Tooj nitrate: quantitative thiab zoo yam ntxwv

Lub sij hawm "nitrate" txhais tau tias ib tug ntsev Science News for KIDS zoo-paub nitric acid, uas muaj ib tug tsis zoo them ib feem NO3. Nyob rau hauv mineralogy thiab ua liaj ua teb yog tseem heev feem ntau siv lwm yam nitrates los - "nitrate", tiam sis ntawm no nws yog maj hloov los ntawm lub npe ntawm science ntau justified.

Xav siv tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm nitrates, yog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nco ntsoov tias lawv yog tsim los ntawm reacting nitric acid nrog lub oxides, ntsev thiab, ntau zaus, nrog cov hlau. Thaum chav tsev kub tej yam kev mob tshuam tag nrho cov nitrates no mas resistant, tab sis thaum kub nce mus rau 200-6000 ° C, lawv pib yaj, maj decomposing rau hauv Cheebtsam.

Los ntawm txoj kev, yog dab tsi rau dab tsi hais decompose nitrates, yuav raug txiav txim nyob rau hauv dab tsi qhov chaw lawv muaj nyob rau hauv lub electrochemical series ntawm cov hlau nyuaj siab. Nyob rau hauv kev, tag nrho cov nitrates, uas los ntawm decomposition tsim nitrites thiab oxygen molecules, muaj cov co uas yog mus rau sab laug ntawm magnesium (e.g., lithium, barium, txhuas, cobalt). Cov nitrates, uas decompose tsim nitrogen oxides thiab hlau, thiab cov pa nyob rau hauv lub electrochemical series cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv ib tug caij nyoog ntawm magnesium rau tooj liab.

Tooj nitrate behaves nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb txoj kev: cov pa thaum lub sij hawm nws decomposition tsis tso tawm, thiab yog tsim bivalent tooj liab oxide thiab nitrogen dioxide. Thiab, piv txwv li, ib tug tov ntawm cov nyiaj nitrate decompose nyob rau hauv ib tug kub ntawm "cia li" 1700 ° C, tseem ceeb tsis tau tsuas yog ntshiab pa mus rau tetravalent nitrogen oxide, tab sis kuj ncaj qha nyiaj molecule.

Tsis tas li ntawd muaj nqis ntsoov teev yog tias kiag li tag nrho cov nitrate yog ib tug muaj zog oxidant, thiab nws yog nyob rau hauv ib tug khoom hauv lub xeev. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj lawv poob lawv oxidative zog, differing li los ntawm tib lub nitric acid.

Twb tau nyob rau lub sij hawm ancient cov neeg tau pom hais tias lub nitric acid ntsev thiab, saum toj no tag nrho, nitrates yog zoo heev chiv, uas muaj lub peev xwm los av fertility. Tom qab ntawd, ib tug loj ib feem ntawm lub nitrate siv los mus tsim explosives thiab tshuaj yeeb.

Ib tug tshwj xeeb lub luag hauj lwm yog ntawm cov nitrates ntawm tooj liab nitrate.

Tooj nitrate (Cu (NO3) 2) nruab nrab yog ib tug complex inorganic tshuaj nyob rau hauv lawv cov qauv thiab tshuaj zog muaj feem xyuam rau tooj liab ntsev thiab nitric acid. Lub cev thaj chaw ntawm tooj liab nitrate yog ib tug khoom nrog ib tug siv lead ua ntxaij ntoo, zoo soluble nyob rau hauv cov dej thiab ntau lwm yam kev daws teeb meem (e.g., ethanol, kua ammonia, ethyl acetate). Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm raws li ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm yam ntsev ntawm nitric acid, tooj liab nitrate absorbs dej tsim ib lub siv lead ua tsaus xim xiav, uas kis tau tawm nyob rau hauv cov huab cua nrog ib tug high school cov txheebze vaum.

Tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm lub nitrate kev cob cog rua, nyob rau hauv ib tes, hais tias cov hniav puas loj ntawm tooj liab - qhov thiab sib npaug zos rau 64 g / mol, thiab lwm yam - nrog rau cov muaj peev xwm ntawm tooj liab nitrate yuav nqus dej, li no Process thiab nws lub npe (nitrate - trihydrate - hexahydrate), thiab lawv lub zog. Yog li, piv txwv li, anhydrous tooj liab haus dej yog decomposed ntawm ib tug kub ntawm 1700 ° C thiab trihydrate - twb nyob 1200 ° C.

Hniav puas loj ntawm tooj liab tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas tus thawj xib fwb txoj kev muab anhydrous tooj liab nitrate yog lub synthesis ntawm tooj liab molecules thiab tetravalent oxide ntawm tooj liab. Nws yuav tsum tau borne nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias tooj liab nitrate yog ib tug theej lom tshuaj, li ntawd, nws ntau lawm thiab cia yuav tsum nyob rau hauv raws li nrog tag nrho cov yooj yim uas yuav tsum tau muaj kev ruaj ntseg cov kev cai. Nyob rau hauv kev, nws yog tsim nyog yuav ntshai hais tias qhov no tshuaj tau tsis tau txais mus rau hauv lub qog ua kua week los yog daim tawv nqaij ntawm ib tug neeg, raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, muaj yog voos, uas muaj peev xwm ua rau ntau yam kab mob.

Los ntawm txoj kev, yuav luag tag nrho cov nitrates ua no los yog lwm qhov txhab ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Piv txwv li, tib nyiaj nitrate daws nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog tib neeg daim tawv nqaij ua rau cov tsos ntawm dub me ntsis, thiab yog hais tias nws tuav ntev txaus, nws yuav ua nyob rau hauv ib tug hlawv.