Tam qhob slab. Tam qhob slabs: qhov ntev, yam ntxwv, tus nqi

Kev siv ntawm scientific thiab hauj nrhav tshwj xeeb hnov nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho - nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam sib txawv ntawm cov ntiaj chaw tshwm chaw, siv uas yuav tau unthinkable tej lub sij hawm dhau los.

Tshiab cov ntaub ntawv, tshiab machines thiab cov cuab yeej tso cai rau koj los tsim kom tau sai, ntau dua, ntau txhim khu kev qha. Tab sis muaj yog siv technology hais tias tsis txhob poob lawv qhov tseeb rau ib tug ntev heev lub sij hawm. Qhov no yog lub pob zeb ua slab - lub ntsiab cai invented ib nrab xyoo dhau los, tab sis nws ua tsis tau yam uas tsis muaj feem ntau futuristic tej yaam num.

patent 1867

Muaj ntau paub zaj dab neeg ntawm Fabkis gardener Zhozefa Mone, uas yog ib qho kev rau siab mus ua rau lawv nyias walled qhob chim ncej hlau rods thiab them nrog ib tug txheej ntawm MAAs cug. Cov uas ua monolithic khoom muaj zog unattainable rau lwm yam ntaub ntawv. Monier patented nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws, txoj kev zus tau tej cov kev reinforced ntawm ntau yam designs, xws li cov neeg uas lawv twb muaj lub pob zeb ua slab rau phab ntsa thiab partitions.

Kev cob qha cov builders ua rau lawv hloov mus rau lub kev loj hlob ntawm lub inventor: nws muaj lub fittings txoj cai nyob rau hauv nruab nrab txheej ntawm qhob, thiab suav tau hais tias qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov cuab lub zog tawb yuav tsum tau xaiv raws li nyob rau hauv cov kev teeb meem, noj mus rau hauv tus account lub loads thov mus rau cov yam ntxwv tsev. Yog li, kab rov tav RC slabs siv tam nrog cov zajlus kom, ib tse nrog koj rods los ze zog mus rau lub hauv qab dav hlau ntawm lub phaj, - nyob qhov twg tus loj tshaj tensile rog.

Improvement technology

Niaj hnub no ua kev reinforced yuav muab rau cov khoom yuav tsum tau rau lub feem ntau tsuas yog teeb meem. Force ntsiab - qhov cuab lub zog tawb - yog ca thiab spatial TSHWM prestressed (txoj hlua, Nqaj) siv tam nrog paub yam ntxwv yam ntxwv. Ntau yam qhob admixtures qeeb los yog leeb qhov chaw thiab lub dag lub zog txoj kev loj hlob. Reinforced yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho raws li ib tug cim, ib cov khoom, thiab cov loj heev, yig vaj tse.

Processability, lub dag lub zog, durability, ya raws, bio-thiab hluav taws, kev khwv nyiaj txiag - cov zoo yuav mob qhov kev siv ntawm kev reinforced nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej. Monolithic RC slabs los yog npaj rau prefabricated tsev nyob siv yuav demand ib tug ntev heev lub sij hawm, vim hais tias, inter alia, muaj tej yam ntuj tso khoom xyaw, cov designs yog environmentally tus phooj ywg thiab yooj yim siv thiab reused.

Hom kev ua vaj tse slabs

Thaum lub qhov chaw ntawm daim ntawv thov yog distinguished foundation, txoj kev thiab pem teb slabs. Xws li ib tug khoom yuav manufactured nyob rau hauv ib lub Hoobkas thiab ces thauj mus rau qhov kev siv ntawm qhov chaw thiab ntsia. Feem ntau cov feem ntau ua kev reinforced slab, raws li zoo raws li lwm cov khoom Prefabricated vaj tse, yog tsau by Vuam los ntawm txoj kev nyob ruaj nrees hlau qhov chaw.

Lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib yuav manufactured zos. Lub tsev slab li foundation thiab apparatus rau intermediate pem teb thiab ru tsev npog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siv nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas tsis yog-tus qauv architecture qhov twg daim ntawv thov yog tsis yooj yim crane yuav tsum tau rau installation ntawm precast qhob khoom. Lub lag luam muaj ib tug txaus tus naj npawb ntawm pab kiag li lawm (xws li casing), ua cov txheej txheem pheej yig thiab nws tus kheej-kev tsim kho.

floating foundation

Qhov no puag qauv nyob rau hauv lub tsev - tsis pheej yig tshaj kev xaiv, tab sis feem ntau - lub feem ntau zajlus kom. Monolithic reinforced slab, rov qab ua dua nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm tus qauv npaj ntawm sab phab ntsa los ntawm cov thawj pem teb, feem ntau hu ua ib tug floating foundation. Qhov no txhais tau tias lub load rau tus neeg qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev yog kis tau mus rau lub hauv paus av uniformly cooker ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug tib lub caij, nws tsis yog kev kawm mus rau deformation vim heaving xau, loj tob ntawm khov los yog siab nqhuab qhov chaw. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tag nrho cov no siv rau lub hauv paus slab, tua nrog tsim nyog zoo.

Ib qho tseem ceeb thiab kuj kim los ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm view ntawm theem ntaus ntawv ntawm no foundation yog los npaj ib cov xuab zeb puag, uas yuav tsum tau molded phaj. Koj yuav tsum tau ua ib qhov nqi ntawm excavation, sau thiab kev cog lus ntawm cov xuab zeb - spilling dej los yog compaction.

Installation ntawm lub hauv paus phaj

Lub sab txheej no feem ntau yog dov geotextile uas tsis paim quav mus rau hauv cov av tshuaj. Ces, ib tug leveling qhob npaj rau waterproofing. Tom qab hardening ntawm no txheej yog unrolled yob waterproofing overlapping thiab gluing.

Qhov cuab lub zog yog ib tug ntaus ntawv ob interconnected mesh khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. Qhov cuab lub zog tuav lub sab txheej yog ntsia tau rau hauv tshwj xeeb clamps, yog li ntawd nws yog recessed nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb txheej. Concreting conveniently nqa tawm ncaj qha rau hauv lub tais Tov Khoom Truck, Qhob twj, thiab lwm yam Tom qab tua lub sij hawm muab pob zeb ua slab, lub hauv paus yog npaj txhij rau kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev.

Ib tug monolithic pem teb slab

Nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug uas tsis muaj-sawv lub tsev pem teb slab yog nrum hauv lub formwork rau hauv qhov chaw, siv ntau heev. Yuav kom qhov no muaj kev nkag tau. Sib nrug los ntawm cov kev mus Qhob zoo zoo - lub dag lub zog, hluav taws kub kuj, niaj hnub muab faib rau dab tsi nyuaj siab - muaj kev zoo nyob rau hauv kev xaiv cov technology. Chief ntawm lawv - lub tsis muaj yuav tsum tau rau hnyav siv cov khoom thiab tau overlapping li cov yam zoo nyob rau hauv txoj kev npaj saib.

Xam qhov yuav tsum tau phaj thickness thiab nws qhov cuab lub zog schemes yog zoo tshaj plaws sab laug mus rau lub kos duab. Nyob rau hauv lwm tus neeg mob nws yog tsim nyog los paub qhov nram qab no. Phaj yog tsis thinner tshaj 150 mm, qhov slab thickness yog txiav txim los ntawm qhov ntev ntawm lub overlapped aperture nyob rau hauv lub chav 1:30 - 1:35. Thaum reinforcing yog tsim nyog los nco ntsoov txog kev ntxiv zog rau ntawm ntug ntawm lub phaj U-zoo li tus thiab L-zoo li tus nkhaus.

technology nta

Muaj ntau yam kev xaiv rau reusable formwork rau monolithic slabs ntawm lub lag luam. Tab sis yuav nws kim heev rau tus pib xyaum ua builder. Txawm hais tias muaj lub sij hawm mus coj ib tug kev SNAP qhia tawm, thiab hais tias yuav yuav qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv - ib tug guarantee ntawm ceev thiab zoo tshaj ntawm overlapping pab kiag li lawm. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, yuav siv raws li ib tug cov nyiaj them yug telescopic racks yog ntau npaum li cas yooj yim tshaj lub laug cam los yog tuav, raws li muab tso rau hauv lub leveled formwork yog qho tseem ceeb heev.

Concreting yog tsim nyog los nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib kauj ruam, nrog compaction thiab vibrating lub sib tov. Nws yog thawj peb hnub moisturize tsuag qhob kom tsis txhob ntes ntawm sis tsis ncaj kom qhuav.

precast qhob

Siv cov kev faib ntawm cov vaj tse uas qhob khoom manufactured nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb Hoobkas kab, yog suav tias yog lub feem ntau haum rau loj multi-storey thaj vaj tse. Tab sis me me luaj li cas ntawm cottages Prefabricated slabs - heev haum kev xaiv. Prefabricated reinforced slab - ib tug pheej yig dua kev xaiv ntawm sib tshooj, lawv yuav tsum tau kev txhawb nyob rau hauv tej huab cua, thiab cov kev ceev ntawm installation yog ntau dua.

