Stanislav Markelov, ib tug Lavxias teb sab kws lij choj: biography, cov duab

SUPERVISION tus kws lij choj nyob rau hauv Russia tau tau extraordinary chaw nyob rau hauv lub 1990s thiab 2000s. Txawm tam sim no, lub teb chaws tus tsev yog tus sau los ntawm cov kws lij choj ntawm tag nrho cov tau txuj ci tsim nyog, tab sis zoo tiag tiag cov tub txawg nyob rau hauv lawv tsis ntau.

Lub siab tawv, muaj peev xwm mus tiv thaiv lawv lub tswv yim nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lwm leej lwm tus, tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi, - ib tug txawv feature upscale tus kws lij choj. Tag nrho cov nta twb yam ntxwv ntawm ib qho ntawm feem nto moo tib neeg txoj cai 1990-2000-ies, Stanislav Yurevich Markelov. Nws ua hauj lwm twb yuav luag ib txwm txuam nrog cov paub zag affairs ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm, thiab xwb nws lub neej thiab kev tuag tau los ua ib tug nrov pej xeem cov kev tshwm sim.

biography

Stanislav Markelov yug nyob rau hauv Moscow nyob rau hauv 1974. Twb tau nyob rau lub 19 xyoo nws tau nrhiav kom ncaj qha koom nyob rau hauv cov haiv neeg, yuav tsum tau yeej ib txwm nyob rau lub forefront. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1993 thaum lub sij hawm cov ntshav txheej xwm ntawm "Black Lub kaum hli ntuj," Markelov pab cov neeg raug ua hauj lwm ntawm cov tub rog. Nyob ib ncig ntawm tib lub sij hawm nws tuaj koom lub Social-ywj pheej tog ntawm Russia yog koom muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv txoj cai campaigns. Tej zaum tej yam muaj cuam tshuam rau lub neej tom ntej kev xaiv ntawm txoj hauj lwm, thiab nyob rau hauv 1997 nws kawm tiav lub State Academy ntawm txoj cai lij choj ntawm Moscow.

International Club thiab lub Union ntawm cov kws lij choj - ib qho ntawm feem prestigious cov zej zog nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, thiab ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm ib tug hluas kws - Stanislav Markelov. Cov biography ntawm tus txiv neej no kuj muaj xws li lub hauv paus ntawm lub koom haum ntawm cov cai ntawm kev cai lij choj, uas nws mus.

kev hauj lwm

Los ntawm cov outset, Markelov twb hais tseg raws li ib tug tsov rog teeb meem txhaum cai kws muaj txuj, neeg ua phem txheej xwm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas tau txais ib tug ntau resonance nyob rau hauv lub zej zog. Txhua leej txhua tus paub hais tias nws yog ib tug active anti-fascist uas nyob rau hauv yooj yim tej yam kev mob ntawm kev cai ywj pheej nyob rau hauv Russia txuas ntxiv mus sib ntaus sib tua rau tib neeg txoj cai.

Stanislav Markelov - ib tug kws lij choj, yog tsis ntshai ntawm txawm lub feem ntau complex thiab seemingly losing dab. Nyob rau hauv lub lig '90s, nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv rooj plaub Andreya Sokolova, uas twb liam nyob rau hauv lub bombing ntawm lub imperial tsev neeg ntawm cov memorial ntawm lub toj ntxas Vagankove, raws li zoo raws li ib tug monument rau Nicholas II. Chiv, tag nrho cov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau raug coded, lub nws thiab nws equated nrog cov neeg phem. Markelov muaj peev xwm los xyuas kom meej tias cov ntaub ntawv tau muab faib seem kawm thiab nws thiaj li Sokolov hais ib tsab xov xwm nyob rau hauv qhov kev puas tsuaj xeev cov cuab yeej.

Nyob rau hauv nws xyaum, nws tsis tau ib zaug kev nyuaj siab nrog kev ua phem ntsig txog kev teeb meem txhaum cai. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv "Krasnodar cov ntaub ntawv" Larisy Schiptsovoy Stanislav Yurevich Markelov muaj pov thawj hais tias nws tau raug siab los ntawm tus raug txim, tab sis lub tswv yim ntawm ntxiv tiv thaiv ntawm tus neeg raug liam nyob rau hauv lub kawg tau muab kev koom tes raws li ib tug tim khawv thiab tsis pom zoo txoj cai los sawv cev rau nws txaus siab.

