Txaus ntshai tej hauj lwm ntawm Pushkin lub "Mozart thiab Salieri" txoj kev

Cov xwm txheej no "Mozart thiab Salieri" yog ib tug ntawm cov chamber voj voog ntawm txaus ntshai ua hauj lwm ntawm Alexander Pushkin, uas tus sau nws tus kheej hu ua "Me ntsis xwm txheej". Sau nyob rau hauv xyoo 1830, lawv tsa lub philosophical thiab kev ncaj ncees tej teeb meem uas tseem ceeb rau lub kws sau paj lug thiab nws puab lub vajvoog: ib tug kev sib tw rau txoj hmoo, tus zoo ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm txoj kev hlub ua siab phem morality ntawm cov haiv neeg nyob rau hauv "Lub Pob Zeb qhua"; puas hwj chim ntawm cov nyiaj nyob rau hauv "Lub miserly Knight"; tib neeg thiab los saum ntuj los cov ntse heev, ntawm nws lub luag hauj lwm rau nws deeds thiab ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv "Mozart thiab Salieri"; smeryatsya kam muaj tshwm sim, muaj kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv cov fatalism ntawm lub neej nyob rau hauv lub "tsiab peb caug nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm tus kab mob no."

"Mozart thiab Salieri"

Cov xwm txheej no "Mozart thiab Salieri", ib txoj kev uas yuav txo tau kom ib tug me me restatement - philosophically sib sib zog nqus nplua nuj khoom. Tus sau txiav txim siab nws tseem ceeb rau txhua tus xws tiag tiag feemxyuam neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab teeb meem xws li seb tus ntse heev rau kev phem, thiab seb nws yuav nyob twj ywm tom qab no ntse heev. Yuav ua li cas yuav tsum yuav mov los ntawm cov kos duab ntawm cov neeg? Yuav ib tug ntse heev nyob rau hauv lub kos duab tau kom muaj zoo tib yam, peb yog neeg txhaum txiv neej nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub, thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Vim hais tias, tsis muaj teeb meem ntau npaum li cas lub sij hawm tsis tau nyeem nyob rau hauv cov "Mozart thiab Salieri", ib txoj kev ntawm lub ua txoj kev ua hauj lwm, vim muaj yog ib txwm ib tug txawj xav nyeem ntawv, ib yam dab tsi ua tib zoo xav.

Lub hauv paus ntawm lub xwm txheej no muab tso rau lub xaiv tias cov composer Antonio Salieri tus khib tau tshuaj lom lub hauv paus rau Mozart. Direct pov thawj, ntawm chav kawm, tias yog tsis muaj kev txhaum. Tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau Pushkin. Los ntawm kev noj xws li ib tug muaj teeb meem detective zaj dabneeg, kws sau paj lug sharpens nws thiab peb paub los ib yam dab tsi lwm tus: yog vim li cas Salieri txiav txim siab ua muaj cai lub neej ntawm nws ci ntsa iab tus phooj ywg? Ntshaw no los yog ib yam dab tsi ntxiv? Yog nws tau hais txog ntse thiab tus kws txawj txua? Los ntawm cov thawj kev nyeem ntawv "Mozart thiab Salieri", ib txoj kev ntawm cov lus teb ntawm qee, ntawm chav kawm, nws tsis. Nyob rau hauv Pushkin yuav tsum xav txog nws!

