Rab phom "Dora" - ib tug riam phom ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II: piav qhia

Peb lub xyoos ua ntej lub phaum ntawm ob ntiaj teb rog, Hitler qhia cov kev txhawj xeeb "Krupp" kev loj hlob ntawm heavy-duty ntev-ntau riam phom uas muaj peev xwm ntawm xuas nrig ntaus qhob chaw tiv thaiv mus rau xya meters tuab thiab ko taw armor. Qhov project no yog ua hnyav luag hauj lwm phom "Dora", muaj npe tom qab tus poj niam ntawm nws cov Hmoob designer Erich Mueller.

Tus thawj kuaj ntawm superheavy phom

Los ntawm lub sij hawm lub Fuhrer tuaj nrog ib tug ambitious lub tswv yim, German lag luam muaj twb muaj kev nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov artillery monsters. Thaum kawg ntawm lub ntiaj teb ua ntej tsov rog, Paris twb shelled roj teeb, muaj raws ntawm peb super-hnyav phom "colossal" system. Lub yeej ntawm cov monsters muaj ob puas thiab xya millimeters caliber thiab xa lawv cov zoo li ntau tshaj ib tug deb ntawm ib puas kilometers, uas nyob rau hauv cov hnub suav hais tias ib cov ntaub ntawv.

Txawm li cas los, muab xam rau ntawm qhov kev puas tsuaj tshwm sim los mus rau lub Fabkis capital no roj teeb pom tias nws tiag tiag hauj lwm zoo yog negligible. Thaum exceptional ntev ntau mas tsis tshua muaj tsis tshua muaj precision riam phom ntaus, thiab tua hluav taws ntawm lawv yuav tsis ua vaj tse khoom, tiam sis tsuas yog ib tug lossis loj cheeb tsam.

Tsuas yog ib tug me me ib feem ntawm lub zoo li poob nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv ib tug pej xeem lub tsev los yog lwm yam. Cov phom twb mounted rau railway platforms, thiab mus ua hauj lwm txhua yam ntawm lawv yuav tsum tau nyob yam tsawg yim caum neeg. Xav dua li lawv cov qib high nqi, nws zoo nkaus li tias lawv cov nqi npaum li cas ntau dua li cov kev puas tsuaj uas lawv muaj peev xwm tau ua.

Kev txaj muag, nyob rau hauv lub Treaty ntawm Versailles

Tom qab tsov rog, lub Treaty ntawm Versailles tej yam kev mob, nrog rau lwm yam kev txwv, nkag tau rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees ib tug txiav npluav on zus tau tej cov seev, lub caliber ntawm uas tshaj ib puas thiab tsib caug millimeters. Qhov no yog vim li cas rau cov thawj coj ntawm lub Peb Reich yog ib tug teeb meem ntawm kev nplua nuj, tsuj tsab xov xwm cem cov treaty, los tsim ib rab phom uas yuav surprise lub ntiaj teb no. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, muaj ib tug "Dora" - ib tug riam phom ntawm kev ua pauj uschemlonnuyu lub teb chaws muaj nuj nqis.

Tsim ib tug dab artillery

Ua hauj lwm rau lub creation ntawm peb tes num thiab zus tau tej cov no dab coj tsib lub xyoos. Super-hnyav railway phom "Dora" rau nws kev tsis superior lub tswv yim thiab kev txiav txim siab. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias nws twb tso tawm los ntawm lub projectile caliber yim pua kaum peb millimeters ya mus xwb tsib caug kilometers, nws muaj peev xwm mus ua txhaum los ntawm xya meters ntawm kev reinforced, 'meter' armor thiab earthwork tridtsatimetrovoy thickness.

Cov teeb meem txuam nrog rau kev siv phom

Tab sis cov no, ntawm chav kawm, muaj kev kawm siab loses nws cov ntsiab lus thaum koj xav txog hais tias rab phom nrog heev tsawg precision hluav taws yuav tsum tau ib tug tiag tiag loj-scale txij nkawm thiab kev khiav hauj lwm cov nqi. Nws yog lub npe hu, piv txwv li, hais tias txoj hauj lwm nyob rail phom "Dora" yog tsis tsawg tshaj li plaub thiab ib tug ib nrab kilometers. Tauj tag nrho installation nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, thiab nws cov los ua ke coj mus txog rau lub lis piam, uas yuav tsum tau ob tug 110-tuj crane.