Nws tau koom tes raws li ib tug kev cai lij choj kws muaj txuj nyob rau hauv lub tsom xam ntawm ib tug plurality ntawm high-profile murders. Yog ib tug ntawm cov kws lij choj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Budanov, uas yog tsis ntshai hais lus tawm tsam lub taub hau ntawm lub Chechen koom pheej Ramzan Kadyrov nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov kev cai ntawm cov qub insurgent Zaur Musahainova, nws koom nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem tshaj lub kev ntawm hostages nyob rau Dubrovka. Stanislav Markelov, seemingly xaiv nthuav ntau thiab muaj teeb meem lub tsev hais plaub tus neeg mob, thiab, tseem ceeb tshaj, lawv yog feem ntau yeej.

Notoriety, nrog nws tag nrho nws lub neej, ua si ib tug neeg tuag taus luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev tuag.

Hem thiab cov thawj nres

Neo-Nazis kos mloog mus rau Stanislav Markelov rov qab nyob rau hauv 2004, thaum nws sawv cev tus saib xyuas ntawm tsev neeg ntawm Elza Kungarovoy kidnapped thiab tua Yuriem Budanovym. Lavxias teb sab tib neeg txoj cai activist sawv rau ntau lub txim loj heev rau lub qub Colonel, hais tias, nyob rau hauv lem, tau tshwm sim los discontent ntawm cov radical pawg.

Nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis 2004, ob peb cov txiv neej tawm tsam Markelov rau ntawm ib lub subway noj, tuav nws thiab coj deb tseem ceeb cov ntaub ntawv. Tus neeg sim mus tso ib tug kev tshawb nrhiav, tab sis nws yeej tsis tau txais khiav. Thaum tib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw ntawm Nazi cov koom haum, nws lub npe nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov tau lub hom phaj rau kev ua pauj.

Nws yog noteworthy tias nyob rau hauv lub hnub ntawm lub tua neeg, Stanislav Markelov, yog tseem tam sim no nyob rau kev saib xyuas ntawm lub zag rooj plaub uas muab ntxiv rau taug xaiv txog qhov no tshwm sim raws li qhov ua rau ntawm kev tuag ntawm ib tug kws lij choj.

fateful hnub

Lub ib hlis ntuj 19, 2004 Markelov coj ib feem nyob rau hauv ib tug xovxwm rooj sab laj los tham txog parole Yuri Budanov. Nyob rau hauv tsev neeg activist Kungaeva hais nws tsis sib haum nrog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub tsev hais plaub ntawm lub Ulyanovsk cheeb tsam, thiab cog lus tseg rau ua txhua yam mus rho nws.

Tom qab cov xovxwm rooj sab laj Stanislav Markelov thiab Anastasia Baburova tawm ntawm lub tsev nyob rau Prechistenka thiab mus rau lub tsheb thaum los kom tau raws li ib tug txiv neej nyob rau hauv ib tug dub tsho taug kev nyob ib ncig ntawm lawv thiab txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv nyob rau hauv lub taub hau tus kws lij choj. Cov kev tuag ntawm ib tug hluas journalist uas thaj yog lo. Judging los ntawm cov kev yees duab cov koob yees duab rau cov tom ntej no, nws sim lawj cov neeg tua neeg, tab sis twb tua nyob rau hauv lub taub hau. Rau lwm tus neeg, Baburova kuj yog ib tug lub hom phiaj, nws cov khoom feem ntau teem rau lub kev pab pawg nyob rau hauv Russia.

Ib tug txiv neej tom qab qhia raws li ultra-nationalist Nikita Tikhonov, khiav lub scene, dispersed passers-phom. Markelov tuag tam sim ntawd, nws thaum xub thawj tseem ciaj sia, tab sis tuag nyob rau hauv lub tsev kho mob.

Anastasia Baburova - kev npaj txhij txog tus neeg raug mob

Nyob rau hauv qhov kev ua txhaum ntau cov lus nug. Piv txwv li, hais tias txuas cov muaj teeb meem tus kws lij choj thiab ib tug hluas raws yus sib hwj sau xov xwm ntawm "Novaya Gazeta", yog vim li cas tua cov ob tug ntawm lawv, yog vim li cas nyob rau hauv no hnub?