Yooj yim mus siv loj precast slab hnyav uas yog ua kev reinforced slabs. Lawv qhov ntev yog tus qauv - qhov no yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account nyob rau hauv lub tsim nyob ntev. Ib qho teeb meem - qhov yuav tsum tau rau ib tug crane, txawm ib tug me me rau thaj tsam ntawm sib tshooj.

Hom ntawm prefabricated slabs

Khoom, khoom phaj siv rau tshwj xeeb lug thiab Cheebtsam: raws li kho hais los yog raws rau routing kev sib txuas lus ntaus ntawv. Lawv txawv los ntawm siab zog thiab qhov hnyav.

Daim Hlau muaj ib tug yeej los yog arc-zoo li tus longitudinal kab noj hniav, sib zog thiab muaj zoo suab thiab tshav kub rwb thaiv tsev yam ntxwv. hollow-core qhob slabs - lub hom ntawm cov khoom siv rau precast slabs. Lawv yog siv rau cov vaj tse uas muaj ib lub hwj chim ua vaj tse ncej, prefabricated siv, cib ntsa, thiab lwm yam tsis muaj dabtsis yuav siv tau rau tso ntawm cables rau ntau yam ntaub ntawv sau npe - .. Electric, tsawg-voltage.

Qhov thib peb zoo - ribbed los yog hipped, feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam rau yuav tsum vov loj spans. Lub thickness ntawm cov slab sawv tsis suav hwj chim - ntawm 140-160 hli.

prestressed qhov cuab lub zog, uas ua rau cov kev kawm ntawv ntawm lawv lub zog zoo xws li cov kev kawm monolithic w / w plag tsev siv rau zus tau tej cov slabs.

Standard ntau thiab tsawg pab ntawm daim hlau

Kev siv cov precast hollow pem teb yuav tsum tau muab nyob rau theem ntawm tsim lub neej yav tom ntej lub tsev. Standard ntau thiab tsawg pab ntawm daim hlau tej zaum yuav ib tug txiav txim tau nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob lub hom phiaj ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej lub tsev. Sib tshooj, uas yuav yuav tsum tau uas tsis yog-tus qauv daim los yog phaj ntau thiab tsawg pab tej zaum yuav kim heev.

Yog li ntawd, tus tsim yuav tsum tau muab rau cov kev siv ntawm tus qauv hom: phaj thickness - 220 hli, dav - 1, 1.2 thiab 1.5 m, thiab qhov ntev - los ntawm 2.4 mus 9 m, ib tug ntau yam ntawm 100 hli.

Txoj kev ntawm zus tau tej cov slabs

Nyob rau hauv lub qhuav ntawm ob loj txoj kev yog siv hollow-core slabs. Ib tug - ntau tsoos, siv reusable shuttering pwm rau slabs tsis tu ncua, predetermined loj qauv. Tom qab lub installation ntawm fittings thiab ntsiab txoj kev ua voids, lub puab yog lawm ua tus sau nrog qhob mix thiab rhuab rau leeb tus txheej txheem ntawm curing ntawm qhob thiab muab lawv lub dag lub zog. Tau nyob rau hauv no txoj kev ua vaj tse slabs GOST 9561-91 qhia kos cov tsiaj ntawv PC.

Nyob rau hauv lwm - ib tug hnyav - yog twv los ntawm cov phaj stands rau ib tug rhuab ntaub pua raws li ib tug tas mus li ribbon ntawm 100-200 meters nyob rau hauv ntev siv ib tug tshwj xeeb molding tshuab. Prestressing yog ntawm daim ntawv tensioned steel ropes yuav tsum tau seem. Thaum ncav ib tug tej yam degree ntawm sib tov lub zog kab xev yog txiav nrog ib tug pob zeb diamond lub cuab tam rau hauv feem ntawm qhov kev kawm ntev thiab txawm nyob rau hauv yuav tsum tau kaum sab xis. Qhob slabs yog tau, uas nws tus nqe yog 20% tsawg dua uas cov pa khoom - daig kab - lub ntau lawm txoj kev. Cim cim xws phaj PB.

