Sayan siab roob. Qhov siab tshaj plaws taw tes ntawm lub Sayan Toj siab

Tej zaum, muaj ntau yam niaj hnub mus ncig tebchaws tsawg kawg ib zaug nyob rau hauv lub neej xav txog dab tsi yog qhov siab ntawm lub Sayan Toj siab. Yog vim li cas tej zaum yuav xav nyob rau hauv? Feem ntau, muaj ntau tshaj ib tug piav qhia, cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yuav suav hais tias ib txwm xav paub thiab ib tug irrepressible siab mus xyuas lub siab tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov tau cov ntsiab lus, yog hais tias tsis lub ntiaj teb no raws li ib tug tag nrho, peb lub teb chaws raws li ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus.

Qhov tsab xov xwm aims qhia rau koj txog qhov no zoo kawg nkaus thaj chaw ntawm lub teb chaws, raws li cov Sayan Toj siab. Tus nyeem ntawv yuav kawm tau ntau yam uas pab tau cov lus qhia txog qhov no yog ib feem ntawm peb rightly hais loj heev lub teb chaws.

lus qhia dav dav

Sayan Toj siab yees duab, uas muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua phau ntawv nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation cheeb tsam, ua los ntawm ob tug interlocking roob systems nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm Siberia nyob rau hauv lub Irkutsk thaj av, Krasnoyarsk Territory, koom pheej uas Tyva, Khakassia thiab Buryatia, raws li zoo raws li lub sab qaum teb cheeb tsam ntawm Mongolia bordering koom pheej ntawm Tuva thiab Buryatia.

Lub roob no yog muab faib ib thaj nyuag mus rau hauv Western thiab Eastern Sayan, txhua tus uas muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm txawv nta ntawm nws tus kheej.

Piv txwv li, lub thaj ib sab yog raws thiab taw ridges tsis glaciations, uas yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub intermountain phiab. Rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub Mid-raug peaks thiab glaciers.

Sayan Toj siab muaj ntau ntawm cov dej ntws teej tug mus rau lub Yenisei dej phiab.

Lub slopes yog them nrog mountainous taiga, dua nyob rau hauv lub alpine tundra. Ntawm roob systems yog ib tug plurality ntawm depressions ntawm txawv cov duab thiab qhov tob. Ib qho ntawm feem nto moo - Minusinsk Phiab, uas muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm qhov chaw archaeological. Nyob rau hauv kev nws yuav tau muab sau tseg tias qhov nruab nrab amplitude ntawm lub heights ntawm lub Eastern Sayan yog ho txawv los ntawm ib tug tib index western ridges.

Qhov twg lub npe

Zaum hais tias lub npe ntawm cov chaw nyob nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus eponymous Turkic pawg neeg uas nyob rau hauv Siberia, nyob rau sab qaum nce mus txog ntawm lub Yenisei dej thiab Oka.

Sayan tom qab merged nrog rau lwm cov toj xeem thiab los ua ib feem ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Tuva neeg. Tus heev tib haiv neeg koom rau cov pab pawg neeg Samoyed, thiab nws cov neeg sawv cev hu ua roob "Kegmen", thaum lub sij hawm Buryats tau muab lawv ntau nyuaj rau cov tib neeg pob ntseg lub niaj hnub lub npe - "Sardyk".

Hais txog cov pawg neeg no nyob rau hauv lawv cov keeb kwm hais Lavxias teb sab Cossacks Tyumenets thiab Petrov, uas tau mus xyuas nyob rau hauv 1615 nyob rau hauv lub birthplace ntawm Altyn Khan. Ntxiv nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab mus txawv tebchaws cov ntaub ntawv twb roob tau teev tseg nyob rau hauv lub npe Sayani, lub siab tshaj plaws taw tes ntawm uas tau pom rau yav tom ntej, yog 3491 m.

kev kawm nta

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias los ntawm ib tug geological taw tes ntawm view, nws yog ib tug tus hluas roob, uas, raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, muaj kwv yees li 400 lab. Years ago.

Lawv tsim ntawm ancient pob zeb uas yog xws li volcanic keeb kwm. Ua ntej lub tsim ntawm lub roob muaj ib lub dej hiav txwv, raws li evidenced los ntawm seem nyob fossilized algae.