Anastasia Baburova yog kaj thiab txawv tshaj plaw cwm pwm. Dua li ntawm qhov es cov tub ntxhais uas muaj hnub nyoog, nws paub ntau yam lus, kawm ntawm MGIMO, qhov twg sab laug rau nws tus kheej teg num, thiab tsis ntev muaj ib tug degree nyob rau hauv journalism ntawm Moscow State University.

Nastya - lub activist anti-fascist zog, thiab nws tsis yog tas rau xwb sau cov khoom, nws tuav rallies thiab nws koom nyob rau hauv ntau yam tawm tsam tiv thaiv neo-Nazi kev ua ub no, tiv thaiv cov cai ntawm cov migrants los ntawm nyob sib ze lub teb chaws.

Baburova kuj tau txais ntshai heev txawm los ntawm lub camp ntawm Nazis, tab sis, raws li cov phooj ywg, yog tsis ntshai thiab tsis thim los ntawm lawv cov tswv yim. Nws txawm koom nyob rau hauv ib co martial arts, tej zaum, thiab yog li ntawd tsis ntshai pov nws tus kheej nyob rau ntawm nws killer.

Qhov kev tshawb xyuas pom tias nws txoj kev tuag raws li cov kev huam yuaj, tab sis yog, muab cov kev ua ntawm aspiring sau xov xwm, koj yuav tsis tsis kam tau txhob txwm tawm tsam nyob rau hauv ua ntej.

Tom qab txhaj tshuaj tag tus hluas nkauj ntawd tseem muaj sia ib pliag, tab sis lub tsheb thauj neeg mob tuaj txog rau ntawm lub scene tom qab xwb 40 feeb. Tom qab ntawd, Anastasia tus txiv hais tias nws tus ntxhais tej zaum tseem yuav raug cawm dim.

versions

Tam sim ntawd tom qab lub txhaum, qhov kev tshawb nrhiav tau qhia tias cov tua neeg ntawm Markelov yog ncaj qha txog nws cov kev ua ub raws li ib tug kws lij choj. Cov neeg uas paub cov tib neeg txoj cai activist, tam sim ntawd qhia rau txoj kev txhaum vim lub Budanov cov ntaub ntawv. Stanislav Markelov xav rov hais dua qhov kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv qhov kev tso tawm ntawm Colonel ua ntej thaum xaus ntawm lub sij hawm, thiab, raws li Lva Ponomarova, Stanislav Yurevich tau pheej tau txais ntshai heev txawm nyob lub sij hawm no.

Tib lub tswv yim qhia thiab Kungaev tsev neeg nyob lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv Norway, lawv yog ncaj qha mus txuas Budanov tawm ntawm lub tsev kaw neeg thiab nrov tua neeg ntawm ib tug kws lij choj. Txawm hais tias disgraced colonel kiag li tsis kam muab tej kev koom tes, hais tias nws tsis tau ua kev zoo siab rau tua leej twg ntawm tag nrho cov.

Qhov thib ob version, uas tom qab ua lub ntsiab - nws yog kua zaub ntsuab rau lub neo-kev ua si Markelov, vim hais tias nws ntse defended cov cai ntawm cov anti-fascists nyob rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub.

Muaj coob tus tau sim mus nrhiav tus tua ntawm ib tug Chechen txoj lw neeg raug foob tus kws lij choj nyob rau hauv ntau lub sij hawm los ua objectionable mus rau tsoom fwv ntawm lub koom pheej neeg. Nws yog koom nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam ntawm kidnapping Mokhmadsalakh Masaev, thiab txawm xav thov kom lub tsev hais plaub European of Human Rights txog nws disappearance.

kev tshawb nrhiav

Cov prosecutor lub chaw ua hauj lwm tam sim ntawd pib ib rooj plaub txhaum cai nyob rau hauv Kos duab. 105 h. 1. Txawm li cas los, cov neeg phem ntawd lub ntes tshwm sim yuav luag ib xyoo. Tag nrho lub sij hawm no lub neeg sau xov xwm tau soj qab nws tua pov tseg tij laug, ib tug qub State Duma deputy Mikhail Markelov, ob peb lub sij hawm ua cov nqe lus uas nws paub tus criminals thiab nws yog nquag koom tes nrog qhov kev tshawb nrhiav.