Designations hollow pem teb slabs muaj ob peb alphanumeric cim pab pawg. Lawv sawv cev rau lub hom, ntev thiab dav nyob rau hauv decimeters, tsim load (kPa), cov hom thiab cov chav kawm ntawv ntawm qhov cuab lub zog. Piv txwv li: PC 63-12-8- ATV - ib lub phaj nrog puag ncig kab noj hniav 63 dm ntev, ib tug dav ntawm 12 dm, load peev xwm - 800 kilograms ib m ^2, ATV - style txog leeg.

Installation ntawm prefabricated panels

Qhov zoo tshaj ntawm cov precast slab-core slabs nyob ntawm kom npaj rau assembling, los ntawm ceev faj thiab yog installation ntawm tus txheej txheem daim hlau nrog rau qhov xyuas ntawm tus txheej txheem los ntawm lub ntsuas ntsuas.

Yuav ua kom muaj kev cia siab ntawm qhov kev siv tsuas ua kom yog ntawm cov kabmob hauv cov phaj rau ib lub phab ntsa los yog kem. Lub optimum tob ntawm tus kabmob yog xaiv raws li nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa qauv, cov khoom uas tus kabmob lug. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hlau beams sufficiently 70mm kabmob phaj nrog ua kev reinforced pins - 75 hli, cov phab ntsa hauv lub cib - 90 hli.

Rau ntawm cov phab ntsa, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv siv raws li cov ntsiab ntawm cov uas tsis muaj kabmob muaj peev xwm - lub teeb ua vaj tse blocks, los yog roj silicate Polymer vaj huam sib luag, feem ntau nyob rau saum toj cov tub txawg pom zoo kom los ua ib tug qhob qhov cuab lub zog Pw nets, thiab uas yuav lean slab.

builders professionalism yog qhia kom meej meej nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm los ua ke ntawm prefabricated slabs. Yog hais tias fastening slabs kos qhov chaw welded mus rau txhua lwm yam yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw uas tsis muaj unitary qhov chaw, thiab random pov tseg valve - yuav tsum tau saib, zoo heev ib tug uas yuav ntawm kev puas tsuaj thoob plaws lub tsev qauv.

daim hlau txoj kev

Cov khoom no yog hu ua slab - ib tug parallelepiped nrog qhov ntev nyob rau hauv uas lub thickness yog me npaum li cas tshaj qhov ntev los yog dav. Qhov no siab siv rau lub pavement slabs. Lawv yog siv rau cov txheej cov khoom txoj kev ntaus ntawv los yog airfield runways. Xws li ib tug txheej tej zaum yuav mus li lawm los yog ib ntus, piv txwv li. E., Cov phiaj no yuav siv tau ob peb lub sij hawm, thiab qhov no yog ib tug ntawm qhov zoo ntawm lub tshuab. qhob slab muab xam yog ua raws li nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm daim ntawv thov, cov load rau lub tswv yim npaj pab them nqi thiab cov kev pab lub neej.

Thaum pw pavement slabs yog qho tseem ceeb heev rau qualitatively nqa tawm cov kev tsim nyog kev npaj ntawm lub hauv paus - feem ntau yog ib tug ntaub pua chaw pw txheej ntawm crushed pob zeb thiab gravel, thiab xuab zeb cushion cov yam thickness thiab ceev.

Paub qhov txawv daim hlau txoj kev thiab airfield, rau mus tas li los yog ib ntus txheej. Lawv txawv nyob rau hauv thickness thiab cov hom ntawm cov khoom siv nyob rau hauv nws cov kev siv thiab li qub. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv no yog thaws rov los nyob rau hauv lub npav muaj ntaub ntawv mus rau lub phaj.

Piv txwv li: 1P30.18-30AV - reinforced slab, qhov ntev - 3000h1750 hli, kev nruam txheej (2n - ib ntus) xam nyob rau hauv lub tsheb uas 30 tons, lub reinforcing steel siv hauv chav kawm ntawv AB.

rau txoj kev xaiv

Xaiv ib qho kev xaiv los ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm lub hauv paus, cov phab ntsa, plag tsev los yog pavement thiab runways pab zoo-tsim project theem. Niaj hnub nimno cov nroj tsuag ntawm qhob khoom muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov tas qhov chaw rau cov kev xav tau kev pab ntawm qhov kev siv cov txheej txheem.

Yuav qhob slabs, uas tus nqi yog heev tsim nyog, thiab qhov zoo tshaj - yoog mus rau kev cai thiab cov txheej txheem, yog heev tiag tiag.