Tsim kom muaj ib lub roob nyem tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tus ntawm kev nyab xeeb. Ntawm ancient glacial roob raug them los ntawm glaciers uas ua haujlwm hloov lub ntiaj teb nto, txoj kev ntse peaks thiab nram hav nrog ntxhab qhov chaw siab tshaj. Tom qab sov lub glaciers melted, sau heev heev hollows thiab depressions ntawm nyem - muaj cov pas dej ntawm glacial keeb kwm.

thaj txoj hauj lwm

Muaj coob tus ntseeg hais tias lub qhov siab ntawm lub Sayan Toj siab yog tsis raws li tseem ceeb, thiab yog li ntawd tsis tsim nyog tshwj xeeb mloog. Cia peb kawm saib yog tias qhov no yog nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, los paub thiab swm nrog lawv thaj nta.

Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, qhov no yog ib tug continuation ntawm lub roob Altaiskaya roob system ua tus ciam ntawm Tuam Tshoj thiab Russia.

Toj siab muaj xws li thaum uas tig mus roob saw ntawm interconnected ntshav. Nrog Altaiskaya roob system Sayans txuas caj qaum Shabin davan. Mus rau sab qaum teb thiab sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob ntawm nws extends Kaltanovsky caj uas abuts lub Itemsky Ridge, uas stretches ntawm sab hnub tuaj mus rau sab qab teb-sab hnub poob ntawm lub Yenisei dej tributary. Nyob rau hauv sab qab teb Kaltanovsky caj txuas mus rau lub foothills Omaytura. Nyob rau hauv lub easterly kev taw qhia los ntawm cov caj Shabin davan Sayans muab faib ua ob chains. Northern Sayan lub npe hu ua Cours-Taiga thiab South - Tuna-Taiga.

Los ntawm sab qaum teb Sayan ntws los Sosnovka thiab Kyzyn-sous ncaim roob spur nkauj nraug Kantegir dej thiab lub Yenisei. Ntxiv mus, los ntawm Yenisei lub Sayan roob yuav siv sij hawm ob peb chains nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj.

Majestic dej Yenisei Siberia mus txog lub roob ranges ntawm lub array, hu ua lub Western Sayan, txoj kev ua ib co ntawm cov kev ceeb toom.

Nyob rau lub tsev txhab nyiaj ntawm lub Yenisey roob mus ntseeg nkaws nyob rau hauv lub steppes Minusinsk koog tsev kawm ntawv. Sayan ceg circuits yog txawv npe. By zoo uas nyob ib sab Yenissey Kyzyrsuksky caj tsim ib nqaim zaj nrog ib tug haib dej tsaws tsag hu ua Loj chaw pib. Ntxiv nws kis tau ntawm tus dej ntws Kyzyr-Suk thiab loj los rau ntug dej hiav txwv Yenissei qhov twg Biryusinsk Circuit Court yog nws txo qis mus rau qhov siab ntawm 1600 ko taw.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub ob ceg muaj Sayan roob uas cais cov dej thiab Kazyr Kizira. Tom ntej no Agul spur mus rau sab qaum teb thiab sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob thiab tus dej divides thiab Tagul Agul.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub siab tshaj plaws roob Sayan: myths xwb thiab legends ntawm cov Sayan Toj siab

Lub hwj chim ntawm boulders, ze li ntawm abutting nyob rau hauv saum ntuj ceeb tsheej, ib txwm ua tus kwv ntawm kev tshoov siab thiab ib tug tej yam kev sib hwm los ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam. Uas yog vim li cas nyob rau hauv lub dab neeg ntawm lub zos koj yuav ntsib ntau yam thiaj li legends nplooj siab los cia li no lub npe. Wb tau ntsib nrog ib co ntawm lawv.

Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, lub saum ntuj ceeb tsheej deities xa mus rau lub ntiaj teb nws tus tub Gesar mus tua phem. Nyob rau hauv cov hnub, tag nrho cov gods thiab muaj nqi heev nyob rau hauv lub roob, thiab lub zwm txwv ntawm Gesar yog nyob rau hauv lub siab tshaj plaws roob. Saum Ntuj Ceeb hero tshem lub ntiaj teb no ntawm kev tsis ncaj ncees thiab monsters, ua ntau ntau yam feats. Nws warriors tig mus rau lub pob zeb thiab muab nyob rau hauv lub roob. Tam sim no lawv hu ua Sayan, thiab lub siab tshaj plaws ntawm lawv, uas yog nws lub zwm txwv - Munch-Sardyk. Qhov saum ntawm cov Sayan Toj siab muaj ancient npe thiab shrouded nyob rau hauv myths xwb. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv tau ua ntawm lub pob zeb thiab cav thiaj li hu ua "pab", los yog qhov chaw ntawm kev teev tiam thiab txi pub rau tus tswv ntuj.

Nyob rau hauv kev, Geser - ib tug mythological daim duab, pehawm los ntawm yuav luag tag nrho cov haiv neeg ntawm Central Asia. Cov lus dab neeg ntawm no deity muaj ntau narrative mus thiab ntiav txog 22 000 kab. Txoj kev tshawb no tseem yog epic rau ib puas xyoo, tab sis tseem muaj tsis muaj tiag tiag cov ntaub ntawv. Ib txhia ntseeg tias Geser yog ib zajlus cim, thaum lwm tus neeg yog ntawm lub tswv yim hais tias lub epic yog nplooj siab mus Genghis Khan. Nws yog tseem tau hais tias Gesar yog lub Roman translation ntawm "Caesar" title (Caesar). Buryat Geseriade tshuaj xyuas qhov kev tshawb xav hais tias epics los tshwm ua ntej nws yug los. Tab sis feem ntau yog inclined ntseeg hais tias tus kev lig kev cai ntawm Geser qhia zaj dab neeg txog ib tug tub rog thawj coj uas nyob rau hauv lub XI-XII centuries.

Secrets thiab mysteries ntawm lub npe

Pog koob yawg koob niaj hnub Tuvan yog ib tug Turkic pawg neeg Soyots uas nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los nyob rau hauv lub roob rau hauv lub Upper nce mus txog ntawm tus dej ntws Yenisei thiab Oka. Raws li anthropologists, "Soyot" yog hais txog mus rau lub plural ntawm lo lus "Yog li ntawd Yeon", thiab thiaj li yog lub teb chaws no tseem hu ua li ntawd Yeon. Tom qab ntawd cov lus mutate rau hauv Sayan. Pab pawg neeg hu ua lub roob "Kegmen", uas txhais tau tias "saum ntuj ceeb tsheej barrier". Buryats cov roob hu ua "Sardyk", uas txhais txhais tau tias "char".

Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub Sayan Toj siab hais Lavxias teb sab Cossacks thiab Tyumenets Petrov, uas tau mus xyuas nyob rau hauv 1615 nyob rau Altyn-Khan. Sayan yog thawj conqueror Commissioner Pester xyuas tus ciam kab nyob rau hauv lub roob thiab nyob rau hauv them nyiaj ntawm cov frontier posts thiab cov qhab nia nyob rau hauv lub 1778-1780 biennium. Sayan kev tshawb fawb pib nyob rau hauv lub XIX caug xyoo.

geological nta

West Sayan muaj ib tug tais qauv thiab yog ib feem ntawm lub Caledonian txoj siv ntawm Paleozoic Altai-Sayan cheeb tsam. Nws stretches ntawm sab qab teb-hnub poob mus rau sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug ellipse, uas yog bounded rau tag nrho cov sab los ntawm kev yuam kev. Lub sab hauv qauv yog vim muaj ib tug complex cover-sharyazhnym hom qauv.

Yog hais tias koj qhia ib tug complex thiab multifaceted qhov teeb meem, raws li lub qhov siab ntawm lub Sayan Toj siab, tsis txhob hais tias lub roob system ntawm lub thaj ib sab yog muab faib ua ob peb tectonic aav (North-Sayan, Tsentralnosayanskuyu, Boruss thiab Kurtushubinskuyu). Nyob rau hauv North Sayansky siv muaj xws li volcanosedimentary sediments Vendian-Cambrian pob zeb nrog ib tug compound ophiolite mélange aav.