Yog li ntawd, Salieri. Peb tau raws li nws nyob rau hauv lub heev thaum pib ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm. Tau txais nyob rau hauv lub xyoo, xyuas los ntawm koob meej, nws txiav ntaqwm nws thawj thawj kauj ruam nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag. Raws li ib tug tub hluas, koj nws txuj ci, nws, li ntawd xwb, tsis tau twv kom ntseeg nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej, rau siab ntso kawm tej hauj lwm kuj zoo kawg thiab musicians thiab xyaum lawv, nws to taub "qhov sib raug zoo ntawm algebra", tsis yog tsim kom tshoov music, raws li cov sib ntaus ntawm nws tus plig thiab lub tswv yim, raws li kuv yog ib tug ntse heev, tab sis "Unscrambling nws raws li ib tug neeg tuag," rau ua li, suav cov ntawv thiab lawv cov variations nyob rau hauv txhua chord thiab lub suab. Thiab tsuas muaj ua tib zoo kawm cov kev tshawb xav ntawm lub mechanisms ua suab paj nruag, nws cov kev cai, Salieri nws tus kheej pib sau ntawv, npaum li cas burning, ib yam dab tsi tom qab lub captious thuam, tawm hauv. Maj mam nws los ua lub npe hu, pom. Tab sis nws lub koob meej composer "raug kev txom nyem": Sau rau nws - nyuab ua hauj lwm. Nws to taub hais tias nws tsis yog cov Master - apprentice mus rau lub kawg thiab kos duab. Tab sis nws tsis envy cov neeg uas muaj ntau nto moo thiab feemxyuam, vim hais tias cov hero paub hais tias nws lub contemporaries tau tiav koob meej nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruag kev lag luam, ib yam nkaus thiab, ua tsaug rau lub zog, painstaking ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv ua li ntawd, lawv muaj sib npaug.

Mozart yog lwm cov teeb meem, "reveler kaw." Nws sau ci ntsa iab yam yooj yim, tso dag thiab luag li yog hais tias tus philosophy ntawm creativity, uas ua li ntawd ntev nurtured thiab tsim rau nws tus kheej Salieri. Cov tub hluas ntxhais ntse heev alien salerivsky austerity, lub strictest kev qhuab qhia thiab kev ntshai mus rau depart los ntawm cov txais canons ntawm cov kos duab. Mozart hauj lwm raws li ua tsis taus pa: ntuj, raws li qhov xwm ntawm nws tej txuj ci. Tej zaum qhov no yog lub feem ntau outraged los ntawm Salieri.

"Mozart thiab Salieri", ib txoj kev ntawm nws, rhaub down, yeej tseem zoo, rau ib tug nrog sib haum nrog Salieri nws tus kheej. Nws txiav txim siab nyuaj: Puas kos duab xav tau Mozart? Npaj seb tam sim no yog lub sij hawm rau perceive thiab to taub nws lub suab seev? Yog nws heev lub hauv paus rau nws era? Tsis muaj lub zem Antonio Mozart piv nrog ib tug tim tswv kaj cherub leej twg, muaj los txog rau hauv av, yuav pab raws li ib tug cem rau cov neeg nyob rau hauv lawv cov zoo tag nrho. Mozart, qhov chaw koj creativity ib tug tej yam zoo nkauj thiab raug cai bar, nyob rau hauv ib tes, seb puas tsimnyog tau rau lub kos duab thiab tus ntsuj plig ntawm cov neeg tshiab heights, nyob rau lwm yam - nws qhia tau hais tias dab tsi yog tam sim no composers thiab lawv tsim yaam tshab. Tab sis yog zoo siab mediocrity los yog cia li tsis feemxyuam heev neeg paub txog ib tug neeg xibtes? Alas, tsis muaj! Pushkin nws tus kheej pom nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo xws li cov teeb meem no muaj ntau zaus, ua ntej ntawm lub sij hawm. Vim tias txawm ib txoj kev ntawm lub "Mozart thiab Salieri" pab kom to taub yuav ua li cas lub kws sau paj lug nyob, uas bothered nws thaum lub sij hawm lub creation ntawm raug xwm txheej.

Los ntawm Salieri los Mozart. Nws xav kom qhia ib tug phooj ywg ib tug tshiab "tus me tshaj plaws", uas yog muaj ntev los no, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm "kho" nws dag: dua lub tsev noj mov, Wolfgang hnov cov neeg thov khawv violinist plays nws tune, mercilessly fake. Tej tiav cov ntse heev seemed funny, thiab nws txiav txim siab los ciali Salieri. Txawm li cas los, cov kev lom zem tsis lees txais thiab drives performer, Mozart lub scolding, rebuking, nws tsis txaus siab rau cov txuj ci thiab feem ntau tsis tsim nyog ntawm koj tus kheej. Mozart yuav siv sij hawm lub suab paj nruag muaj li ntawm tsis ntev los no. Thiab Salieri nyob rau hauv ntau heev tshaj dua tsis meej pem: yuav ua li cas muaj peev xwm xws li ib tug zoo kawg nkaus suab paj nruag composing, them sai sai mus cuav nqe vaj lug kub homebrew violinist, nrhiav lawv funny thiab tsis offensive. Puas tsis yog nws qhov tseem ceeb nws tus kheej, nws ntse heev? Ib zaug ntxiv, muaj yog lub ntsiab ntawm lub sublime xwm ntawm yeej muaj tseeb kos duab: Salieri piv lwm nrog Vajtswv, uas yog unaware ntawm nws yog neeg saum ntuj. Thaum kawg ntawm lub scene cov phooj ywg pom zoo kom muaj noj hmo ua ke, thiab Mozart yoojyim.