Combat muab xam los ntawm cov riam phom muaj tsib puas leej, tab sis lwm yam tshaj li hais tias, lawv twb ob mus zov battalion thiab ib tug thauj battalion. Rau cov thauj mos txwv muab kev koom tes ob u thiab lwm hwj chim tsheb ciav hlau. Nyob rau hauv kev, cov neeg ua hauj tsim nyog rau tus txij nkawm ntawm ib tug xws li rab phom yog ib tug ib nrab txhiab tus neeg. Yuav kom pub muaj coob tus neeg, muaj ib txawm tias ib tug teb bakery. Los ntawm tag nrho cov no nws yog tseeb hais tias "Dora" - ib tug uas yuav tsum tau rau nws cov lag luam zoo kawg cov nqi.

Tus thawj los siv cov cuab yeej

Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm lawv cov me nyuam tshiab lub Germans sim siv tiv thaiv cov British rau txoj kev puas tsuaj ntawm tej chaw tiv thaiv, tsa los ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv Gibraltar. Tab sis ib zaug muaj ib qho teeb meem nrog kev thauj mus los los ntawm lub chaw uas zoo heev ntawm Spain. Nyob rau hauv ib lub teb chaws tseem reeling los ntawm kev tsov kev rog, nws yog tsis tsim nyog rau cov carriage ntawm xws li ib tug dab lifting ntawm choj thiab txoj kev. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub dictator Franco nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev uas los mus tiv thaiv qhov no, tsis xav lub caij rau luag lub teb chaws mus rau hauv ib tug tub rog sib tsoo nrog cov Western phoojywg.

Lub hloov lwm lub phom rau sab hnub tuaj ntug

Nyob rau hauv view ntawm cov tshwm sim, ntxiv hnyav phom "Dora" twb raug xa mus rau sab hnub tuaj pem hauv ntej. Nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj 1942, nws tuaj rau lub Crimea, nyob qhov twg nws cuv npe kawm nyob rau pov tseg ntawm cov tub rog, uas tau sim unsuccessfully rau cua daj cua dub Sebastopol. Ntawm no, 813-hli siege phom "Dora" twb tau muab siv mus suppress lub Soviet ntug dej roj teeb, nruab nrog 305-hli phom.

Excessively heev heev cov neeg ua haujlwm pab teem no nyob rau sab hnub tuaj pem hauv ntej, tsim nyog yuav ua tau kom ntxiv rog ntawm kev tiv thaiv, txij thaum thawj thawj hnub uas tuaj txog nyob rau hauv lub ceg av qab teb rab phom thiab nws muab xam tau rov guerrillas. Raws li yog lub npe hu, railway phom yog heev lam tau lam ua rau saum huab cua tsoo, li ntawd kuv thiaj yuav tsum tau siv ib tug ntxiv anti-aircraft division mus them rau cov phom raids los ntawm aircraft. Nws twb tuaj koom kuj himpodrazdelenie, uas nws ua hauj lwm yog los mus tsim cov pa luam yeeb cov ntxaij vab tshaus.

Kev npaj ntawm cov sib ntaus sib tua yuav pib firing

Qhov chaw rau cov cuab yeej xaiv nrog zoo saib xyuas. Nws pom tias thaum lub sij hawm flyby lub chaw uas zoo heev los ntawm cov pa lub commander tus kheej compound ntawm hnyav phom General Tsukerort. Nws xaiv ib lub roob, qhov chaw uas muaj ntau incision tau ua rau tshwj kom txhob txoj hauj lwm cov khoom. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav xyuas kom meej kev tswj khov "Krupp" xa mus rau lub cheeb tsam ntawm kev ua hauj lwm ntawm nws tshwj xeeb, kev koom tes nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev siv phom.

Tsim nta phom chim pub rau koj tawm tsev yog nyob rau hauv lub ntsug txoj hauj lwm, yog li hloov lub firing kev taw qhia (horizontally) phom "Dora" twb muab tso rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb platform, uas tau tsiv mus nyob rau hauv ib tug arc knuckle lem. Rau nws lub zog siv ob tug haib diesel tshem ciav hlau.

Tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv installation ntawm artillery installation thiab nws cov kev npaj rau lub shooting tau raug ua tiav los ntawm thaum pib ntawm lub rau hli ntuj 1942. Lug txhim khu lub feem ntawm cov hluav taws rau lub chaw tiv thaiv ntawm Sevastopol lub Germans siv, tsuas yog "Dora", ob ntau self-propelled units "Karl". Lub caliber ntawm chim yog 60 cm. Lawv tseem haib thiab puas muaj riam phom.

Memoirs ntawm cov neeg ntawm cov txheej xwm

Muaj eyewitness nco hnub ntawm rau hli ntuj 5, 1942. Lawv sib tham txog yuav ua li cas ob tug muaj hwj chim loj locomotives kuav los tiag tawm tshaj lub tsheb nqaj hlau ntawm lub arc ntawm tus dab uas 1,350 tonnes. Nws yuav tsum teem cia rau lub centimeter, uas tau ua ib tug brigade ntawm machinists. Rau cov thawj txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv nyob rau hauv lub them feem ntawm rab phom muab tso projectile 7 tons.