Rau Kurtushibinskogo thiab Boruss aav raug ntawm Lower Paleozoic quartzites thiab diabase thiab av nplaum-siliceous shale thiab ultramafic pob zeb. Cov pob zeb mus rau lub complex tectonic thiab sedimentary mixtures. Tsentralnosayansky siv muaj ib tug complex ntawm volcanogenic formations flyschoid Early Paleozoic granite uas muaj ntau khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. No tsam yog yus muaj los ntawm tectonic pawg thiab lus hloov ntawm sedimentary pob zeb. Nws yog tej thaum kuj cais nyias Dzhebashskuyu tsam muaj ib tug ntau ancient (Riphean) keeb kwm nyob raws lub sab qaum teb yog ib feem ntawm West Sayans. Nws yog yeej los ntawm kho volcanic thiab flysch deposits.

Eastern Sayan yog muab faib nyob ntawm seb nws muaj hnub nyoog. Lub sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj ib feem, adjoining lub sab qab teb-sab hnub poob mus rau lub Siberian platform, belongs rau lub feem ntau ancient (Precambrian) hom, thiab rau sab qab teb-sab hnub poob - mus rau lub yau (Caledonian) ntaus ntawv. Tus thawj muaj hloov Precambrian pob zeb, uas muaj xws li ancient gneisses thiab amphibolites. Central Derbinskoj anticline muaj ib tug qauv ntawm cov yau pob zeb - schist, marble thiab amphibolite. Southwest Sayans ib feem muaj li ntawm volcanic thiab sedimentary pob zeb. Nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb thiab sab hnub poob ntawm lub Eastern Sayan orogenic depressions tsim, muaj raws ntawm volcanic clastic pob zeb.

minerals roob

Xav nyob rau hauv ntau yam lub notion ntawm lub qhov siab, Sayan tsis tau tuaj raws li ib tug ib-daim geological kwv. Yog vim li cas? Qhov no yog hais tias lawv sab hnub tuaj ib feem ntawm lub ntev thiab ntau dua li cov western. Piv txwv li, lub ncov ntawm thawj feem ntawm lub nce saum toj no hiav txwv theem rau 3.491 m (lub siab tshaj plaws taw tes ntawm lub Sayan Toj siab - Munch-Sardyk), thaum lub sij hawm thib ob - tsuas yog 3121 m. Thiab qhov ntev ntawm lub sab hnub tuaj rau 400 km ntau tshaj rau sab hnub poob.

Txawm li cas los, txawm cov kev txawv no, tus nqi thiab tseem ceeb ntawm no array kev khwv nyiaj txiag ntawm peb lub teb chaws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau overestimate. Lub fact tias cov pab hom tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lawv zaj, tiag tiag impressive.

Nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob Sayan, muaj tso ntawm hlau, tooj liab, kub, chrysotile asbestos, molybdenum thiab tungsten ores. Lub ntsiab wealth ntawm kev uas tsuas ntawm mineral kev pab - hlau thiab chrysotile asbestos. Hlau ore koom hydrothermally metasomatic hom txuam nrog gabbroides nce basicity thiab Granites. Chrysotile asbestos yog txuam nrog Cambrian ultrabasites.

Eastern Sayan Toj siab, lub qhov siab ntawm cov uas predominates, paub deposits ntawm kub, hlau, txhuas, titanium ore thiab lwm yam tsis tshua muaj co, graphite, mica, magnesite. Deposits hlau sawv cev ferruginous quartzite, volcanic-sedimentary hematite-magnetite thiab magnetite ores. Aluminium ores hais bauxite, sillimanite thiab urtite Proterozoic shales. Los ntawm agroores yog theem nrab phosphates. Tsis tas li ntawd no muaj me me nyiaj ntawm kev sib cuag-metasomatic phlogopite thiab muscovite pegmatite. Nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm quartz reserves yog pom, graphite, jade, chrysotile asbestos, limestone thiab siv cov ntaub ntawv.

Western Sayan

Qhov no cheeb tsam stretches rau sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj mus rau lub Eastern Sayan, los ntawm qhov uas tus dej me me Abakan mus rau lub headwaters ntawm tus dej ntws Kazyr thiab udÃ. Qhov siab tshaj plaws taw tes ntawm lub caj yog suav tias yog Kyzyl Taiga (3120 m) uas yog ib feem Sayansky PAUB FAIB caj.

