Tej yam yooj yim dosimeter tus kheej ob txhais tes: tswvyim. Tawg dosimeters nrog lawv ob txhais tes

Dosimeters yog hu ua pab kiag li lawm uas yuav tsum tau rau lub hwj chim kev ntsuas ntawm ionizing tawg. Nws yuav tsum raug borne nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias ib co qauv yog ntxiv tau soj ntsuam cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm cov tshuaj. Rentgenmetry tsis siv rau dosimetry. Cov ntsiab keeb ntawm tus dais ib tug Library yuav tau xav txog lub ntes. Lub parameter rhiab heev ntawm nws yog heev txawv. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, cov pab kiag li lawm yuav tsum tau muab faib mus rau hauv kev thiab lub tsev kho.

cov qauv tshwj xeeb uas tsim rau hnyav siv tej yam kev mob thov kom cov tub rog. Nyob rau hauv lem, tus muaj kev hloov kho tsim kev nruam xyuas ntawm hluav taws xob. Sau tawg dosimeters nrog lawv txhais tes yog heev yooj yim. Txawm li cas los, qhov no tsuas yog siv rau cov neeg siv kiag li lawm. Mus ua ib tug kev qauv, koj yuav tsum xyuas lub tswvyim ntawm cov pab kiag li lawm.

Consumer qauv nyob rau hauv 3 feeb

Dhos cov saib nrog nws ob txhais tes rau 3 feeb yog heev yooj yim. Ua ntej, peb yuav tsum siv sij hawm ib tug hwj nrog ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus peev xwm ntawm 1.5 liters. Tom qab ntawd, tus ntaus ntawv yuav tsum tau muaj ib zaug xwb-ncej-hom tester. Ua ntej, yas hwj yuav tsum tau txiav. Nrog rau qhov no aim yog zoo dua siv ib rab riam. Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog teev nyob rau hauv lub tester muaj peev xwm. Tom ntej no, kom lawv muaj ib tug yooj yim saib lawv tus kheej txhais tes, nws yog kev cob cog rua rau tus neeg xyuas pib.

Capacitor rau lub hom phiaj no yuav tsum qhib. Lub sab saum toj ntawm bore qhov rau lub spokes. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau tos cov tooj liab, nrog ib lub cheeb tsawg tshaj li 1.2 hli. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau yuav muab ib tug hwj siv hluav taws xob kab xev. Thaum lub tester teeb liab los ntawm lub koob yog kis tau mus rau lub resistor. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub hwj chim ntawm ionizing tawg yog tso tawm rau lub ntaus ntawv.

Lub dosimeter ntawm tin

Ua ib tug dosimeter nrog lawv ob txhais tes tawm ntawm ib tug can, koj ua tau, yog tias koj npaj nyob rau hauv ua ntej lub coupling capacitor thiab ib zaug xwb-ncej tester. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, yas hwj rau cov ntaus ntawv yog tsis yuav tsum tau. Tom qab ntawm lub can yog tsim nyog los ua ib tug me me qhov rau spokes. Tom qab hais tias, cov capacitor yog ntsia tau rau hauv ib lub taub ntim. Lub resistor, nyob rau hauv lem, yuav tsum tau ncaj qha mus kev cob cog rua rau lub tester. Tom qab qhov no yuav tsuas txhim kho lub koob lub qhov nyob rau hauv lub tsev nyiaj.

Ntaus nrog ib tug ob-hlau ntes

Nrog ib tug ob-hlau ntes dosimeter yuav ua li cas los tsim kom tau nrog lawv tus kheej ob txhais tes? Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, yog tias koj tuaj tos tag nrho cov tsim nyog yam, qhov no ua hauj lwm yog phaaj tseem ceeb hab. Feem ntau tua capacitance rau cov ntaus ntawv. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, nws yog xaiv hom yas. Nws loj yog lom zem ntau nyob rau qhov loj ntawm lub ntes. Nws yuav tsum raug borne nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias tus coupling capacitor yog yuav tsum tau los tsim kom tau tus qauv. Nyob rau hauv lem, nws yog tsim nyog los npaj peb resistors.

Ntxiv mus, yuav ua rau lub dosimeter nrog nws ob txhais tes, coj damper. Rau cov qauv nrog ob tug-hlau ntes, nws xaiv xwb ib zaug xwb channel. Koj yuav tsum nruab nws ncaj qha los ntawm lub condenser. Rectifiers rau dosimeters ntawm no hom yog li xwb resonance. Nyob rau hauv lem, tus dilators yog siv los ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb es tsis tshua muaj. Ncaj qha rau ntsuas efficiency yog KOOB-los ntawm capacitor. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias damper ntaus ntawv yuav tsum tau ntsia rau lub ntes.

Kev siv ntawm peb-hlau detectors

Yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau lub dosimeter nrog nws ob txhais tes peb pass hom? Tam sim ntawd nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qhov no tsis yog ib qho yooj yim ua hauj lwm. Yog peb-pass ntaus ntawv rau kev thiab cov kev hloov uas tsim los ntsuas tsis tau tsuas yog cov koob tshuaj-teb, tab sis kuj cov tawg lub hwj chim. Nruab ib lub ntes tsuas yog tsim nyog tom qab tag nrho cov-los ntawm kev capacitors yog mounted nyob rau hauv lub vaj tse. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, resistors yog siv tsuas gated.

