Volapuk yog ib hom lus dag thiab ntev tuag

Nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm, tsis yog txhua tus neeg yooj yim thiab txawm muaj kev txawj ntse neeg yog paub lub sij hawm "volapuk." Qhov no me me tsis zoo thiab lo lus txawv txawv tuaj rau peb ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees kawg ntawm XIX xyoo pua thiab tau los paub ua ib hom lus tsim. Nws tau hais thiab sau ntawv los ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov neeg tseem ceeb, uas muaj cov kws kho mob, cov kws tshawb fawb, cov kws sau ntawv thiab cov neeg txawj saib hnub qub.

Tus sau ntawm hom lus masterpiece

Li ntawd, Volapuk yog ib hom lus thoob ntiaj teb uas tau tsim los ntawm 1879 los ntawm ib tug German Catholic pov thawj lub npe hu ua Johann Martin Schleiere. Nyob rau hauv Tej zaum ntawm lub xyoo no nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam Bavarian tshaj plaws cov ntawv xov xwm tshaj plaws tuaj tawm, tab sis raws li ib tug appendix rau nws ib tug tag nrho cov kev ua raws li. Nws muaj cov grammatical, morphological thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb ntawm cov lus tsim cov lus uas tau tsim rau cov neeg txawj ntse thoob ntiaj teb. Ib xyoos tom qab, Schleiher tau muab ib phau ntawv uas tau txais lub npe "Volapuk - lus ntiaj teb." Ib xyoos ntxiv tau dhau mus, thiab nyob rau hauv phau ntawv tshiab thiab tseem tsis tau piav qhia cov ntawv xov xwm pib luam tawm, thiab tom qab thawj zaug thoob ntiaj teb sib kho.

Xyoo ntawm muaj koob npe

Kwv yees li 1884 thoob plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe, thiab ib txhia tseem nyob rau Asmeskas thiab hauv cov tebchaws Es Xias, Volapuk yog ib hom lus nrov heev thiab kawm. Ntau cov ntawv xov xwm thiab ntawv xov xwm raug luam tawm rau nws, nws tau kawm hauv cov chav kawm, hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab cov tebchaws. Muaj ntau cov kws tshawb fawb siv cov volopuosis hauv lawv cov kws kho mob thiab cov haujlwm. Cov ntaub ntawv kuj tau sau npe thaum lub hom lus tsim tau los ua tus neeg. Nws yog hais txog German German Volapuk tus kws tshawb fawb Henry Kone, nrog leej twg hais lus los ntawm daim ntaub qhwv rau hauv ib hom lus uas tau ua rau nws lub hom phiaj ntawm kev mob siab. Mus txog rau 1890s, tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no kev tshawb fawb tsis yog los ntawm kev kawm hauv volapuk, tab sis tseem nyob hauv nws daim ntawv thov hauv kev ua hauj lwm thiab niaj hnub lub neej.

Lub hauv paus ntawm hom lus

Peb twb tsim tau tias Volapuk yog ib hom lus tseeb, tab sis ua li cas thiab nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus twg nws tau tshwm sim? Cia peb pib nrog nws tus sau - ib tug pov thawj uas yog ib tug nyob ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemis, yog li ntawd, nws hais lus German tag nrho nws lub neej. Nws lub hom phiaj yog los tsim ib daim qauv ntawm nws cov neeg hais lus thiab sau ntawv, tab sis nrog qee qhov kev hloov, uas, hauv nws lub tswv yim, yuav piv rau tag nrho cov duab. Cov niam ntawv tau ua raws li Latin, supplemented los ntawm ob peb cov niam ntawv tsis muaj. Lo lus sau ua lus yog cov lus tshaj plaws hauv lub hom lus ntawm Romano-German tsev neeg, tab sis lawv cov hauv paus hniav tau raug hloov dhau ntawm kev paub. Nws yog worthwhile hais ntawm ib zaug tias cov neeg hais lus ntawm German lus nyob rau hauv Volapuk tau raug tshem tawm ntawm tag nrho nws tshaj plaws tricky nta, Ntxiv mus, lawv multiplied thiab ua txawm ntau noticeable thiab complex. Qhov piv txwv ntau tshaj plaws ntawm qhov no yog lo lus ntev, uas muaj peb lossis plaub qhov chaw.

Dab tsi yog qhov yooj yim ntawm hom lus?

Thaum xub thawj siab, nws ib txwm cias li volapuk - qhov no yog ib hom lus yooj yim, nws yog ib qho yooj yim kawm thiab nco ntsoov. Qhov tseeb yog tias qee yam, qhov tseeb, lawv tau caw:

• Muaj tsis muaj cov qauv sau ntawv nyuaj.
• Yeej tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi li ob kab lus (feem ntau tshwm sim hauv Lavxias thiab lus Arabic).
• Muaj tsis muaj ambiguous lus.
• Cov kev nyuab siab yeej ib txwm tas.

Peb muaj peev xwm hais tias lub txiaj ntsig ntawm Volapuka tas muaj. Dab tsi txhua tus neeg tuaj thoob plaws leej twg sim kawm nws yav tom ntej yog zoo li ib phau ntawm tag nrho cov complexities ntawm German, lus Askiv, lus Spanish thiab txawm lus Mev, supplemented los ntawm fictitious cov ntaub ntawv thiab lem.

Poob chaw

Xyoo, lub Volapuk tus cryptographer yog Auguste Kerkhoffs, leej twg, tom qab scrutinizing no lus, tam sim ntawd txheeb xyuas tag nrho nws cov shortcomings. Taw tes rau lub siab ntawm tus sau - Martin Sheleier, nws provoked lub tawm tsam ntawm lub yav tas. Tus pov thawj hais tias hom lus no yog nws lub hlwb, uas tsis muaj dab tsi hloov. Qhov kev sib haum xeeb no ua rau ib qho ntxiv lawm, thaum lub sijhawm uas ntau tus neeg hu ua Volapuk tau mus ua lwm yam lus - Idiom Neutral thiab Esperanto. Los ntawm txoj kev, cov tsos ntawm cov lus kawg hauv xyoo 1887 ua rau ntau qhov teeb meem ntawm Volapuk. Esperanto tau yooj yim lexically thiab grammatically, nyob rau hauv nws tag nrho cov lus tau pom tau thiab txawm yooj yim.

Tam sim no Volapuk yog ib cov lus tuag, uas txawm tshaj tawm cov ntawv xov xwm tshaj tawm thiab cov ntawv xov xwm tsis tshaj tawm lawm. Nws tsis yog kawm ntawm cov kev ua laj ua kam, tsis yog qhia hauv kev kawm qib siab.