Roob toj roob hauv pes raug ntawm alpine teb nrog ntxhab qhov chaw siab tshaj thiab nws kim heev pob zeb placers. Roob peaks nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob ncav tsis cuag heights ntawm mus txog 3000 m, rau sab hnub tuaj, lawv yog sau mus rau 2000 m. Lub ko taw ntawm lub qhov chaw siab tshaj yog them nrog ntoo thuv thiab deciduous hav zoov, uas yog saum toj no rau txoj kev hloov nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj nti coniferous taiga.

Upper tiers nyob rau ntawm ib qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm 2000 m yog roob taiga nrog glacial pas dej, cirques thiab moraines. Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Western Sayan yog lub Sayano-Shushenskaya Reserve.

Eastern Sayan Toj siab

Lub sab saum toj ntawm lub cheeb tsam them nrog yeej tsis melting snows. Qhov siab tshaj plaws taw tes ntawm cov sab hnub tuaj thiab Sayans lawv tus kheej Sayan roob, raws li hais saum toj no, ib lub roob-Sardyk Munch (3490 m), uas yog adjoined Okinskiy toj siab. Lub tiaj no yog them nrog alpine meadows, deciduous forests thiab roob tundra, muaj kuj deserted mob rocky chaw. Lub hauv paus ib feem yog tsim los ntawm ib tug los ua ke ntawm ob peb hom twg, nws yog lub siab tshaj plaws ncov (ncov A grand) muaj ib tug qhov siab ntawm 2980 m.

Topographers ncov (3044 m) yog muab tso rau hauv lub thib ob loj tshaj plaws nyob ncov. Major glaciers nyob rau hauv lub loj peaks. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub Eastern Sayan Toj siab muaj yog ib tug "hav ntawm volcanoes" nrog ib co kua nplaum ntawm volcanic kev ua si, uas yog ib tug volcanic toj siab. Tsis ntev los no lava emissions twb kwv yees li 8,000 xyoo dhau los. lub ntiaj teb no-nrov "Stolby" Xwm Reserve yog nyob rau hauv lub Eastern Sayan Toj siab.

Yuav ua li cas mus saib nyob rau hauv lub Sayan Toj siab

Xav tag nrho cov saum toj no cov lus tseeb, nws tsis yog li ntawd lub qhov siab ntawm lub Sayan Toj siab attracts ntau yam thiaj li mus ncig tebchaws los ntawm ntau cov ces kaum ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Sawv daws xav hnov zoo li ib feem ntawm ib yam dab tsi loj loj thiab loj heev.

Txawm li cas los, no hu hais tias tsis tsuas siab, Sayan roob muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb taiga ua hauj lwm nrog glacial pas dej, waterfalls thiab cov niam dej, tsim cim ua hauj lwm.

Qhov tseem tej thaj chaw deb thiab unpopulated cheeb tsam ntawm roob xam tau tias yog central Sayan (Tofalariya). Ntawm cov Western Sayan taiga muab zais natural "Pob zeb hauv lub zos" nyob qhov twg lub pob zeb zoo li cov seem ntawm ancient castles thiab fortresses. Eastern Sayan paub Shumak mineral springs thiab lub "hav ntawm volcanoes."

Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo nkauj cheeb tsam Munch-Sardyk nrog Oka toj siab nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj, thaum lub roob yog them nrog cov yeeb yuj pua ntawm poppies, rhododendron, edelweiss, golden hauv paus hniav thiab lwm yam nroj tsuag. Muaj ntau ntau gorges, hav dej, pas dej thiab ntws, muaj nyob elk thiab musk. Xwm Munch-Sardyk yuav luag untouched los ntawm tus txiv neej. Sam Ridge nyob rau ntawm tus ciam teb ntawm Russia thiab Mongolia, thiab mus ntsib ib tug los rau cheeb tsam no tau tsuas nrog kev tso cai los ntawm tus ciam teb kev pab cuam, txwv tsis pub tus qhov siab ntawm lub Sayan roob yuav fascinate tsuas yog los ntawm sab nraum.