Nyob rau hauv lem, tus dampers yog haum rau ib leeg-channel. Extender nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, koj xav tau ib tug tsawg zaus. tsuas resonant rectifiers yog siv rau cov ntsuas hluav taws xob lub hwj chim. Rau lawv installation yuav tsum tau siv ib tug soldering hlau. Zener diodes nyob rau hauv xws li yog siv heev tsis tshua muaj. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias cov kev ua yuam kev nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev ntsuas yog high school. Nws yuav tsum raug borne nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias qhov chaw kawm lub tawg hwj chim nyob ntawm lub hom ntawm cov zis resistor. Feem ntau cov feem ntau nws yog xaiv ntsha.

Siv vector resistors

Dhos nrog tus vector resistors saib xyuas lawv tus kheej ob txhais tes (tswvyim qhia hauv qab no) yuav tsuas muab lawv ua khub nrog networked detectors. Rau hnub tim, yuav tau lawv tom khw yog ib qhov nyuaj. Nws yuav tsum raug borne nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias cov khoom no nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm yog muaj nqis heev, muab piv rau lwm hom ntawm detectors. Nruab resistors yuav tsum tau tsuas yog tom qab phiaj rau cov zaj uas lub condenser. Nyob rau hauv ib co qauv ntawm cov soldered ob units. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, qhov tsis zoo kuj Circuit Court tau tej zaum kuj mus txog 30 ohms. Cov neeg ntawm kev ntsuas yog ho cuam tshuam. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv cov neeg ntawm lub ntaus ntawv yuav cuam tshuam rau capacitance. Feem ntau cov feem ntau, lawv yuav xaiv los ntawm 20 PF. Tag nrho cov no yog txaus rau muab zoo heev rhiab heev qauv.

Ntxiv mus, yuav ua rau lub dosimeter nrog nws tus kheej txhais tes, teem lub rectifier. Nws yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tsim resonant hom. Txawm li cas los, positional qauv no kuj xam tau tias yog los ntawm ntau cov kws txawj. Rau ntawm no theem nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev los mus laij lub ciaj ciam ntawm electromagnetic cuam. Yuav kom txo tau tus ntawm ib puag ncig, ntau cov kws txawj pom zoo kom txhim kho electrostatic blocks nyob rau hauv lub ntaus ntawv. Yuav cia nyob rau hauv lub khw yuav ua tau heev yooj yim. Nws yog tseem tau mus siv muaj hwj huam txhais. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv no qhov teeb meem, ib tug tsis zoo kuj nyob rau hauv lub dosimeter yuav ua rau kom dramatically. Yuav kom zaus hloov tsis tshwm sim nquag, nws yog advisable siv kev chiv keeb tuaj.

Kev siv cov kev resistors

Nrog ib resistors ua tej yam yooj yim saib lawv tus kheej txhais tes (tswvyim qhia hauv qab no) yuav ua tau ceev heev. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov nws yuav siv sij hawm tuaj tos tus lub cev. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, koj yuav siv tau ib lub hnab yas lub thawv. Ntxiv mus, yuav ua rau lub dosimeter nrog koj ob txhais tes, koj yuav tsum nruab ib damper. Feem ntau cov feem ntau nws yog xaiv ib tug multi-channel hom. Nyob rau hauv lem, ib leeg-channel qauv ntawm siab raug readings tsis muab.

Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg hais tias muaj ntau cov kws txawj pom zoo kom siv cov txee. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, lawv yuav xaiv binary hom. Koj yuav tsum nruab ncaj qha rau lub ntes. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tom qab lub capacitors yog soldered resistors. Lawv tag nrho rau cov dosimeter yuav yuav tsum tau peb chav nyob. Tus thawj ntawm no yog teem rau lub ntes. Nws rhiab heev nyob lom zem ntau lub hom expander. Tus lwm yam ob capacitors yog mounted rau cov txheej sab ntawm lub rectifier. Nws yuav tau siv ib tug blowtorch.

Ib tug yooj yim qauv ntawm lub transistor PP20

Yuav kom sau no hom ntawm hluav taws xob dosimeters nrog lawv tus kheej txhais tes yog tsis yooj yim, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau to taub hais tias lub ntes yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tsuas haum tus mem tes hom. Txheej yuav tsum transistor rectifier. Extenders rau lub hom phiaj no tau raug xaiv feem ntau analog hom. Tag nrho cov no yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ntau kom meej ntsuas cov tawg lub hwj chim. Ntawm lwm yam, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau xaiv ib tug zoo counter rau lub dosimeter. Feem ntau cov feem ntau nws yog siv nrog ib tug ya taw qhia. Feem ntau cov kev hloov uas yog muag nyob rau hauv lub khw nrog labeling K17. LEDs rau no hom ntawm pab kiag li lawm yog siv heev tsis tshua muaj. Nyob rau hauv lem, lub testers yuav nruab tsuas tsawg zaus hom. Lub rhiab heev lawv muaj heev tsis tshua muaj.

