Yog vim li cas Petus 1 pib tsov rog nrog rau lub Swedes: cov ua ntawm qhov teeb meem thiab nws cov neeg koom. Cov qhabnias ntawm lub sab qaum teb ua tsov ua rog

Great Northern ua tsov ua rog uas erupted nyob rau hauv lub XVIII xyoo pua, nruab nrab ntawm Sweden thiab Russia, tau ua ib tug tseem ceeb tshwm sim rau lub Lavxias teb sab xeev. Yog vim li cas Petus 1 pib tsov rog nrog rau lub Swedes thiab dab tsi nws twb - ntxiv txog qhov no ntxiv.

Lavxias teb sab xeev nyob rau hauv Peter 1

Yuav kom nkag siab txog cov ua ntawm lub Great Northern ua tsov ua rog, koj yuav tsum paub, yog dab tsi Russia yuav pib ntawm qhov teeb meem. XVIII caug xyoo - ib lub sij hawm ntawm txoj kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub kev khwv nyiaj txiag, kab lis kev cai, kev nom kev tswv thiab kev sib raug zoo kev sib raug zoo. Petr Veliky yog hu ua tus huab tais-reformer. Nws tau txais ib tug loj lub teb chaws nrog ib tug underdeveloped kev khwv nyiaj txiag thiab obsolete pab tub rog. Lavxias teb sab xeev deb tom qab nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov European lub teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws tsis muaj zog txaus lub ntev kev tsov kev rog nrog lub Ottoman Empire waged rau supremacy nyob rau hauv lub dub hiav txwv.

Xav rau lo lus nug yog vim li cas Petus 1 pib tsov rog nrog rau lub Swedes, nws yuav tsum tau to taub hais tias qhov no yog cov feem ntau yuam yog vim li cas. Great Northern ua tsov ua rog twb tiv thaiv rau kev nkag mus rau lub Baltic ntug dej hiav txwv, uas yog tseem ceeb heev rau Russia. Yog tsis muaj cov lag luam tawm kev sib raug zoo nrog Western lub teb chaws, nws yuav tsis tsim nws kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Lub tsuas chaw nres nkoj ntawm ib lub sij hawm, los ntawm kev uas Lavxias teb sab khoom exported rau sab hnub poob, yog tus thawj tubtxib saum ntuj. Lub hiav txwv lawv los ntawm lub dawb Hiav txwv yog yooj yim, txaus ntshai thiab lus. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, 1 Petus to taub qhov yuav tsum tau rau ceev txoj kev loj hlob ntawm nws fleet nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv Baltic thiab cov Dub hiav txwv. Yog tsis muaj no nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom tsim ib tug muaj zog lub xeev.

Yog vim li cas tsov rog nrog rau lub Swedes nyob rau hauv Peter 1 yog inevitable. Previous rulers ntawm Russia pom lub ntsiab yeeb ncuab ntawm lub Ottoman Empire, uas yog lossi rog tau lub Lavxias teb sab ciam teb chaw. Tsuas yog xws li ib tug nyob deb-pom politician, Peter lub Great, pom tau hais tias lub teb chaws yog tam sim no tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau mus pauv nrog cov teb chaws Europe ntawm lub hiav txwv Baltic, thiab cov tawm tsam rau lub Dub hiav txwv tub tiv thaiv yuav tos kom txog thaum.

Sweden tus King Karl Xii

Lub Nordic lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no, cov kev cai raws li tub ntxhais hluas thiab extraordinary monarch, Peter 1. Charles XII mas suav hais tias ib tug tub rog ntse thiab nws pab tub rog - invincible. Lub teb chaws ntawm nws suav hais tias lub feem ntau haib nyob rau hauv lub Baltic cheeb tsam. Los ntawm txoj kev, nws lub npe yog Carl nyob rau hauv Russia, thiab tus Vajntxwv ntawm Sweden twb paub li Charles XII.

Kho kom raug nws ua, zoo li Petus, nyob ib tug hluas uas muaj hnub nyoog. Nws yog 15 xyoo thaum nws txiv tuag lawm thiab Carl txais lub zwm txwv. Nrog ib tug ceev npau taws, tus huab tais yuav tsis tso tej tswv yim thiab txiav txim siab tag nrho los ntawm nws tus kheej. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 18 xyoo, nws ua nws cov thawj tub rog ntoj ke mus kawm. Tshaj tawm lub tsev hais plaub hais tias nws twb yuav mus nyob rau cov kev lom zem nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm nws castles, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, tus tub hluas uas kav ib tug me me pab tub rog mus los ntawm hiav txwv mus rau Denmark. Ceev ceev peb hlis ntuj yog nyob rau hauv lub phab ntsa ntawm Copenhagen, Denmark, Carl yuam kom thim los ntawm lub union nrog Russia, Poland thiab Saxony. Yuav luag 18 xyoo tom qab uas tus huab tais siv sab nraum nws lub teb chaws, koom tes nyob rau hauv ntau yam ua tub rog campaigns. Lawv lub hom phiaj yog ua kom Sweden tus muaj zog tshaj lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb teb chaws Europe.