Thaum nyeem ntawv xwm txheej no "Mozart thiab Salieri", tom ntej no scene tsom xam boils down rau yog, dab tsi muaj lus sib cav Salieri convinces nws tus kheej ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau mus txiav luv luv lub neej ntawm ib lub ci ntsa iab luag. Nws ntseeg hais tias tsis muaj lub kos duab ntawm Mozart xwb yeej hais tias composers yuav tsum tau sau cov suab paj nruag, vim hais tias ntawm lawv cov coj tej txuj ci thiab tsis muaj kev xav txog cov poj kawm. Xws li, tua Wolfgang, Salieri yuav muab invaluable kev pab rau kev kos duab. Ua li no, Antonio txiav txim siab siv cov tshuaj lom tau txais ib qho khoom plig los ntawm lub qub lover.

Qhov kawg scene - nyob rau hauv lub tavern. Mozart qhia ib tug phooj ywg hais txog ib co coj txawv txawv vizitore, ib tug txiv neej dub uas yog caum nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los. Ces nws los txog rau Beaumarchais, tib yam li Mozart, ib tug ntse heev, ib tug ci ntsa iab playwright, sparkling txuj ci thiab tag nrho txoj kev ywj pheej nyob rau hauv creation. Muaj yog ib tug lus xaiv uas Beaumarchais tau tshuaj lom ib tug neeg Mozart tab sis tsis ntseeg tias nws. Raws li nws, villainy thiab ntse heev yuav tsis coexist nyob rau hauv tib neeg. Ntse heev muaj peev xwm tsuas ua tau lub epitome ntawm zoo thiab lub teeb, kev xyiv fab, thiab yog li ntawd yuav tsis tau tuav nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm kev phem. Nws muaj ib tug haus dej rau peb ntawm lawv, cov kwv tij nyob rau hauv lub teeb - Salieri, Beaumarchais thiab Mozart. Xws li Wolfgang hais tias Antonio nws adherents. Thiab Salieri throws nws ib khob caw tshuaj lom Mozart haus, ua tsaug ntseeg hais tias cov uas nrog nws lub plawv tib yam peb ua tiag tiag thiab loj raws li nws.

Thaum ua si Mozart lub "Requiem", tsis txawm paub txog tias, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, qhov no memorial pawg rau nws tus kheej, Salieri quaj. Tab sis nws tsis quaj los kua muag ntawm tu siab thiab kev mob rau ib tug phooj ywg - yog ib tug xyiv fab los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias cov nuj nqis yog ua.

Mozart yog phem, nws mus tam sim ntawd. Thiab Salieri speculates tias yog hais tias cov cai ntawm cov Mozart, nws tsis yog ib tug ntse heev, vim hais tias nws tau ua phem. Tab sis lub npe nrov Michelangelo, dhau lawm, yog hais tias mus tua nws sitter. Txawm li cas los, lub tsev hais plaub tau paub lub sij hawm ntawm nws ntse heev. Yog li ntawd nws, Salieri, yog tseem muaj ib tug ntse heev? Thiab yog hais tias hais txog Buanarotti tag nrho cov dev paus ua dag tib neeg coob, yog hais tias tus sculptor tsis tua leej twg? Ces Salieri - tsis yog ib tug ntse heev?

qee finals qhib rau nws, raws li nws feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Pushkin, "lub abyss ntawm qhov chaw," thiab txhua leej txhua tus yuav tsum txiav txim siab rau nws tus kheej, uas nws pom, Salieri thiab Mozart, lees qhov tseeb.