Kaum ib hlis 3 twb detained ex-tug tswv cuab ntawm lub koom haum RNU (Lavxias teb sab teb chaws sib sau) Nikita Tikhonov thiab Yevgenia Khasis nws pab. version ntawm yog vim li cas rau cov kua zaub ntsuab killings tau paub tseeb hais tias. Tom qab tag nrho, Stanislav Markelov feem ntau pab los ntawm UFW ntawm cov anti-fascist zog kom tsis txhob hauv tsev lojcuj. Qhov ntau li ntawd vim hais xws li ib tug txoj kev tuag yuav yog ib lub cim ntawm cov rog ntawm neo-Nazis, ib tug riam phom ntawm deterrence rau lwm tus neeg.

lub tsev hais plaub

Txij li thaum lub cov ntaub ntawv tau txais ntau tshaj tawm, qhov kev tshawb nrhiav ntawd kub ntev li rau yuav luag ob xyoos, lub foob yuav tsis pub tej kev ua xyem xyav nyob rau hauv lub pov thawj thiab lus tim khawv, rau tag nrho cov txheej txheem tau tas li nyob rau nce pej xeem mloog thiab txawm lub tsoom fwv.

Neeg phem Tikhonov txais nws kev txhaum, tab sis categorically tsis kam muab tej kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub nationalist tog. Thaum mus sib hais, nws khuv xim lub tua neeg ntawm Anastasia Baburova, hu rau nws ib tug yuam kev. Tsis tas li ntawd pom tau hais tias wine thiab Yevgenia Khasis, uas tracked lub zog ntawm Lavxias teb sab tib neeg txoj cai activist.

Plaub Hlis Ntuj 28, 2011 txiav txim kev txiav txim siab twb mus. Ob suspects tsis tsim nyog leniency, Tikhonov tau txais ib lub neej kab lus, nws accomplice nyob rau hauv qhov kev ua txhaum - 18 xyoo.

Public cov tshuaj tiv thaiv

Cov tua neeg ntawm Stanislav Markelov thiab Anastasia Baburova tshwm sim los ib tug cua daj cua dub ntawm ntau yam lus.

Tsis tshua muaj neeg sharply reacted kom UNESCO Director-General, defining txhaum neeg tuag taus tshuab rau tib neeg cov cai nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation. Lavxias teb sab President Dmitry Medvedev qhia nws condolences mus rau lub tsev neeg ntawm tus neeg uas raug, tab sis hais tias tsis txhob muab rooj plaub ib tug nom tswv xim.

Nthuav nyob rau hauv no cov hlab ntsha, lub taub hau ntawm Chechnya, Ramzan Kadyrov, ib tug cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tsis yog tsuas yog hais tias Stanislav Yurevich Markelov tseeb patriot, tab sis kuj muab nws ib tug posthumous puav pheej.

Markelov associates ntawm kev ua si thiab kev zoo sib thooj ntawm ideology sau tseg qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tib neeg txoj cai activist tuag. Lawv muab sau lub backwardness thiab cowardice ntawm Lavxias teb sab haiv neeg, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau dab tsi cov kws lij choj uas raug tua yog tsis ntshai qhia lawv cov kev xav thiab kev ntseeg laj mej pej xeem.

nco

Qhov no muab ob npaug rau tua neeg tau cuam tshuam tsis tsuas yog cov neeg uas paub Markelov thiab Baburin. Cia li ob peb hnub tom qab qhov kev tshwm sim rau lub scene ntawm lub txim txhaum twb tsis muaj ab tsi cov neeg mus sib ntsib thiab sib tham txog dab tsi tshwm sim.

Nyob rau hauv 2012, 2013 thiab 2015 anti-fascists ncaav lub zej zog cov rooj sib tham nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm cov neeg tua, ib tug txiv neej thiab ib tug poj niam tuaj nrog banners thiab slogans hu rau kev hwm rau tib neeg cov cai nyob rau hauv Russia, rau lub hom phiaj ntawm cov uas nws nyob thiab ua hauj lwm, Stanislav Markelov, dab tsi tua tus naas ej tib neeg txoj cai activist.

Lub cim xeeb ntawm nws tseem nyob. Nws lub dag zog thiab kev rau siab yuav ua tau ib qho piv txwv rau cov neeg uas yog sim nyob rau hauv ib tug kev cai lij choj cov ntaub ntawv. Nws yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj yog tsis ntshai nyob raws nyob rau hauv tiv thaiv nws taw tes ntawm view, muaj peev xwm ua kom pom tseeb rau cov lus tseeb es tsis yuam los ntawm cov yooj yim version ntawm dab tsi tshwm sim.