Nyob rau hauv cov huab cua sawv lub zais pa, cov hauj lwm ntawm cov neeg coob uas muaj ib tug haum ntawm hluav taws. Thaum cov kev npaj twb tiav, tag nrho cov muab xam cov cuab yeej tau allotted nyob rau hauv lub vaj tse, nyob rau ntawm ib tug deb ntawm ob peb puas meters. Los ntawm cov tib timkhawv pom paub hais tias cov recoil yog li ntawd muaj zog hais tias tus ntsia uas tus sawv platform, mus rau lub teb chaws ntawm tsib centimeters.

Puas ua hauj lwm martial arts

Tub rog historians pom zoo rau tus xov tooj ntawm txhaj tshuaj uas ua rau German phom "Dora" nyob rau hauv Sevastopol. Nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub Soviet hais kom ua cov ntaub ntawv, muaj plaub caug-yim. Qhov no sau raws nkaus Ii cov kev pab ntawm lub thoob, uas muaj peev xwm tsis mas loj tus naj npawb ntawm lawv (thiab ces yuav tsum tau hloov). German tib qhov chaw hais tias rab phom los tsis tsawg tshaj li eighty rounds, tom qab uas, thaum lub sij hawm ib tug niaj hnub sib ntaus ntawm Soviet bombers, twb tsis taus hwj chim tsheb ciav hlau.

Zuag qhia tag nrho hais kom ua ntawm lub Wehrmacht twb yuam kom lees tias Hitler lub vaunted "Dora" phom tsis nyob mus txog rau nws cov miv nyuas. Thaum tag nrho cov nqi uas tshwm sim los ntawm tej yam ntawm qhov hluav taws kub yog tsawg heev. Nws kaw tsuas yog ib qho kev vam meej hit nyob rau hauv lub mos txwv depot, nyob rau ntawm ib tug deb ntawm nees nkaum xya kilometers. Tus so ntawm lub multi-tuj zoo li uselessly poob, tawm hauv ib tug sib sib zog nqus kev ua qab yias nyob rau hauv lub hauv av.

Kws muaj txuj ci lug raws li tsis muaj mob yog tshwm sim los tsis yog, raws li lawv yuav raug puas tsuaj los ntawm ncaj qha hits. Khaws cia hais tias hais txog qhov no rab phom tub rog Chief ntawm neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Wehrmacht, Colonel General Frantsa Galdera. Nws hais tias lub biggest phom "Dora" - nws yog ib tug puas daim ntawm cov kos duab. Los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov tub rog kws muaj txuj yog ib qhov nyuaj rau ntxiv dab tsi.

Wrath ntawm lub Fuhrer thiab cov tshiab lub hom phiaj

Tej disappointing tau, qhia nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua ua tsov rog ntawm "Dora", angered lub Fuhrer. Nws muab tso rau no peb tes num kev cia siab. Raws li nws tus suav, rab phom, txawm lub exorbitant nqi txuam nrog nws siv thiab ua, yog mus nkag rau hauv loj ntau lawm, thiab yog li ua ib tug tseem ceeb kev hloov nyob rau hauv qhov nqi koj tshuav ntawm rog nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub serial ntau lawm ntawm riam phom ntawm no magnitude yuav tsum tau hais lus tim khawv txog tus muaj peev xwm ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees.

Tom qab cov tsis ua hauj nyob rau hauv lub Crimea "Krupp" designers sim los txhim kho nws creation. Nws yuav yog ib tug txawv kiag li hnyav artillery unit "Dora." Cov phom yuav tsum ua sverhdalnoboynym thiab siv nws yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub Western Pem hauv ntej. Nws siv tau los ua qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau cov kev hloov uas tso cai rau, raws li tus sau phau ntawv, firing ib tug peb-theem rockets. Tab sis xws li kev pab them nqi, qhov zoo ces, twb tsis yuav tsum tau.

Thaum lub sij hawm tsov ua rog, tshwj tsis yog rau cov phom "Dora", lub Germans launched lwm super-hnyav cannon caliber yim caum centimeters. Nws lub npe hu ua nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub ruaj "Krupp" Gustav Krupp von Bollène - "Tuab Gustav." Qhov no phom, uas raug nqi kaum lab German tias, yog tseem tsis zoo raws li "Dora." Cov phom muaj yuav luag tag nrho cov tib ntau shortcomings thiab heev tsawg muaj nqis. Thaum lub kawg ntawm tsov rog ob sib raug cua tshuab los ntawm cov Germans.