Tagil tais: keeb kwm, kev piav qhia thiab cov lus tseeb

Nyob rau hauv peb lub hnub nyoog ntawm kev vam meej sai thiab kev kub ceev, kev tsim kho hluav taws xob thiab kev siv internet, ntau ntau thiab ntau tus pej xeem xav tau ib qho chaw tawm ntawm lub siab thiab kev sib tsoo. Kev ntshaw rau kev txiav txim siab rau tus kheej yog ib lub teb chaws coj ncaj ncees rau kev kawm txog kev coj noj coj ua thiab peb cov yawg koob ntawm peb cov poj koob yawm txwv. Qhov kev ntshaw txog kev ua kom tau ib yam dab tsi ua rau cov khoom tsim tawm. Rov qab mus rau ntawm lub hauv paus pib, peb tig mus rau cov neeg siv tes ua khoom plig. Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom qub uas sawv cev ntawm Lavxias teb sab yog Taghil tais.

Keeb kwm keeb kwm

Ntau tshaj peb puas xyoo yog keeb kwm ntawm no cov khoom siv tes ua pej xeem. Nws mus rau lub zos thiab cov zos ntawm lub Urals. Thaum thawj zaug hlau tais tshwm sim, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog tha xim, nws hais tsis tau. Qhov chaw nyob rau hauv qhov tob ntawm ib-paus xyoo, cov npe ntawm cov masters uas tau muab rau kev kos duab tiag tiag, rau cov khoom siv tes ua yeeb koob Great Russia, tau ploj mus.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm Tagil tais pib nrog lub steel mills ntawm Demidov tsev neeg. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm XVIII caug xyoo, cov industrialists pib casting hlau nyob rau hauv Nizhny Tagil (1725), Nevyansk thiab Vyisk (1722). Los ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm tib caug xyoo, raws li cov keeb kwm, tus ntses yog nthuav dav thiab ua cov hauj lwm cais: smith, varnisher, ovschik.

Tag nrho XVIII caug xyoo ntawm kev tsim cov fishery yog hnub nyoog ntawm Khudoyarovs 'cov duab. Icon painters nyob rau hauv ob peb tiam, cov kwv tij Vavila thiab Fedor, tsiv cov tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm kev nrag duab, cov khoom qub thiab kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv dai khaub ncaws khoom ntawm txhua txhua hnub, lub tais, lub tsho, cov tais diav. Nws yog rau cov masters uas yog Tagil tais yog txoj haujlwm ntawm kev kos duab "cyrus" - lub hauv paus golden yog muab tso nrog cov keeb kwm dawb lias. Tom qab hardening nrog ib tug nyias twj rau kub, tshem tawm cov txheej sab saum toj, tau txais txawv txawv qauv. Cov neeg ua yeeb yam kuj muaj lub laj thawj ntawm lub "crystal varnish", tsis tshua pom thiab tshav kub. Pleev xim Demidovy tais thiab tais diav, xa mus rau lub palaces ntawm ob capitals ntawm Russia.

Lub hnub yug ntawm tus ntses

Qhov kawg ntawm lub XVIII - pib ntawm XIX caug xyoo - lub heyday ntawm lub fishery. Nws yog hu ua lub hnub nyoog ntawm Demidovs, uas peb mam li tham txog me ntsis tom qab. Demidovs tau tsiv mus rau ib tus neeg ua khoom siv tes ua txoj haujlwm, kev lag luam. Warehouses muaj xim thawv, yob, cov tais, lub tais thiab lwm yam khoom hauv tsev "roob hauv nroog", raws li lawv hu ua Nizhny Tagilsk, mus rau Irbit thiab Makaryevskaya fairs, thiab los ntawm Nizhny Novgorod, Central Asia thiab Europe. Nws yog Golden Hnub nyoog ntawm kev tsim cov fishery.

Txiav Txim Siab thiab Kev Tshaj Tawm

Txij li thaum nruab nrab ntawm XIX caug xyoo, nrog qhov pib ntawm lub era ntawm industrialization, lub txav ntawm pej xeem crafts thiab yuav luag txhua handicrafts pib. Accelerating pace ntawm lub neej yuam kom muab cov lus zoo ua haujlwm, hloov nws nrog simplistic, tsis tshua muaj stylized cov ntaub ntawv. Tes forging muab txoj kev rau industrial, exquisite thawj qhov hloov lub stencil.

Los ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, lub neej ntawm cov neeg nuv ntses tau muab khaws cia rau hauv ob peb tug tub ceev xwm, xws li Proletary thiab Krasnaya Zarya. Cov twj txua tawm ntawm cov nplhaib tau xaj hauv Lavxias tebchaw Xeev, yog li lawv raug xa mus rau Middle East thiab Tuam Tshoj.

Qhov tsuas yog cov kob ntawm cov ntawv qaib Tagil yog qhov kev kawm ntawm lub koom haum Nizhnetagilsky enamelware.

Txij thaum 90s ntawm lub xyoo dhau los, txij li thaum era ntawm perestroika thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub lag luam me, qeeb thiab zoo rov qab ntawm cov neeg tsis nco qab pib. Lub rooj txhawb siab ntawm cov cim tes-pleev xim rau lub hauv paus thiab lub koom haum ntawm cov tswv.

Lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Demidovs

Hais txog Demidovs lub tsev kawm ntawv nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau qhia rau nyias, vim hais tias nws tau muab peb cov tswv yim zoo li Dubasnikovs, Chausovs, Kaigorodovs thiab Peresolovs.

Tus Demidov cov lag luam kuj paub zoo tias qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv kev sib tw yog cov neeg ua haujlwm. Nws yog nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev cob qhia thiab kev cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm uas lawv nrhiav hauv 1806 lub tsev kawm ntawv uas lawv tau caw los qhia cov kev qhia txog kev thaij duab ntawm tus Imperial Academy of Arts V. I. Albychev.

Hauv tsev kawm ntawv tau plaub xyoos, tsuas yog cov tub kawm kawm, pib thaum muaj hnub nyoog 12 xyoos. Tab sis ntau lawm tseem muaj cov neeg ua haujlwm. Tom qab ntawd lawv pib coj ntxhais thiab poj niam tuaj kawm ntawv. Nws yog qhov nthuav qhia tias Demidovs, raws li ib qho kev txhawb siab rau txoj kev ntshaw kawm "sau ntawv zoo," vim yog kev txhawb nqa cov poj niam nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khaub ncaws. Maj mam, cov creation ntawm cov xim tho rau hauv cov poj niam txhais tes, uas yog hnub no.

Lub tsev kawm ntawv tau muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau txoj kev tsim cov fishery los ua cov qauv zoo nkauj. Cov Tagil palette ntawm cov tais yuav hlob zoo nrog lawv cov kab lig kev cai.

Tsis ntev, cov qhabnias Tagil sawv pib "paj ntoo" rau cov khoom - lub cim paj uas tau ntau xyoo tau dhau los ua tus ntes ntawm tus ntses.

Taghil tais - lub tais, cov duab, nrog cov ntsiab lus qhia tseeb thiab cov xim tha xim, qhia txog cov dab neeg thiab keeb kwm zaj dab neeg.

Maj mam, qhov kev txhim kho ntawm daim duab ntawm ib daim ntawv sau ntau lub riveted. Cov duab ua hlau, cov qauv kab laug sab thiab cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws uas tsim los ntawm cov xaim pob zeb, ua lub hauv paus rau artistic painting. Qhov no tsim cov Tagil tais.

Tshwj xeeb Tagil painting kuj tsim - cov txheej txheem ntawm ob chav brushstroke. Tib lub sijhawm, cov lus qhia tseem ceeb hauv zaj dab neeg tau tsim.

Cov pub leejtwg ntawm vanish

Cov pub leejtwg ntawm lacquer dynasty Khudoyarovyh muaj nyob rau hauv lub proportions yaj nyob rau hauv turpentine kopal, hemp roj thiab turpentine conifers. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau sab hnub tuaj txias varnishing, ib txoj kev ntawm sai kub (nyob rau ntawm ib tug kub ntawm 300 degrees) varnishing twb siv. Cov kab xev ntxiv tau lead oxide thiab manganese - cov kua roj vanish tau pib los ua kom pom thiab muaj zog dua. Daim card tsis yog daws.

Dab tsi yog ib qho xim Tagil?

Lub tais tau tsim thiab mus txuas ntxiv rau hauv cov kev cob qhia. Kev hloov tshuab yog hloov, tab sis hnub no xuas tes ua haujlwm zoo yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev sib tw.

Cov duab ntawm lub tais yog tsim los ntawm txoj kev thwj cim thiab npog ob zaug nrog av, thiab tom qab ntawd ces nrog cov xim dub. Tom qab ziab, lub workpiece kis mus rau hauv ob txhais tes ntawm tus artist, ces tus ornamentalist. Tom qab tha xim, qhov khoom yog vam meej.

Niaj hnub nimno cov ntses

Lawv tsim cov hauj lwm kos duab hauv Nizhny Tagil qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua thiab cov khoom siv tes ua. Cov cai muaj cai tiv thaiv los ntawm cov kev cai patent. Tagil Cov Tais tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam txog kev txaus siab ntawm cov neeg txawv teb chaws thiab cov neeg sau khoom. Masters koom nrog exhibitions thiab auctions nyob rau hauv Russia thiab deb tshaj nws ciam teb. Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Nizhny Tagil thiab Yekaterinburg txaus siab ntawm cov khoom nplua nuj ntawm Tagil cov tais uas tau tawm hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, Fabkis, Poland thiab lwm lub teb chaws.

Taghil tais, hnub no paub deb dhau peb teb koj chaw. Cov hauj lwm ntawm Khudoyarov thiab Dubasnikov masters yog cov pearls ntawm kev nthuav qhia ntawm Lavxias teb sab tsev cia puav pheej thiab cov khoom ntiag tug. Tagil cov khoom raug nthuav tawm rau cov thawj coj thiab cov nom tswv. Original Tagil "lacquer" painting yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov neeg ua paj ntaub uas tau cawm kom mus txog hnub no thiab tseem niaj hnub ua kev zoo nkauj thiab kev zoo siab ntawm cov thawj coj.