Sholem Aleichem: A Biography. Lub plawv, qhib rau cov neeg

Sholem Aleichem - ib tug Jewish tsis txaus siab hais tias neeg zoo tib yam pauv ntawm lub rooj sib tham. "Kev sib haum xeeb yuav nrog koj" - uas yog dab tsi nws txhais tau tias. Xws li ib tug cuav npe khaws ib tug hluas sau uas sau txog tib yam neeg nyob rau hauv lawv cov lus - Yiddish. Ua ntej koj yuav Sholom Aleichem - txawj sau ntawv. Diam duab qhia tau hais tias ib tug txiv neej nrog tho ob lub qhov muag thiab zoo siab uas nws tau raug rau cov nplooj ntawv ntawm nws zaj dabneeg luv luv, novellas thiab novels.

thaum yau

Sholom Nohumovich Rabinovich yug nyob rau hauv 1859 mus rau hauv ib tug pluag tsev neeg nyob rau hauv Pereyaslavl rau lub Ukraine. Ces tsev neeg tsiv mus rau lub zos Voronkovo, raws li nyob rau hauv Ukraine. Childhood tub hluas nrog 13 xyoo stepmother kuab lom tau. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, nyob rau hauv lub txias, nws feem ntau zaum nyob rau hauv txoj kev nyob ze ntawm lub tsev, qhov twg nws twb tsis tau tso cai. Tam sim no, Yog hais tias mus, los yog muab ib tug cab, ces tus me nyuam tub yuav tuav lawv nyob rau hauv inhospitable tsev, nyob qhov twg muaj ib tug ob peb me ntsis cov chav nrog txaj rau cov qhua. Tom qab ntawd nws yuav tau sov so. Tab sis lub caij ntuj no mus txawv tebchaws muaj myiaj qhua uas tsis nyob rau hauv lub tsev qhia Nohum Rabinovich. Lawv xav tau ib tug tsev so Nahum Yasnogradskogo. Cia kom khov Shalom xav mus nrhiav cov khoom muaj nqis uas yog faus qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Voronkove, thiab tam sim no, tom qab lub tsev neeg tau mus tsis muaj nyiaj, lawv rov nyob rau hauv Pereyaslavl. Thiab nws nyob Sholom nyob rau hauv loj impoverished tsev neeg qhov twg muaj cov kwv tij thiab cov muam, cov me nyuam thiab stepmother. Cov neeg Yudais yeej respected tsev kawm ntawv, lawv yeej ib txwm muaj ib tug tswm seeb cwj pwm rau hauv phau ntawv. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho, txawm cov neeg pluag me nyuam tub mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv (rau cov menyuam ntxhais yog suav tias yog tau). Tus thawj "ua hauj lwm", nws tau sau, yog ib daim ntawv teev curses stepmother uas nws npaj alphabetically. Hais tias lub tsev zoo nyob rau hauv kuv nrog cov qhua Sholem Aleichem. Biography tshiab nws paub ntau ntawm cov neeg uas ces kis rau cov nplooj ntawv ntawm nws phau ntawv. Tom qab tsev kawm ntawv, tus tub hluas kawm tiav los ntawm tsev kawm qib siab thiab xav mus ntxiv lawv txoj kev kawm nyob rau hauv Zhytomyr nyob rau lub koom haum thiab ua ib tug kws qhia ntawv.

wandering

Tiamsis cov tub hluas Sholom Aleichem muaj mus khwv tau ib tug nyob. Nws wanders rau lub zos me me, ua hauj lwm pab qhia. Nrog nws tsis muaj ceremony. Nws feem ntau tsis muaj txaj pem teb, thiab nws kev tshaib kev nqhis annoying fwjchim luj kawg nkaus uas glares, disappears los ntawm lub rooj zaub mov. Thaum hmo ntuj tshwm sim txawm cradled cov me nyuam yaus. Thaum kawg Sholomu muaj hmoo. Nws muaj 17 xyoo yog nyob rau hauv ib tug heev nplua nuj lub tsev, uas qhia kaum plaub ntxhais. Tag nrho yog zoo. Tab sis, raws li tau feem ntau tau piav nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem, cov xib fwb thiab me nyuam kawm ntawv pib los ua txhua lwm yam hlub. Nws hais tias nws txiv, uas yog zoo versed nyob rau hauv tib neeg. Yog li ntawd yuav li Sholem Aleichem. Diam duab qhia tau hais tias lub siab zoo, tab sis pab tsis tau yus tus neeg. Tus ntxhais ntawd leej txiv sai pom tau hais tias tus tub hluas yog tsis muaj cov hlab ntsha ua lag luam. Tej nyob rau hauv-txoj cai yuav tsis ua hauj lwm. txawm tias ib tug zoo pab nyob rau hauv yuav tsis ua hauj lwm vim hais tias ntawm no kuj zoo kawg visionary. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov tsev neeg yog nyiag tawm hauv thaum hmo ntuj. Waking nyob rau hauv thaum sawv ntxov, Sholem Aleichem, uas nws biography yog mam li nco dheev ua ib tug spooky twist Nws ua tim khawv hais tias lub tsev nws yog ib leeg xwb. Nws tshuav nyob rau hauv ib tug muaj koob qhov chaw them nyiaj thiab tag nrho. Qhov twg zoo rau txoj kev hlub, tsis paub hais tias.

