Shotcrete: Lub tshuab tej hauj lwm thiab nta

Tshaj yav dhau los 100 xyoo txau qhob technology innovation nws tau los ua ib tug classic thiab yog siv nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm industries mus daws tau ntau yam lawm tej teeb meem. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv tsis ntev los no xyoo vim qhov kev nce rau ntawm tagnrho cov kho thiab kev tsim kho ua hauj lwm txaus siab nyob rau hauv no txoj kev nce markedly. Txau yog ib tug layering ntawm plaster los yog qhob lub ntsiab los ntawm imposing siab los ntawm kev uas sis hais yog muab nrog ib tug npaj nto ntawm cov tshuaj. Uas twb muaj lawm tej kab nrib pleb thiab me me pores yog lawm ua tus sau thaum lub sij hawm lub lag luam.

nws los ntawm kev siv ib thaj av

Daim ntawv thov ntawm tsuag qhob hnub no yog heev. Cov txheej txheem no yog siv los muab cov pob zeb nyob rau hauv underground tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tsuas thiab tunneling. Yuav tsis ua li cas tsis no technology thiab kho vaj tse thiab ua kev reinforced lug. Cov no muaj xws strengthening thiab kev hloov ntawm lwj khoom. Shotcrete yog siv thaum nqa tawm kev sib khi, raws li ib tug refractory khoom. Nws pom nws thoob plaws uas tsis yog-ferrous, ferrous, tshuaj, MAAs thiab iav lag luam, txhua tus uas yog txuam nrog high-kub dab. Nws yog thov muab ib tug tiv thaiv kev coj-resistant txheej. Heev feem ntau, qhov no txoj kev yog siv los tsim khoom ntawm artistic lub hom phiaj. Cov txheej txheem yog siv rau mounting ntawm av siv hauv av. Qhov no siv rau cia li thiab qho to, raws li zoo raws li ntxiv dag zog rau qhov chaw siab tshaj thaum lub sij hawm qhov kev siv ntawm txoj kev junctions thiab cov txuas hniav.

Main nta ntawm lub tshuab

Thaum ua ntawv thov shotcrete, technology yog yus muaj los ntawm tej yam ntxwv, ntawm lawv - tau ua ntawv thov cov muaj pes tsawg leeg rau ntawm cov sis tsis ncaj nto thiab ib lub hauv paus, nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov dav hlau. Qhov no yog vim high nplaum zog sib tov thiab nws tus kheej-txhawb muaj peev xwm. Nabryzg ua thaum muaj kev kub siab thiab ceev, uas tso cai rau rau yav tom ntej adhesion ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Tom qab lub tso zaj duab xis yog compressed ntawm nws tus kheej. Lub thickness ntawm tus nto yuav tau txais ib yam, uas yuav yog nyob ntawm seb cov kev mob thiab tej teeb meem. Tej zaum cov chaw ua hauj lwm nrog qhov cuab lub zog, uas siv cov tshuaj qhov cuab lub zog los yog tshwj xeeb fibers. Lub tshuab tso cai rau koj sai tsim txhawb lug tsis muaj cov kev pab ntawm formwork thiab kuj yuav rhuav tshem ntev tos sij hawm.

Hom ntawm shotcrete technology

Shotcrete yuav tau mus thov nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev: ib ntub dej los yog qhuav. Nyob rau hauv thawj cov ntaub ntawv, cov tshuaj tsuag nozzle yog noj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug npaj txhij-mix qhob. Qhov no yuav ua tau los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb lub raj. Cov nyob tus yeees yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug kwj nruam. Nws yuav siv cov nyias huab cua , thiab pob zeb ua. Raws li ib tug kom zoo dua ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog tau siv ib yam muaj pes tsawg leeg, ib tug me ntsis dusting, nrhiav thaws khoom thiab muaj peev xwm mus tag lub grout sib tov tom qab daim ntawv thov. Cov uas ua surplus yuav siv tau rau lwm yam kev siv ua hauj lwm. Lub ntub txoj kev thov tsuag qhob yuav tau ua nyob rau hauv ceev rau tej qhov chaw.

Tsis zoo ntawm ntub deposition

Shotcrete yuav tsum muaj ntaub ntawv los ntawm ib ntub dej txoj kev, tab sis nws muaj tej yam drawbacks, qhia nyob rau hauv uas tsis muaj tshuaj txaus tus nqi uas tsis pub rau siab tshaj plaws tsim ceev. Lub thickness ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txheej no tsuas siv thiab tsis pub tshaj 3 centimeters ib muaj ib tug mus kom ze. Rau txij nkawm shotcrete tshuab thaum nws yog siv nyob rau hauv lub ntub txoj kev, muaj zog uas yuav tsum tau. Ntxiv mus, tus tswv yog ua txhua yam rau lub pob zeb ntau lawm qhov chaw, thiab siv tus ntev tes tsho yog tsis tau. Qhov no txwv maneuverability.