1 Peter thiab lub Swedes: cov ua tub rog teeb meem

Zog ntawm Guj kuj thiab Sweden twb tw ntev ua ntej yug tus me nyuam reformer huab tais. Baltic ntug dej hiav txwv, uas muaj tsis muaj me ntsis geopolitical tseem ceeb, yeej ib txwm tau uas zoo txaus siab rau ntau lub teb chaws. Poland, Sweden thiab Russia rau ntau centuries ua kom nws cov cawv nyob rau hauv lub Baltic cheeb tsam. Txij li thaum lub XII caug xyoo, lub Swedes tau pheej rov rau sab qaum teb ntawm Russia, sim mus ntes tus Ladoga, lub Gulf ntawm Finland thiab Karelia. By pib ntawm lub XVIII caug xyoo, lub Baltic lub teb chaws twb kiag li subordinate Sweden. Augustus II, King ntawm Poland thiab xaiv tsa ntawm Saxony, Frederick IV ntawm tus neeg Danish kav Petr Veliky thiab tsim ib tug coalition tiv thaiv Sweden. Lawv kev cia siab ntawm winning raws li nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais ntawm Charles XII. Russia nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm yeej tau txais qhov ntev-awaited nkag tau mus rau lub Baltic ntug dej hiav txwv thiab lub sij hawm rau muaj ib tug fleet. Qhov no yog lub ntsiab yog vim li cas yog vim li cas Petus 1 pib ib tug tsov rog tawm tsam cov Swedes. Raws li rau tus so ntawm lub alliance tiv thaiv Sweden, lawv tau nrhiav txo kom tsis muaj zog cov yeeb ncuab sab qaum teb thiab ntxiv dag zog nws muaj nyob rau hauv lub Baltic cheeb tsam.

1 Peter lub Great: Great Northern ua tsov ua rog nrog Sweden muaj pov thawj qhov tswv yim txuj ci ntawm Lavxias teb sab tsar

Lub union ntawm peb lub teb chaws (Russia, Denmark thiab Poland) twb xaus lus nyob rau hauv 1699. Tus thawj mus hais lus tawm tsam Sweden nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj II. Nyob rau hauv 1700, lub siege ntawm Riga. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo lub Danish pab tub rog pib ib tug ntxeem tau ntawm lub chaw uas zoo heev ntawm Holstein, uas yog ib tug ally ntawm Sweden. Ces Karl Xii ua ib tug bold peb hlis ntuj mus Denmark thiab yuam nws mus thim los ntawm kev tsov rog. Tom qab ntawd nws xa tub rog mus Riga, thiab cov Polish huab tais, tsis daring mus koom lub sib ntaus sib tua, thau nws pab tub rog.

Tom qab ntawd, tag nrho cov tsov rog nrog rau Sweden koom Russia. Vim li cas Petus 1 pib tsov rog nrog rau lub Swedes yog tsis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nrog lub phoojywg? Lub fact tias cov Lavxias teb sab xeev ntawm lub sij hawm no tiv thaiv nrog lub Ottoman Empire, thiab mus koom nyob rau hauv ob cov tub rog tsis sib haum ntawm lub teb chaws ua tsis tau.

Tus heev hnub tom ntej tom qab xaus ntawm ib tug kev sib haum xeeb treaty nrog qaib ntxhw, Zog ntawm Guj kuj nkag mus hauv tsov rog nrog rau Sweden. 1 Peter pib nws lub peb hlis ntuj ntawm Narva, nyob ze ntawm lub Swedish fortress. Lub sib ntaus sib tua tau ploj, txawm lub fact tias cov tub rog ntawm Charles XII yog npaum li cas ua tsis tau zoo rau tus xov tooj ntawm tsis zoo kawm tiav los thiab tsis zoo armed Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog.

Yeej ntawm Narva coj mus rau ib tug sai transformation ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub rog. Nyob rau hauv cia li ib xyoos Petr Veliky yog tau kiag li txia ua lub pab tub rog nruab nrog tshiab riam phom thiab artillery. Txij li thaum 1701 Russia pib mus nce yeej tshaj lub Swedes: sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Poltava, Gangut sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub hiav txwv. Nyob rau hauv 1721, Sweden kos npe rau ib thaj yeeb treaty nrog Russia.

Cov qhabnias ntawm lub sab qaum teb ua tsov ua rog

Tom qab xaus ntawm Treaty ntawm Nystad Russia twb nyob ruaj khov nyob rau hauv lub Baltic cheeb tsam thiab Kurland.