sib yuav

Shalom yog tseem tsis tau ib xyoos tramping los ntawm cov Ukraine, twb tsis tau ntxias kom lawv nyiam mus dhia tawm hauv tsev mus. Lawv sib yuav tiv thaiv cov xav li cas ntawm nws niam thiab txiv. Thiab ob xyoos tom qab-nyob rau hauv-txoj cai tuag, thiab tus hluas tsev neeg nyob rau hauv 1885 tau poob ib tug lossis loj hmoov zoo. Ib tug inexperienced neeg uas ua ntawv ntawm lub Kiev thiab Odessa exchanges nyob rau hauv tsib lub xyoos sai sai poob tag nrho qub txeeg qub teg. Nws tsis yog ib tug businessman - yooj yim Sholem Aleichem. Nws biography, zoo li ib tug kev paub ua ntej nyob rau hauv-txoj cai, mus rau lwm txoj kev.

ua ib tug txawj sau ntawv

Nyob rau hauv 1888, Sholem Aleichem rau lub remnants ntawm lawv cov nyiaj pib mus koom nyob rau hauv publishing kev ua ub no. Tawm ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm collections tshwm sim "Jewish neeg Library". Nws twb nrhiav rau cov neeg Yudais txuj ci thoob plaws lub loj Lavxias teb sab thiab pom lawv nyob rau hauv lub khw, nyob rau hauv lub shoemakers nyob rau hauv lub ntees tuag chaw ua hauj lwm. Nws them heev cov nqi thiab cov logistical kev pab txhawb nqa cov neeg laus sau ntawv. Nws pib sau thiab luam tawm tsab nws tus kheej. Tawm nws novels "Stepien" thiab "Iosel Nightingale." Thiab nyob rau hauv 1894, nws pib ib tug tshiab chief tshiab "Tevye lub Milkman" nyob rau hauv nws lub neej. Yog li ntawd maj yug Sholem Aleichem - Jewish txawj sau ntawv.

Jewish pogroms

Nyob rau hauv 1903-1905 xyoo ntawm tus kws tsev neeg nyob ib tug muaj nyiaj lub neej nyob rau hauv lub zajlus nqi nyob rau hauv Kiev. Nws yog loj, nws muaj rau cov me nyuam. Thiab nyob rau hauv sab qab teb thiab sab qab teb-sab hnub poob ntawm lub teb chaws yog ib tug txaus ntshai nthwv dej ntawm anti-Jewish pogroms. Cov neeg tsim txom rau txoj kev tuag, rau tsim txom. Cov neeg yog raug ntaus nrog pob zeb, shovels, axes, raping cov poj niam thiab cov ntxhais. Nroo Jewish tsev, khw, puas khoom, rhuav tshem cov tsev pe hawm, rhuav tshem cov ntawv dawb ceev no. Thiab cov tub ceev xwm uas ntsiag to, raws li yog hais tsis muaj dab tsi tshwm sim, thiab yog hais tias nws reacts heev maj mam. Thaum lub sij hawm no cov txawj sau ntawv koom sau pamphlets, satires thiab dab neeg luv luv mob siab rau cov npau suav phem ( "kub", "Shmulik" "Yauxej"). Los ntawm cov ntshai heev txawj sau ntawv tsev neeg mus ua ntej mus Switzerland thiab ces lub tebchaws United States. Yog li ntawd nws yuav ib tug wanderer Sholem Aleichem. Biography Leafs tshiab nplooj ntawv.

txawv teb chaws

Thawj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub "teb chaws ntawm tus dawb" yog yuav mus zoo. Nws touts li cov neeg Yudais xovxwm, thiab American cov ntaub ntawv, muab piv nws nrog Mark Twain. Tab sis nws sai sai nres. Nws tsis siv sij hawm ib xyoos, muab ncua tseg cov printing ntawm nws cov phau ntawv tshiab "Tub Motl", thiab cov kws ntawv thiab nws tsev neeg rov qab mus rau Russia.

lub teb

Nyiaj nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg muaj, thiab cov kws ntawv mus nrog readings ntawm nws phau ntawv nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv 1908, nws muaj ntawv cog lus tuberculosis. Nws muaj 25 xyoo ntawm kev sau ntawv ua si, nws yog hlub thiab menyuam, thiab nws tej hauj lwm yog pauv publishers.

Family kev puas tsuaj. Thiab cov neeg Yudais thoob plaws lub teb chaws yog raising nyiaj mus yuav qhov txoj cai rau cov ntawv ntawm nws phau ntawv. Nws yog ua tau, thiab lawv kis tau mus rau tus sau. Mob txawj sau ntawv xa mus rau lub teb chaws Yelemees rau kev kho mob. Muaj nws pom ib tug tsov rog ntiaj teb. Nws thiab nws tsev neeg deported mus rau Russia. Tab sis vim hais tias ntawm lub hostilities rov qab mus rau nws yog tsis yooj yim sua.

dua America

Ntawm no nws yuav siv li ob lub xyoos ua ntej nws tuag, hoping mus rov qab mus rau lawv tsev neeg thiab yuav tsum tau faus tom ntej no mus rau nws txiv nyob rau hauv Kiev. Nws muaj cov xeeb ntxwv loj hlob. Bel Kaufman, uas tau sau "Up lub Down Staircase" - nws tus kheej tus ntxhais xeeb ntxwv, uas tshuav ntau sov puas ntawm nws yawg. Nyob rau hauv 1916, lub American deb ntawm lub tsev kom tuag Sholem Aleichem. Biography, piav, tuaj mus rau qhov kawg. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias nws yuav raug coj mus faus rau ntawm ib tug loj sib sau ua ke ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub toj ntxas nyob rau hauv New York. Thiab nws phau ntawv nyob thiab nyeem nrog tsis muaj tsawg txaus siab tshaj thaum ib lub sij hawm thaum lawv tau sau.