Nta qhuav shotcrete

Thov tsuag qhob yuav tau ua los ntawm ib tug qhuav technology, thiab cov uas muab rau pub tus sib tov nrog fillers, nyias ua nyias dej los ntawm cov hose. Thaum zoo li no nws yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw ncaj qha nyob rau hauv lub Cav Tshuab Pa Tshuaj. Xav cov kev pab cuam, yog muab tau rau nyob tus yeees ntawm ntev-deb li zoo raws li ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv lub tus nqi ndlwg ntawm lub mortar. Interlayer adhesion thiab adhesion nrog tus nto ntawm cov thawj txheej nce, nws yuav tau hais txog qhov kev ua tau zoo, tab sis lub thov txheej tej zaum yuav muaj ib tug tuab txog li 60 millimeters. Yog hais tias koj siv cov txheej txheem no, lub hauv paus yuav tsis xav tau ib tug ntxiv primer, cov khoom tsis muab rau qhov yuav tsum tau ntxuav. Nws yuav txaus mus tshuab nws nrog compressed cua.

Tsis zoo ntawm qhuav txoj kev

Ntawm qhov chaw ntawm daim ntawv thov kev siv qhuav shotcreting yuav kos tus cim muaj zog muaj kuab paug thiab hmoov av. Cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau muaj qhov kev tsim nyog tsim nyog. Qhov ratio ntawm dej mus rau qhuav sib tov yuav tsum tau tom thiab soj ntsuam thaum lub sij hawm lub txheej txheej txheem.

Muaj pes tsawg leeg ua vaj tse

Yog hais tias koj xav siv shotcrete, lub sib tov yog pom zoo kom xyaum tshawb fawb. Yuav kom npaj rau kev siv ntawm MAAs thiab xuab zeb nyob rau hauv tus piv 1: 3 los yog 1: 4, txhua yam yuav yog nyob ntawm seb ua hauj lwm zoo yuav tsum rau lub tsim. Nyob rau hauv thawj cov ntaub ntawv, ntawm qhov chaw yuav yuav zoo kawg nkaus puag nrog tus neeg kho tshuab thiab lub thib ob - nrog cov huab cua. Nws yog tsim nyog los npaj xws li ib nqi ntawm sib tov, uas koj yuav tsum tau mus ua hauj lwm tawm nyob rau hauv 3 teev, txwv tsis pub nws yuav balling, MAAs loses active zoo.

Yog hais tias koj xav mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau ntawm lub qis kub, mus rau saum toj cov khoom xyaw yuav tsum tau ntxiv plasticizers, uas yog pre-diluted nyob rau hauv cov dej. Yog hais tias tsim nyog, cov kev npaj ntawm ib tug qhuav sib tov ntxiv nyob rau hauv cov hmoov daim ntawv no. Twj generated thaum lub sij hawm thaws ntawm cov khoom, yuav tsum siv tsis tau rau ob nws cov tshuaj.

ntxiv cov khoom xyaw

Ib txhia tuam txhab uas muag tej zaum tsim additives rau shotcrete. Ib tug patent rau ib tug invention, los yog ib tug es thov rau nws, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, koj yuav tsum xa. Tsuas yog hais tias tus khoom yuav muab muag. Raws li ib qho piv txwv, xav txog ib daim ntawv thov rau ib tug patent ntawm RF №2543233, nyob rau lub sib tov yog supplemented nrog ntau additives. Yog li, nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm lawv raws li tus koom haum pab tivthaiv ua hauj lwm pab hydrofluoric acid. Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb yog ib tug ob tivthaiv stabilizer - sodium aluminate. Acidic Cheebtsam - phosphoric acid derivatives. Wherein nyob rau hauv thawj kauj ruam cov dej yog rhuab mus rau ib tug kub ntawm 60 mus rau 110 degrees, thiab tom qab nws yog nkag tau rau hauv lub txhuas sulfate thiab hydrofluoric acid, diethanolamine thiab acidic stabilizer tivthaiv. Nyob rau hauv lub kauj ruam tom ntej lub ntsiab tivthaiv yog tswvcuab.