Siv transistor PP30

Transistors ntawm no hom yuav ntsia, feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv ib tug kev qauv. Conductivity lawv zoo zoo nkauj, tab sis lawv yuav tau mus ua hauj lwm nrog ob tug-hlau detectors tsuas ntaus ntawv. Yuav kom sib sau ua ke rau hauv lub monitor nrog nws ob txhais tes nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw yuav ua rau lub vaj tse rau lub ntaus ntawv. Tom qab ntawd, koj yuav tsum xaiv tus txheej txheem rau zoo dosimeter pass capacitor.

Nws muaj peev xwm yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog nyob rau theem ntawm 40 PF. Tag nrho cov no yog tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias qhov tsis zoo kuj muaj cov Circuit Court yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv 20 ohms. Lub zaus hloov nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no muaj peev xwm yuav tswj tau los ntawm lub rectifier. Ntsuas tawg hwj chim siv los ntawm cov pa damper. Teem transistor P30 yog tau tsuas yog tom qab lub expander xauv. Emiternye zener diodes yog siv feem ntau, txawm li cas los, los mus txiav txim lub koob-teb, lawv lub suab zoo li ib tug phem tshaj plaws.

Qauv ntawm daim nyias nyias capacitor

diaphragm hom pab kiag li lawm rau hnub tim yog haum ntau. Piv nrog rau hiking capacitors, lawv txawv nyob rau hauv txo rhiab heev. Thaum zoo li no tsis zoo kuj Circuit Court yog feem ntau tsis ntau tshaj 3 ohms. Tag nrho cov no yuav qhia tau tias tus neeg ntawm cov tawg hwj chim ntawm xws li yog heev siab heev. Nws yuav tsum raug borne nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tus detectors tsuas yog tsim ob-hlau hom. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub qauv uas muaj ib compact, tab sis tus yam ntxwv yog heev txawv. Enhancers rau cov capacitors yog tsim electrostatic hom. Nyob rau hauv lem, tus rectifiers yog siv ob qho tib si analog thiab resonance.

Txawm li cas los, cov kws txawj qhia kom tsis txhob muaj cov kev xaiv thib ob rau kev txhim kho cov neeg ntawm readings. Ua rau cov dosimeters haum nruab nrab lub hwj chim. Nws yuav tsum raug borne nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias cov zener diodes yog siv nyob rau hauv pab kiag li lawm tsis tshua muaj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub dampers ua rau kom cov rhiab heev yuav tsum tau teem caij nrog ob resistors.

Siv broadband capacitors

Broadband kev hloov kho hnub tsis tshua muaj. Neeg lawv tsis yog lub zoo tshaj plaws. Nws yuav tsum raug borne nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias lawv tsis muaj peev xwm los mus txiav txim cov tawg lub hwj chim. Detectors yog feem ntau xaiv rau ib tug peb-pass hom kiag li lawm. Yog li, nyob rau hauv loj, lawv yog cov heev loj. Lub dampers yog ntsia rau ib tug ntau yam ntawm dosimeters. Yuav kom txhim kho txoj kev laij readings feem ntau siv multi-channel kho. Zaus ntawm EMI nyob rau hauv ib tug muab cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawv ntawm lub rectifier. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv ua tshwj xeeb nrog cov uas tsis muaj bandwidth.

Feem ntau cov feem ntau lawv yuav tsum tau pom sau tias MP30. Ntxiv hloov lub npe hu chav kawm ntawv MR40. Tswv yim teb los ntawm lawv yog heev siab heev, tab sis qhov tsis zoo kuj lawv yuav tau los mus tiv cov uas tsis muaj. Nruab capacitors ntawm tus dais yuav tsum tsuas yog tom qab kho cov ntes ncaj qha. Nws yuav tsum raug borne nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias tus resistors rau lub tswvyim yuav coj peb. Tus thawj ntawm cov muaj yuav tsum tau soldered thaum pib ntawm lub saw. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov lwm yam ob resistors yog yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub expander.

tsawg rhiab heev ntawm lub dosimeter

Dosimeters tsawg rhiab heev yog feem ntau siv los ntawm cov tub rog. Yuav kom sib sau ua ke ib tug qauv ntawm no hom, koj yuav tsum xub xaiv ib tug zoo sensor. Nyob rau tib lub txee yog siv feem ntau nrog segmental ntsuas. Nyob rau hauv lem, tus capacitors rau tej kev hloov kho yog tsim kis tau tus mob hom. Resistors, ntau cov kws txawj pom zoo kom mus tau analog.

Tag nrho cov no yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua rau kom cov rhiab heev ntawm lub ntaus ntawv mus rau cov yam theem. Ua nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov uas tsis muaj hwj chim yog siv ntau feem ntau. Maximum tsis zoo kuj lawv yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm 4 ohms. Yuav kom qhov no kawg cov sensor muaj yuav tsum tau tsim los 5 ohms. tso zis twg yog nyob heev dua lwm yam rau lub peev xwm ntawm cov capacitor. Dampers nyob rau hauv pab kiag li lawm ntawm no hom yog tsis tuaj kawm ntawv.