duab.

Nta xaum

Dab tsi ua rau tej yam yooj yim cwj mem qhuav, peb twb to taub. Tam sim no koj yuav tsum paub thaum twg thiab yuav ua li cas muaj tej cwj mem kob. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias cov thawj cov khoom nrog ib tug xim mem hluav nyob rau hauv 1820, Txawm li cas los, leej twg yees ua lawv, tseem ib tug paub tsis meej. Cov mem hluav lead raws li ib tug ua ke ntawm cov txuas yeeb tshuaj, muab tub lim thiab xim pigments. Raws li cov koom cov ntaub ntawv uas protrudes nplaum Kaolin, los ntawm kev uas cov hlau lead yog tsim thiab yuav muaj tseeb. Nyob rau hauv high quality dawb lias ntaub ntawv siv raws li tau zoo as kob pigments, nyob rau cov xim yuav ua tau ib tug organic los yog inorganic puag. Sami xim pigments yog raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas yog resistant rau fading nyob rau hauv tus ntawm lub hnub ci tawg thiab ib puag ncig muaj kev ruaj ntseg. Rau hnub tim, cwj mem qhuav yog muaj nyob rau hauv 36 xim ntxoov raws li lub thoob ntiaj teb teev Pantone ntxoov. Raws li hais tus fillers, nyob rau hauv no muaj peev xwm, kaolin thiab cwj mem av dawb siv, uas yog yuav muaj kev ceev faj sib tsoo.