Muaj pes tsawg leeg "Zeke" tsuag qhob

Yog hais tias koj xav paub dab tsi nyob tus yeees ntawm cov shotcrete lub tuam txhab "Sika", yuav tsum tau ua ntau me ntsis txog cov lub yam ntxwv ntawm sib tov. Yog li, nws yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, uas twb ua tau ua tsaug rau tshwj xeeb additives thiab modulating tshuaj. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav daws tau ntau yam teeb meem, cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus siv ib tug tej yam daim ntawv qhia. Rau xis mas thiab xuab zeb stabilizers yuav muab ntxiv nyob rau hauv lub saum toj no proportions uas txhim khu lub segregational stability ntawm sib tov. Tej zaum cov nws accelerators thov lub chaw thiab hardening, raws li zoo raws li inhibitors thiab additives rau lub hauv paus ntawm microsilica. Qhov kawg ntawm cov khoom xyaw yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho lub dag lub zog thiab impermeability. Shotcrete, uas nws qhua yuav tsum ua raws li cov nram qab no designations: 26633, yus muaj los ntawm koj ua tau zoo.

nto npaj

Ua ntej cov thawj txheej hnyav yog thov, lub hauv paus yog kev tiv thaiv hydraulically los ntawm Sandblasting. Lub nto yuav tsum nyob twj ywm tshwv kob qub, plaster, ua vaj tse, av, av thiab plua tshauv. Yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug qhov cuab lub zog, nws yuav ntxuav tau lub xeb. Yuav kom txhim kho adhesion qhob nto roughened. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tswj tau nyob tus yeees ntawm cov teeb tis rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub T-shirts yog ntsia. Tej zaum tom ntej no txheej yog tam rau lub hom phiaj no 100-hli mesh, thiab yog hais tias lub cell loj yog me me, nws yuav poob dej tuag nyob rau hauv thawj txheej. Lub npaj nto yuav tsum tau miv yaug nrog compressed cua thiab rinsed nrog dej.

shotcrete technology

Yog hais tias koj tau txiav txim siab rau lawv tus kheej mus ua hauj lwm piav, tej zaum koj yuav xav nyob rau hauv kev faib ua feem ntawm shotcrete, uas yog 2400 kg ib 1 cubic meter. Qhov no yuav tsum raug xam tias yog thaum xam xyuas cov thickness ntawm lub tom ntej no txheej. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub nozzle thiab tej yuav ncaj qha mus cuam tshuam rau tus nqi ntawm cov xoob ntaub ntawv. Raws li kev xyaum qhia, ib tug deb ntawm ib tug los yog ob tug meters yog pom. Yog hais tias koj txo nws, nws yuav ua rau yawm nqi, raws li zoo raws li ib tug me ntsis sealing txheej. Yog hais tias, txawm li cas los, ntau tshaj lub saum toj no daim duab, cov txheej yuav loosened.

rau shotcrete additives tej zaum yuav tsis tau siv, tab sis dej yuav tsis tsis kam nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev. Nws yuav tsum tau ntxiv nyob rau hauv ib lub ratio. Piv txwv li, kom tau ib lub zog ntawm 26,4 MPa yuav tsim nyog mus ntxiv dej thiab xis mas nyob rau hauv ib qho ratio ntawm 0.35. Yog hais tias koj xav tau kom txo lub dag lub zog uas tau los 22,1, lub kev faib ua feem yuav tsum zoo li 0.5. Nyob rau hauv thawj cov ntaub ntawv, lub thaws feem pua yog 19,1; thaum nyob rau hauv lub thib ob - 11.2. Optimum dej-MAAs piv sib npaug zos rau cov kev txwv ntawm 0.4. Daim ntawv thov ntawm tsuag qhob yog ua nyob rau hauv khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus thickness ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv yuav tsum muaj txog li 6 millimeters. Thaum ua ntawv thov rau pob zeb ua txau nozzle MAAs-phom yuav tsum tsiv mus nyob rau hauv ib lub helical txoj kev. Orient nws yuav tsum muaj ib txoj cai kaum sab xis ntawm qhov chaw. Hloov lub kaum sab xis yuav ua tau me ntsis, sim sau nyob rau hauv lub sib sib zog nqus plhaub los yog armature qhov chaw.

Kws muaj txuj lub tswv yim

Txhua txheej yuav tsum tau muaj li ntawm cais kab rov tav ib daim hlab uas nws qhov siab yog m. Layering lub sawb ntawm txhua lwm yam yuav tsum muaj 20 centimeters. Yog hais tias nws yuav los siv ib tug ntshiab tov tsis muaj kev siv ntawm additives, lub thib ob txheej yuav tsum tau thov nyob rau hauv ob teev tom qab thawj zaug.